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kl/ro

s} of}F k6s pBdzLntfsf uNtLx¿ bf]xf]l//xg' crDd nfUg] s'/f xf] . o:tf] nfU5 dfgf}F sltko dflg;x¿n] c¿x¿sf uNtLx¿ lgofN5g\ / km]l/ tL ;a} s'/fx¿ gSsn ub{5g\ . 7"nf sDkgLx¿ 6f6 klN6g'sf sf/0fx¿ ;w}FF p:t} x'G5g\M t/ntfsf] cefj, ahf/sf] unt d"NofÍg / ljrf/x¿ sfof{Gjogsf] cefj . pQ/flwsf/Lsf] /f]nqmdn] ;xL tl/sfn] sfd gug'{sf] sf/0f d'VotM sDkgLnfO{ :jtGq eP/ hfg glbg] jf cg'ko'Qm pQ/flwsf/Lsf] lgo'Qm ug]{ cl3Nnf dflnsx¿ g} x'G5g\ .

olb To;af6 xfdLn] ;xL cGt/b[li6 k|fKt ub{5f}F / xfd|f cjnf]sgx¿af6 ;xL kf7x¿ l;Sb5f}F eg] c¿x¿nfO{ cjnf]sg ug'{ c;n xf] . of] k':tsn] ToxL sfd ug]{5 . d tkfO{++x¿nfO{ To:tf] ofqfdf hfgsf] lglDt lgdGq0ff u5{' h;df ljleGg d'n's / dxfb]zx¿df lj:tf/ ePsf] Jofj;flos k/fdz{ / ljsf;sf @) aif]{ cg'ejx¿ ;+uflnPsf 5g\ . d tkfO{++nfO{ ljleGg ;+:s[ltx¿leq :yflkt / ljsf; ePsf sDkgLx¿sf] af/]df cg'ej / cGt/b[li6 atfpg] 5' . of] hfgsf/Laf6 h'g;'s} 7fpFdf klg pko'Qm x'g]u/L cg's"lnt agfpg / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] l;4fGtx¿ :yflkt ul/Psf 5g\ . jf:tjdf tkfO{++n] logLx¿nfO{ cfˆg} sDkgLdf cEof; ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .

bL3{sfn;Dd l6ls/xg rfxg] xf] eg] alnof] ¿kdf ;fdflhs ;f]rfO ePsf pBdLx¿n] klg d'gfkmf sdfpg} k5{ . of] ;To xf] . d}n] cfˆgf] k]zfut hLjgdf ;fdfGo sfdsfhL dflg;x¿b]lv lnP/ ;kmntfsf] e¥ofªdf lgSs} dfly;Dd r9]sf c/akltx¿nfO{ klg e]6]sf] 5' . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg oyfy{df d}n] yf]/} dflg;x¿ dfq} jf:tjdf g} v';L /x]sf] kfPF . oL yf]/} dflg;x¿df s]xL s'/f ;dfg lyPM pbfx/0fsf] nflu s] s'/f geO{ gx'g] x'g\ eGg] b[li6sf]0f, dflg;x¿k|lt ltgLx¿sf] k|]d, pgLx¿n] pbf/tfk"j{s lbg] sfo{, gjLgtd vf]hsf] rfxgf jf cj/f]wx¿dfly ljho k|fKt ug{sf] nflu pgLx¿sf] nugzLntf . s] of] ;+of]u dfq lyof] t < lyPg, oxfFlg/ Pp6f k2ltn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 / xfdL o;sf] ulx/fO;Dd} k'Ug rfxG5f}F .

xfd|f k|oTgx¿n] xfdLnfO{ ;+of]ujz dfq} afOansf] bz cf1flt/ 8f]¥ofPsf] xf]Og . k/d]Zj/n] ;Dk"0f{ dfgj hfltsf lglDt Jofjxfl/s d"NodfGotfnfO{ afOansf bz cf1fdf ;/f+lzt ug{'ePsf] 5 . s] of] s'g} klg Joj;fonfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s Joj:yfkg ug{ ko{fKt 5}g t < xf], of] kof{Kt 5 . 7'nf] ;d'bfodf ;Fu;Fu} lhpgsf] nflu bz cf1fn] cfjZos kg]{ s'/fnfO{ pknAw u/fpF5 . oL lgodx¿ /fhgLlts / cfly{s k2lt b'j}df ;dfg ¿kn] ;To ;fljt x'G5g\ . olb Jofkfl/s tyf cfly{s If]qdf g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsfdf /x]sfx¿n] oL lgodx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{] xf] eg] lgZro klg, xfd|f] ;+;f/ a9L Gofof]lrt / dfgjLo x'g] lyof] .

em6\6 x]bf{, afOansf bz cf1fx¿ / Jofj;flos Joj:yfkg aLr vf;} cGt/;DaGw 5 h:tf] b]lvFb}g . ;Dejt, tL cf1fx¿ a'‰g sl7g x'G5 cyjf kfng ug{ sl7g h:tf] nfUg ;S5 . oxL sf/0f w]/}n] tL cf1fnfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lnFb}gg\ . t/ glhsaf6 lgofNg] xf] eg], oL cf1fx¿n] Joj;fo Joj:yfkgsf] lglDt Joj;fosf tf}/tl/sfx¿ ;fdflhs ¿kdf cg's"lnt agfpg y'k|} cGt/1fgx¿ lbG5g\, ljz]if u/]/ Joj;fo Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Jofj;flos tl/sfx¿nfO{ ;fdfhnfO{ ;d]t nfe x'g]u/L s;/L nfu" ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;Gbe{df . tfklg, sDkgLsf] p2]Zo rflxF Pp6} xf]M d'gfkmf cfh{g ug'{ . t/} klg xfd|f ;+uL dfgj hflt jf jftfj/0fnfO{ xflg k'¥ofP/ o:tf] d'gfkmf sdfpg' x'Fb}g . ;fdflhs, kof{j/0fLo tyf cfly{s k2ltnfO{ lbuf] ¿kdf nfe eof] eg] dfq} xfdLn] ;fFrf] ¿kdf d'gfkmf sdfPsf] 7x5{ .

bz cf1fnfO{ b}lgs Jofj;flos hLjg;Fu ldnfP/ nfg' Pp6f r'gf}tL 5M o;nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug'{sf ;Ldfx¿ b]vfkb{5g\ / oL ;Ldfx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ug}{ k5{ . o;nfO{ xfdL ljj]s k|of]u ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L eGb5f}F . ;fy}, sltko cj:yfdf ;[hgfTds sfo{x¿sf] lglDt sNkgf gul/Psf ;Defjgfx¿ b]vf k5{g\ . o;nfO{ pBdLkgsf] ;f]rfO / sfo{ elgG5 .

olQs} eOxfN5 lg jf tgdg nufP/ sfd gug]{ h:tf s'/fsf] lglDt of] k':tsdf s'g} :yfg 5}g . of] k':ts pBdLx¿sf nflu xf], To:tf dflg;x¿sf nflu h;n] pBdzLntfsf] :jtGqtf / lhDd]jf/Lx¿nfO{ axg ug{ rfxG5g\ . o;n] Pp6f k|efjsf/L pBdL aGg bz r/0fsf] k|lqmof / ljrf/x¿sf] pbfx/0f lbP/ Pp6f o:tf] pBdL aGg] pbfx/0f lbG5 h;n] dflg;x¿ / jftfj/0fnfO{ sb/ ub{5 .

bz cf1fdf Odfgbf/ eP/ ;+nUg x'gfn] xfd|f] lghL hLjg / Jofj;flos hLjg b'j}nfO{ k|efj kfb}{ xfd|f ;f]rfO / sfo{x¿nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ / cfsf/ lbg] sfd ub{5 . To;sf] kl/0ffd rflxF hLjgdf nfu" ul/Psf] Jofj;flos g}ltstf xf] h;n] c¿ dflg;x¿ jf k|s[ltnfO{ zf]if0f gul/sg} cltl/Qm pkof]lutf ;[hgf ub{5 .

cWofo !

s] of] Jofj;flostf xf] jf Pp6f ;+of]u dfq xf] < pTs[i6 sDkgLx¿sf] ;kmntfsf tTjx¿sf] vf]hL ug]{ a]nfdf of] k|Zg cjZoDefjL ¿kdf p7\g] ub{5 . o;sf] pQ/ hl6n 5 . w]/} Joj;foLx¿ cfˆgf] sfo{df cToGt} bIf eP/ klg c;kmn ePsf 5g\ . t/ c¿ sltkon] eg] pBdzLntfdf w]/} uNtL u/] tfklg, pgLx¿ Joj;fodf ;kmn /xG5g\ . To:tf] eP tfklg, xfdLx¿ ;+of]uj; Ps k6s dfq} ;kmn x'g] pBdzLntfsf syfx¿df ?lr /Vb}gf}F . 7'nf] lr¶f lhTg' lj/n} ;Dej 5 / of] bf]xf]l/g] ;Defjgf klg x'Fb}g . xfd|f] rf;f] t To:tf l;4fGtx¿df 5 h;n] xfdLnfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf / lgoldt ¿kdf ;kmntflt/ 8f]¥ofFpb5g\ . o;leq Jofj;flos tf}/tl/sf / cj;/x¿ kb{5g\ . pBdLx¿n] oL tf}/tl/sf hfGg' kb{5 / logdf lgk"0ftf k|fKt ug'{ kb{5 . pknAw cj;/x¿nfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{sf] nflu 1fg / IfdtfeGbf cem} a9L s'/fsf] vfFrf] kb{5, Tof] xf] gofF / ckl/lrt s'/fx¿sf] lglDt v'nf b[li6 / u|x0fzLntf . o;sf lglDt, xfdLnfO{ Pp6f ;/n / ;xof]uL ;fwg pknAw 5M Tof] xf] Joj;fosf] gd"gf .

Joj;fosf] gd"gfsf] nflu lg0f{ox¿sf] cfjZostf x'G5

sDkgLsf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;kmn tTjx¿df Joj;fosf] gd"gf Pp6f ;fdfGo pbfx/0f xf] . o;n] Jofj;flos cy{tGqsf] s]Gb|Lo k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbG5 . o;n] bz{g, nIox¿, /0fgLltx¿, of]hgfx¿ / tYofÍx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ub{5 / cfsl:dstfsf] lglDt klg tof/L x'g ;xfotf u5{ . Joj;fosf] gd"gfn] xfdLnfO{ lg0f{ox¿ ug{ r'gf}tL lbG5 . ;kmn gd"gfx¿ tfls{s / ;+of]lht lg0f{ox¿sf] of]udf cfwfl/t ePsf] x'G5 . oL lg0f{ox¿n] ls t ;d[l4 / pkof]lutf ;[hgf ub{5g\ ls ltgLx¿nfO{ gi6 ub{5g\ . oxLFlg/, oxL laGb'df, pBdzLntfsf] :jtGqtf / lhDd]jf/L ;'? x'G5 .

bz cf1fn] lg0f{ox¿sf] dfu ub{5g\

afOansf bz cf1fn] klg xfdLnfO{ lg0f{o ug{sf] lglDt r'gf}tL lbG5g\ . logLx¿dWo] s]xL x7L / pQ]hs h:tf b]lvG5g\ t/ ltgLx¿ cy{k"0f{ 5g\ / ltgLx¿df dgg\\ ug'{ pkof]uL x'G5 . klxnf] cf1f xf], æltdLx¿n] d afx]s c¿ s'g] b]jL b]jtfnfO{ gk'Hg" .Æ of] cf1feGbf 7Ls cufl8 k/d]Zj/n] ;a} zlQm cfˆgf] ePsf] bfjL ug{'ePsf] 5 . cGtt, xfd|f lg0f{ox¿sf lglDt xfdLn] pxfFnfO{ hjfkm lbg' kb{5 . hjfkmb]lxtfsf] af/]df of] ;f]rfO dfqn] klg pBdzLntfsf lg0f{ox¿sf] u'0f:t/nfO{ Jofks ¿kdf k|efj kfg{ ;Sb5 .

cfk"mn] u/]sf lg0f{ox¿k|lt d s;nfO{ hjfkm lbg rfxG5' <

o;df 5gf]6 d]/f] xf] . of] pBdzLntfsf] :jtGqtf xf] . Ps pBdLsf] nflu of] cflzif\ / >fk b'j} xf] . lg0f{ox¿sf] d"NofÍg ug]{ a]nfdf w]/} pBdL / Joj:yfksx¿n] of t cfkm}FnfO{ jf sDkgLsf] d"No j[l4nfO{ dfq} dfkb08sf] ¿kdf lnG5g\ . o:tf pBdLx¿ :jlgld{t O{Zj/x¿ x'g\ . ltgLx¿sf] b[li6sf]0f cx+sf/L / ;Lldt t'Nofpg] b'j} x'G5 . pBdLx¿n] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf Pp6f bIf clwsf/L ;dfj]z u/fpg'kb{5, Pp6f o:tf] clVtof/ k|fKt lgsfo h;k|lt pgLx¿ hjfkmb]xL aGg'kb{5 . o; k|sf/n] hjfkmb]xL x'g'n] g}lts sfo{x¿sf] u'0f:t/nfO{ :jtM j[l4 u/fpFb5 olb ;xL k/fdz{bftfx¿ / ;fem]bf/x¿ 5gf]6 ul/Psf 5g\ eg] . lg0f{odf k|efj kfg{ rfxg] dflg;x¿ pBdLx¿sf] sfgdf sfg] v';L ub}{ htftt} n's]/ a;]sf x'G5g\ . ;fob slxn] sxL++ pgLx¿ d"Nojfg k/fdz{bftf aGnfg\, t/ k|foM pgLx¿n] cj/f]w u5{g\ / k|nf]egdf k'¥ofpF5g\ .

Pshgf ldqn] dnfO{ s;/L kj{tf/f]x0f ug{ l;sfP

h;} tkfO{+++ tnsf oL s'/fx¿nfO{ k9\g'x'G5 tkfO{++n] Pp6f c;n k/fdz{bftfn] s] ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg'x'g]5 . d hjfg x'Fbf d]/f] Pshgf ;fyL lyP, h;n] d leq cfkmF} k"0f{ ¿kdf cgle1 ePsf] s]xL Ifdtfx¿ ddf 5g\ eGg] s'/f b]v]sf lyP . ljBfyL{sf] ¿kdf d k"0f{tof sf]/f lyPF / ddf yf]/} dfq cfTd–;Ddfg lyof] . d]/f] afNosfndf d]/f a'af cfdfn] cfˆgf] Joj;fo / ;a} hfoh]yf u'dfPsf lyP . To;sf], nuQ} kl5 d]/L cfdf laTg'eof] / d k"0f{ ¿kdf cfˆg} v'§fdf pleg' k/]sf] lyof] . ;fKtflxs ljbf / cGo ljbfx¿df sfd ub}{ d cfˆgf] z}lIfs vr{ h'6fpg] ub{y]F . k|lts"n cj:yfn] d]/f ;Defjgfx¿ ;Lldt kfl/lbPsf] lyof], ;f}efUojz d]/f ldqn] oL ;Lldttfx¿nfO{ b]v]gg\ jf oL s'/fx¿n] pgnfO{ s]xL klg c;/ kf/]gg\ . ;aeGbf a9L t pgn] dleq ePsf ;DefjgfnfO{ u|x0f u/] / dnfO{ kj{t cf/f]x0f ug{ cfu|x u/] . pgn] dnfO{ Jofj;flos tl/sfn] kj{tf/f]x0f ug{ l;sfP . d}n] ;–;fgf kfOnfx¿ rfNb}, ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s b'j} ¿kdf r§fgx¿, 8f]/L / lbzf;"rs oGqx¿ ;DxfNg l;s]F . x/]s s'/f of]hgfa4 ¿kdf ul/of] . le/fnf] r§fg cf/f]x0f ug]{ qmddf Pp6f ;fgf] uNtLn] klg Tof] 8f]/Ldf e/ k/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;d"xnfO{ d[To'lt/ 8f]¥ofpg ;SbYof] . kj{tf/f]xLsf] ¿kdf tflnd lng] qmddf, d}n] cufl8 x]g{ / eodfly ljho k|fKt ug{ l;s]sf] lyPF . log} ljz]iftfx¿ g} kl5 hLjgdf Joj:yfkgsf pTs[i6 cf}hf/x¿sf ¿kdf k|dfl0ft eP . ;–;fgf kj{tx¿ cf/f]x0f ug{ tflnd lnPkl5, xfdLn] cUnf kxf8x¿ r9\g yfNof}F .

s}of}F k6s r'r'/f]df k'Ugsf] nflu eo+s/ 7"nf lxdklx/fx¿ kf/ ug'{ kb{Yof] . d}n] lxpF sf6\g] aGr/f], 8f]/L / lbzf;"rs oGq nufot rlDsnf] 3fd / x':;''x¿ ;xL tl/sfn] ;DxfNg l;Sg' k/]sf] lyof] . olb af6f] Psbd} vt/gfs jf vt/f Psbd} 7'nf] nfu]df ;a}eGbf sl7g s'/f] rflxF r'r'/f]df k'Ug'eGbf cufl8 g} kms{g afWo x'g' lyof] . To;f] eP tfklg of] klg tflndsf] Pp6f lx:;f lyof] . clwsf+z ;dodf xfdL xfd|f] nIodf k'Ug ;kmn x'GYof}F / r'r'/f]df k'Ubfsf] cg'ejsf] cfgGb lnPsf lyof}F . æxfdLn] Tolt s7f]/ kl/>dkZrft k|fKt u/]sf] ljhosf Ogfdx¿ eg]sf xfdLn] nIo k"/f u/]/ kfPsf] ;Gt'li6, Psfu| eP/ k|s[ltsf] ;'Gb/tfdf dUg x'g] / ToxfF k'Ug] x¿sf] ;fd"lxs 3lgi7tfsf efjx¿ g} lyP .Æ o;/L w]/} jif{;Ddsf] kj{tf/f]x0f / w]/} ;fgf tyf 7"nf ofqf k"/f ul/;s]kl5 xfdL o'/f]k dxfb]zsf] ;aeGbf cUnf] kj{t df]G6 ANof+ssf] r'r'/f]df k'Uof}F . Tof] Ps clj:d/0fLo cg'ej lyof] . d}n] Tof] k"/f u/]sf] lyPF . d]/f ;a} ;Lldttfsf] afah'b klg d ToxfF k'u]sf] lyPF .

kj{tx¿df latfPsf jif{x¿n] ddf w]/} cGt/b[li6x¿ pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ / d}n] ltgLx¿nfO{ pBdzLntfsf w]/} uf]i7Lx¿df / w]/} k/fdz{sf sIffx¿df JofVof u/]sf]] 5' / k|of]u u/]sf] 5' . sDkgLnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s Joj:yfkg ug{ ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kf7 d}n] kjt{x¿df l;s]sf] lyPF . d}n] ;Lldttfx¿dfly ljho kfpg, ;'Gb/tfsf] cfgGb lng, hjfkmb]lxtf / cfb/sf] efjgf ljsf; ug{ l;s]sf] lyPF .

l;sfO k|lqmofdf xfdLn] of] klg l;Sof}F ls r'r'/f]df k'u]/ dfq} kj{t cf/f]x0fsf] ofqf cGTo x'Fb}g lsgls kj{t cjt/0f ubf{sf vt/f klg kf/ u/]/ cfpg'k5{ . k|foM cf]n{g'rflxF pSng'eGbf w]/} vt/gfs x'g] ub{5 t/ o;nfO{ klg kf/ ug}{k5{ . ha xfdL cfˆgf] sfd l;WofP/ xfdL 3/ k'u]/ cfˆgf lk|ohgx¿sf] afx'nLdf x'G5f}F, / cfˆgf ljZjfl;nf ldqx¿;Fu cfgGbk"j{s cfˆgf cg'ejx¿ afF8\b5f}F, ta dfq} xfd|f] nIo k"/fePsf] x'G5 .

pBdLsf] kj{t ofqf

ca xfdL pBdzLntfsf] kj{t ofqf ;'? ug]{5f}F . of] sxfFaf6 ;'? x'G5 t < s] of] a}Fssf k|To]s sd{rf/LnfO{ ljZj:t kfg]{ l;4 of]hgfaf6 ;'? x'G5 xf] < s] of] sNkgfnfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] cfsif{s ljrf/ jf bz{gaf6 ;'? x'G5 < s] of] dnfO{ pQd tl/sfn] sfd ug{ emsemSofO/xg] r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{af6 ;'? x'G5 < cgluGtL sDkgLx¿sf] :yfkgf / lj:tf/ ug{df ;fy} /xg] qmddf d Pp6f leGb} lgisif{df cfOk'u]sf] 5' .

clwsf+z sDkgLx¿sf] k|f/Desf] r/0fdf ;dfwfg ul/g' kg]{ Pp6f ;d:of x'G5, h:t} a]/f]huf/L . oxfFlg/ d /f]dflgofsf Ps hjfg OlGhlgo/sf] :d/0f ug{ rfxG5' h;n] d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g kZrft cfˆgf] /f]huf/ u'dfpg'k/]sf] lyof] / ;ft hgf kl/jf/sf] lglDt ef]hg h'6fpgnfO{ ;+3if{ ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . jiff}{+kl5 pgL o:tf] kf:tf ˆofS6«Lsf] dflns ag] h;n] ;oeGbf a9L sfdbf/nfO{ /f]huf/ lbPsf] lyof] . cyjf d l:j6\h/Nof08sf] kj{tLo pkTosfaf6 cfPsf Pshgf bIf l;sdL{sf] af/]df ;f]Rb5' h;n] cfw'lgs ;fwgx¿ ePsf Joj;foL;Fu k|lt:kwf{sf] l;nl;nfdf cfˆgf] w]/} d'gfkmf u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] . Tof] ahf/df k|lt:kwL{{af6 xflg a]xf]/]kl5, clxn] pgL cToGt} wgL ju{nfO{ nlIft ul/Psf] ljZjJofkL ahf/df Jofkf/ u5{g\ .

cyjf d /f]dflgofsf] Pshgf ld:qLsf] af/]df ;f]Rb5' h;n] sfk{lyPg kj{tsf] af6f]df ofqf ug]{ qmddf Pshgf k"/fgf ldqnfO{ e]6] h;n] pgL;Fu, æxfdLnfO{ tkfO{++sf] vfFrf] 5, xfd|f] ufpFdf xfd|f] lglDt /f]huf/ ;[hgf ul/lbg'xf];\Æ eGg] k|:tfj /fv] . cfh pgn] Tof] ufpFdf Pp6f oGqzfnf ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ h;n] pQ/L ;d'b|sf] dT:okfng pBf]usf] lglDt wft'sf ;fdfg pTkfbg ub{5 . o;/L pgn] Tof] b'u{d ufpFdf w]/} sfdbf/x¿sf lglDt cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] hLljsf]kfh{g;lxt pHhjn eljio lgdf{0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOlbPsf 5g\ .

clwsf+z dflg;x¿n] ;d:ofx¿nfO{ 3[0ff ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] tL ;d:ofx¿nfO{ lal;{lbg rfxG5g\ . o:tf dflg;x¿n] ;d:ofx¿ cfkmF} ;dfwfg eP/ hfpmg\\ cyjf c¿ s;}n] ;dfwfg ul/b]cf];\ eGg] cfzf ub{5g\ . cyjf pgLx¿ ;d:ofaf6 klG5g] jf ltgnfO{ pl5Gg] k|of; ub{5g\ . To;kl5 pgLx¿ lsg k6s–k6s ltg} ;d:ofx¿ cfOk5{g\ eg]/ 5Ss k5{g\ . pgLx¿n] tL ;d:ofaf6 gl;s]/ af/Daf/ ToxL uNtL bf]xf]¥ofO/x]sf x'G5g\ . ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug'{kbf{ s]xL dflg;x¿ ctflnG5g\ / s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿ cj?4 x'gk'U5g\, clg tfls{s / /rgfTds tl/sfn] ;f]Rg ;Sb}gg\, / oxL sf/0f ;f]xLcg'¿k sfo{ ug{ c;dy{ x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿ cfktsfnLg a|]s nufO/fv]/ xfFlsg] pRr k|ljlwsf sf/x¿ h:t} x'g\ . ltgLx¿sf hLjgsf] x/]s s'/f k6\of/nfUbf], sl7g, zlQm gi6 ug]{ / lg/fzfhgs x'G5g\ . To;kl5 To:tf JolQmx¿ x'G5g\ hf] x/]s k|sf/sf kl/jt{gb]lv eoeLt x'G5g, pgLx¿sf] dfGotdf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] kl/jt{geGbf a? si6 ef]Ug' g} plrt x'G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ c1ft s'/fsf] 8/n] c;dy{ t'NofpF5 / unfpF5 .

;d:ofx¿ cj;/x¿ x'g\

b'Mv nfUbf] s'/f, clwsf+z dflg;x¿sf] dfgl;stf o:tf] x'G5 h;n] pgLx¿sf] JolQmut / ;fdflhs ljsf;df afwf lbG5 . pBdzLntfsf] ;f]rfO cfwf/e"t ¿kdf leGg x'G5 . o;n] ;d:ofx¿nfO{ cj;/ sf] ¿kdf x]b{5 . o;n] kl/jt{gnfO{ gofF s'/f ;[hgf ug]{ ;'gf}nf] cj;/sf] ¿kdf lnFb5 . oxL sf/0f, d}n] pBdzLntfsf d]/f clwsf+z uf]i7Lx¿ of] rLlgofF cIf/sf] af/]df lrGtg ub}{ ;'? ug]{u/]sf] 5' .

of] cIf/sf] cy{ æ;d:ofÆ xf] / o;sf b'O{j6f kf6f 5g\M klxnf] kf6f]n] vt/f / ;+s6nfO{ hgfpFb5, eg] bf];|f] kf6f]n] ;d:ofdf lglxt ;DefJotf / cj;/lt/ xfd|f] Wofg cfsif{0f ub{5 . o;n] cfnª\sfl/s ¿kdf xfd|f] dfgl;stfnfO{ hgfpF5 .

• s] d To:tf dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xdf kb{5' hf] ;+s6df km;]sf 5g\ / 8/af6 cj?4 ePsf 5g\ <
• cyjf s] d Psbd} cfzfjfbL dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xdf kb{5' h;n] s'g} vt/f b]Vb}b]Vb}gg\ <
• cyjf s] d To:tf dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xdf kb{5' h;n] oyfy{ ¿kdf vt/fx¿nfO{ klxrfg ub{5g\ t/ tTsfn} To;df lglxt cj;/x¿df Wofg s]lGb|t ub{5g\ <

pBdzLntfsf] dfgl;stfn] t];|f] ljsNknfO{ dfq :jLsf/ ub{5 . b'ef{Uojz, yf]/} dflg;x¿dfq oyfy{k/s cj;/x¿nfO{ kqmg ;Sg] Ifdtf lnP/ hlGdPsf x'G5g\ . clg of] Ifdtf ePsfx¿dWo]n] klg o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9Ën] k|of]u ub}{gg\ . ug'{kg]{ Psbd} cfjZos s'/f klg dflg;x¿n] lsg ub}{gg\ eGg]af/]df bzj6f sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . clxn] rflxF xfdL ;d:ofdf s]lGb|t x'g] / cj;/df s]lGb|t x'g] JolQmsf] af/]df ljrf/ u/f}F . uDeL/ :jefjsf w]/} dflg;x¿ :jfefljs ¿kd} ;d:ofx¿df s]lGb|t x'G5g\ . :jfefljs ¿kd} ltgLx¿ ;d:ofx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ ub{5g\ / sl7gfOx¿ b]Vg] ub{5g\ . ;d:ofx¿df s]lGb|t x'g] dflg;x¿sf w]/} ax'd"No ljrf/x¿ kl/kSj gx'Fb}df d[t x'g' / slxNo} klg sfof{Gjog gx'g'sf] sf/0f oxL xf] . ;Defljt ;d:ofx¿sf] sNkgf dfq ugf{n] k|f/lDes /rgfTds zlQmnfO{ s'Fhf] agfOlbG5 .

tyflk, xfdL csf]{ k|j[lQ;Fu klg kl/lrt 5f}FM To:tf dflg;x¿ hf] ;[hgfTds zlQmn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf gofF ljrf/ / bz{gx¿sf] ljsf; ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . b'ef{Uojz, w]/} s'/fx¿ Ps;fy ug]{ rfxgf ugf{n] jf w]/} s'/fdf dg nufpgfn] / k|nf]egdf kgf{n] pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] zlQm u'dfpFb5g\ .

s;}n] cfˆgf] JolQmTjsf] agfj6 s:tf] 5 eg]/ klxrfg ug{ / a'‰g P]gfdf x]g{' pkof]uL x'G5 . ljleGg JolQmTj z}nL ePsf dflg;x¿;Fu ;Ëtsf] cg'ejn] d}n] oL s'/f a'em]sf] 5'M xfdL s:tf 5f}F, Tof] Tolt dxTjk"0f{ 5}g, t/ xfdL s:tf aGb}5f}F Tof] w]/} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . slxn]sxL+F xfdL cfˆg} k|oTgåf/f kl/jt{g x'g ;Ifd x'g ;S5f}F xf]nf . t/ Tof]eGbf w]/} dfqfdf olb xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ df}sf lbof}F eg] xfdL c¿x¿af6 w]/} k|efljt ePsf x'G5f}F .

Tof] 5gf]6 d]/f] xf] . s] d :jo+n] cfk"mnfO{ ckl/jt{gLo, ¿kdf k"0f{ ljsl;t eO{;s]sf], / dxfg\ pknAwL k|fKt ug{ c;Ifd JolQmsf] ¿kdf ljrf/ u5{' < To;f] xf] eg] d}n] pBdzLntdf xft} gxfn] x'G5 . pBdzLntfsf] cy{ lg/Gt/ kl/jt{g eO/xg', cem} ljsl;t x'g' / gofF tl/sfn] ;[li6 ug'{ xf] . xfd|f] x]/fO l;w}F cufl8 x'g' kb{5 . c;n va/ of] 5 ls, o;nfO{ l;Sg ;lsG5 . of] ;Dej 5, / of] :jtGqtf lbnfpg] k|sf/sf] 5 . v]nf8Lsf] u'0f gePsf] Ps ljBfyL{sf] ¿kdf d]/f] cfˆg} JolQmut cg'ejsf] af/]df ;f]rf}F . d]/f] dg kg]{ lqmofsnfk eg]sf] ;d:ox¿dfly 3f]lTn/xg' lyof] . s7f]/ oyfy{nfO{ ;xg ;Ifd x'gsf] nflu d sfNklgs ;+;f/df efUg] ub{y]F . d]/f] ;f]rfOdf df]G6 ANof+s kj{tdfly af6sf] pRr b[li6sf]0fsf] lglDt 7fpF lyPg . To:tf k|sf/sf pknAwLx¿ d}n] sNkgf ug{ jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] s'/feGbf k/ lyP . tyflk, Pp6f kl/jt{g ;Dej lyof] . d}n] Tof] kl/jt{g x'g lbPF . cfˆgf] PSnf]kgaf6 efUg] rfxgf /fVb} ;d'bfosf] lgldQ Pp6f ulx/f] rfxgf /fv]/ d}n] cfˆgf] hLjgdf ;sf/fTds tl/sfn] k|efj kfg{sf] lglDt d]/f] ldqnfO{ cg'dlt lbPF . ;DejtM pgn] d leq s] s'/fnfO{ Ao'FemfOlbP eGg] s'/f pgnfO{ x]Ssf ePgxf]nf . tfklg, To;sf kl/0ffdx¿ cfhsf] lbg;Dd :yfoL / hLjg kl/jt{g ug]{ k|sf/sf /lxcfPsf 5g\ .

k/d]Zj/k|lt d]/f] lg0f{o

of] 36gfsf]] Oltxf;sf] ;Gbe{ klg d}n] tkfO{+++nfO{ atfpg} k5{ . dnfO{ kj{t r9\g l;sfpg] ldqnfO{ e]6\g' eGbf s]xL ;do cufl8, d}n] csf]{ Ps hgf JolQmnfO{ e]6]sf] lyPF . cgk]lIft ¿kdf, Pshgf hjfg dflg;n] ;8sdf dnfO{ e]6] . pgn] d;Fu k/d]Zj/sf] af/]df s'/f ug{ rfx] . x'g t dnfO{ k/d]Zj/ x'g'x'G5 eGg] yfxf lyof] . cflv/ d Ps O;fO{ kl/jf/df x's]{sf] lyPF . To;f] eP tfklg tL JolQm;Fu s'/f ug]{ qmddf, d}n] d]/f] hLjgdf klxnf] k6s k/d]Zj/ d08nLsf cUnf–cUnf ejgx¿df eGbf Ps–Ps JolQmdf a9\tf ?lr /fVg'x'G5 eGg] s'/f a'em]F . To;kl5 d}n] dflg; / k/d]Zj/ aLrsf] JolQmut ;DaGw o]z" v|Li6åf/f ;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f a'em]F . d}n] of] klg yfxf kfPF ls of] s'/f d]/f] cfˆgf] :j}lR5s lg0f{on] dfq ;Dej /x]5 . km]l/ klg d}n] lg0f{o ug'{k/]sf] cj:yfsf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . ;f}efUojz, d}n] k/d]Zj/;Fusf] ;Ëltdf lxF8\g] 5gf]6 u/]F . o;sf] cy{ s] lyof] t < o;sf] cy{ of] lyof] ls k|fy{gfåf/f d}n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;a} k|Zgx¿ / ;d:ofx¿ atfpg ;Sy]F / ;xfotfsf] lglDt pxfF;Fu ljlGt ug{ ;Sy]F . ToxLb]lv g} d}n] of] sfd w]/} k6s u/]sf] 5', cfh w]/} bzskl5 klg d o;f] ug]{u5{' . lsg < lsgeg] o;n] sfd u5{ . k/d]Zj/ d[t x'g'x'Gg . pxfF hLljt x'g'x'G5, hLjgsf x/]s s'/fx¿df d]/f] ;fy lbgdf / dnfO{ 8f]¥ofpgdf cfgGb lng'x'G5 . sltko ;dodf xfd|f] lglDt pxfFsf] ;xfotf :ki6 ¿kdf a'‰g ;lsFb}g jf xfd|f] cfFvfn] k|ToIf b]Vg ;d]t ;lsFb}g . of] klg d]/f] lglDt Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ a'emfO lyof] . k/d]Zj/n] cfˆg} ;do tflnsf / tl/sfcg';f/ dflg;x¿sf] hLjgdf sfd ug{'x'G5 / x:tIf]k ug{'x'G5 . Tof] ;dodf pxfFn] d]/f] hLjgdf Ps c;n ldq j/bfgsf] ¿kdf lbg'eof] . oL ldqn] dnfO{ tLg jif{;Dd pkrf/ u/]], s'g} pkrf/ sIfdf xf]Og, t/ aflx/ k|s[ltdf, kj{tx¿ r9\g] cgluGtL kbofqfsf] qmddf . Tof] pkrf/sf] qmddf d}n] bIf tl/sfx¿ nfu" ug{ / To;/L hf]lvdx¿ Go"gLs/0f ug{ l;s]F . d}n] 8/sf] ;fdgf ug{ / To;dfly ljho k|fKt ug{ l;s]F . d}n] ;–;fgf sbd ub}{ ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ l;s]F . d}n] cufl8 x]g{ l;s]F . dxTjk"0f{ sfd ug]{ ;dodf d}n] s;} jf s]xLåf/f klg d]/f] Wofg eË x'g glbO{ Psfu| eO{ nflu/xg l;s]F . d}n] cfkm}Fdf, ldqx¿df / k/d]Zj/df e/f];f ug{ l;s]F . d}n] pknlAwx¿df cfgGb lng l;s]F+ / c¿x¿nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg l;s]F . slxn]sxL+F xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbg] ldqsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . slxn] sxL+F xfdL c¿sf] lglDt ldq alglbg' k5{ cyjf ldq aGg ;S5f}F .

pBdzLntfsf] of] cfofdn] ;[li6stf{k|lt dleq ulx/f] cfb/ hufof] / pxfFn] dnfO{ k|]d ug'{ePsf] 5 eGg] lgZrotf lbnfof] . Tof] qmd cfh klg hf/L 5 . x/]s dxTjk"0f{ pBd k/d]Zj/;Fu aftlrt u/]/ ;'? x'g] ub{5g\ . d pxfFn] d]/f] lglDt d]/f] sfd ul/lbg'ePsf] xf];\ eGg] ck]Iff ulb{gF, lsgls Tof] sfd ug{ pxfFn] dnfO{ Ifdtfx¿ / ;DefJotfx¿ lbg'ePsf] 5, t/ pxfFn] dnfO{ ;xL lg0f{o ug]{ 1fg / cb[Zo s'/fx¿sf] lglDt b[li6sf]0f lbg'ePsf] xf];\ egL ck]Iff ub{5' . d :jtM :ki6 s'/fx¿df Tolt ?lr /flVbgF, hlt d kl/of]hgf, ;+:yfx¿ / dflg;x¿sf ;DefJotfdf ?lr /fVb5' .

bz axfgfx¿

clwsf+z ;dodf dxfg\ kl/jt{gx¿ ;d:ofx¿ kf/ eP/ b]vf k/]sf x'G5g\ . ljsl;t /fi6«x¿df ;[hgfTds sfo{df sdL cfpg'sf] Pp6f sf/0f of] x'g ;Sb5 . lsgls ToxfF yk ljsl;t x'g / kl/jt{g x'gsf] nflu vf;} bafj g} x'Fb}g .

dxTjk"0f{ jf cTofjZos s'/fx¿ gul/g'sf bzj6f sf/0fx¿ 5g\ M

!= cflv/ o;n] sfd ub}{g .

@= d of] ug{ ;lSbgF .

#= d}n] ug'{eGbf cufl8 g} / d}n] ;Sg]eGbf a9L /fd|f] u/L c¿x¿n] of] ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

$= of] Psbd} hl6n 5 .

%= of] Psbd} hf]lvdk"0f{ 5 .

^= of] c;Dej 5 .

&= o;sf] lglDt ;do cem} pko'Qm ePsf] 5}g .

*= of] sfd ug{sf] lglDt d;Fu k};f 5}g .

(= d]/f] af/]df c¿x¿n] s] ;f]Rnfg\ <

!)= cflv/ o;sf] cf}lrTo s] xf]nf / <

oL bzj6} sf/0fx¿ unt 5g\ . oL em'6x¿ x'g\ . logLx¿ vt/gfs afwf / k/LIffdf kfg]{ s'/fx¿ x'g\ . olb d s'g} s'/fk|lt ;fFrf] ¿kdf pT;fxL / ljZj:t 5' eg], ;a}eGbf sl7g cj/f]wx¿ klg cfF6 ug{ ;lsg] r'gf}tL aGb5g\ . pT;fx / lgZrotf Pp6f ljrf/ dfq}eGbf w]/} 7"nf s'/f x'g\ . o:tf u'0fx¿ s'g} k|sf/sf] ;d:of pGd"ng ug]{, cGofosf] lj?4 n8\g] jf rfxgf k"/f ug]{ OR5fåf/f ag]sf x'G5g\ . o; k|sf/n] Åbo :kz{ x'g] jf k]|/0ff kfpg] sfd k|foh;f] k/d]Zj/;Fusf] ulx/f] ;Ëltaf6 ljsl;t ePsf] x'G5 . clwsf+z ;dodf of] lrGtg–dgg\ / k|Zg ;f]Wg] ;fd"lxs k|lqmofsf] kl/0ffd x'G5 . d of] k|lqmofnfO{ RofTg g;lsg] u/L a'g]sf] Pp6f alnof] n'uf;Fu t'ngf ug{ rfxG5' . of] 7f8f] / t];f]{ wfuf]x¿nfO{ a'g]/ ag]sf] x'G5 . k|efjsf/L bz{g / sfo{x¿ o;/L g} ag]sf x'G5g\ . t];f{] cfofdn] dfgjLo ;f]Rg] tl/sf / bIf ljlwx¿sf] k|of]unfO{ lrq0f ub{5 eg] 7f8f] cfofdn] rflxF cflTds cfofdsf] k|lltgLwTj ub{5, h;åf/f xfdL k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fnfO{ xfd|f] Jojxf/df ptfb{5f}F . tn xfdL d'Vo u/]/ bIf ljlwx¿, cf}hf/x¿ / Jojxf/x¿sf] af/]df s]lGb|t x'g]5f}F .

k|l;4 Jofkf/ k/fdz{bftf 8f= ?8f]Nkm :gfO8/ ef]g jf/6]G;]n] dflg;x¿n] ;f]Rg] ljleGg tl/sfn] lgDgfg';f/ ;f/f+lzt u/]sf 5g\M

æs'g} s'/fnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg]{ JolQmx¿ ;w}FF yf]/} x'g] ub{5g\,

t/ s] eO/x]sf] 5 eg]/ cjnf]sg ug]{x¿ w]/} x'G5g\,

/ 7'nf] eL8n] rflxF s] eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f a'em]sf x'Fb}gg\ .Æ

s'g} s'/f ;fsf/ kfg]{ tL yf]/} JolQmx¿ g} ;fFrf] pBdLx¿ x'g\ . pgLx¿n] ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;fdfGo s'/f / Pp6f r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ dx;'; ub{5g\, cfˆgf ljrf/x¿nfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbG5g\ / sfof{Gjog ub{5g\ . To;f] ug{] qmddf, pgLx¿n] c¿nfO{ klg k|efj kfb{5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ cfk"m;Fu} cl3 a9fpFb5g\ .

bf];|f] ljZjo'4tfsf a]nfotsf k|wfgdGqL ljG:6g rlr{nn] klg ToxL ljrf/nfO{ o;/L JoQm u/]sf 5g\M æs;}n] pBdLnfO{ n'tf] nfu]sf] AjfF;f]sf] ¿kdf ;f]Rb5g\ h;nfO{ d/0ff;Gg x'g] u/L lk6\g' kb{5, c¿x¿n] p;nfO{ Pp6f ufO{sf] ¿kdf ;f]Rb5g\ h;nfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf b'x'g' kb{5, yf]/} dflg;x¿n] dfq} p;nfO{ aUuL tflg/x]sf] 3f]8fsf] ¿kdf x]b{5g\ .Æ

/ldtf dfq} x]g]{x¿sf] eL8 vt/gfs x'G5 . ltgLx¿n] x/]s uNtL kQf nufpFb5g\ / s7f]/ cfnf]rgf ub{5g\ . ltgLx¿n] ;w}FF lsg s'g} s'/fn] sfd ub}{g eGg] hfGb5g\, t/ s'g} ;xfotf pknAw u/fpFb}gg\ .

s] eO/x]sf] 5 eg]/ s]xL klg yfxf gkfpg] eL8 cN5L eL8 xf] . of] eL8nfO{ Ao'Femfpg' k5{ / o;nfO{ hfgsf/L dfu{bz{g / g]t[Tj pknAw u/fpg' k5{ .

km]l/ xfdLn] lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . xfdL s'g ;d"xdf /xg rfxG5f}F < cfk"mn] rfx]sf] ;d"xdf /xg cfk"mnfO{ of]Uo k|dfl0ft ug{ clxn] d}n] s] ul//x]sf] 5' <

tkfO{+++n] b]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 ls d]/f ljZn]if0fsf x/]s tTjx¿n] Pp6f lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ jf sfo{ ug'{kg]{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ lsgls o;n] :jfefljs ultzLntflt/ 8f]¥ofpFb5 . of] s'/f d}n] kj{t r9\g] qmddf l;s]sf] lyPF . kj{tf/f]xLsf] b[li6 ;w}FF leQfsf] -r§fgsf]_ csf]{ kqmg] 7fpFdf s]lGb|t ePsf] x'GYof] .

;xL lg0f{o ug{sf] nflu klg l;Sg' g} kb{5 . lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] kl/lwleq w]/} hf]lvd df]Ng] / sfFt/sf] ;Ldfgf x'G5 . b'j} ;dfg ¿kdf vt/gfs x'G5g\ . w]/} hf]lvd df]Ng] ;Ldfgfleq k|fKt ePsf hfgsf/L Tolt e/kbf{ x'Fb}gg\, t/ ToxfF w]/} ;Defjgfx¿ x'G5g\ . of] ;Ldfgfleqsf] lg0f{o k|foM xtf/df ul/Psf] x'G5 .

kl5 uP/, o:tf k|sf/sf lg0f{ox¿n] gofF ;d:ofx¿ NofOlbG5g\ / 3f6fdf k'¥ofOlbG5g\ . w]/} dfqfdf cgfjZos tgfj / g}/fZo pTkGg u/fOlbG5g\ . csf]{tkm{, sfFt/sf ;Ldfgfleq w]/} hfgsf/Lx¿ pknAw x'G5g\, t/ lg0f{o ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ cu|;fl/tf u'd]sf] x'G5 . o;/L, xfdL c¿x¿af6 lgolGqt ePsf x'gk'U5f}F / cfkm}Fn] lg0f{o lng] Ifdtf u'dfpg k'U5f}F . ;xL lg0f{o k|lqmofdf xfdL g0f{o ug]{ ;do v]/ gkmfnL xfdL;Fu rflxg] k|of{Kt / e/kbf]{ hfgsf/L 5 eg]/ ;'lglZrt ub{5f}F .

;fd"lxs ¿kdf :jf]6 (SWOT) ljZn]if0f ul/Pdf o;n] ;aeGbf pQd kl/0ffd lbG5 . Psftkm{ of] ljZn]if0fn] cl:tTjdf /x]sf jf of]hgf ul/Psf ;+:yfx¿sf] ;an kIf / b'a{n kIfcg';f/ d"NofÍg ub{5 eg] csf]{tkm{ o;n] gofF ;Defjgfsf] vf]hL / o;df lglxt hf]lvdx¿sf] vf]hL ub}{ gofF jftfj/0fnfO{ lgofNb5 . k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/Ln] nlIft dfkb08 jf Jofj;flos of]hgfsf] lglDt bl/nf] cfwf/ v8f ul/lbG5 . oxfF;Dd cfOk'Ubf pBdLn] cfˆgf] JolQmTj z}nLsf] sf/0f csf]{ vt/fsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] x'G5M cfk"mnfO{ dg kg]{ s'/f dfq} b]Vg] p;sf] k|j[lQ . :jf]6 (SWOT) ljZn]if0f ug]{ qmddf s]xL pBdLx¿n] d'Vo u/]/ ;an kIfx¿df dfq} s]lGb|t x'G5g\ / b'a{n kIfx¿nfO{ a]jf:tf ul/lbG5g\ . o;n] cfˆgf] ;fdYo{sf] a9L g} pRr d"NofÍg, jf:tljstfk|ltsf] e|d / unt lg0f{ox¿lt/ 8f]¥ofpF5 .

c¿ sltko pBdLx¿ cfˆg} sdhf]/Lx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{ kbf{ pgLx¿sf] xf];xjf; p8\5\ / kl/jt{g x'g ;lsG5 eGg] cfTdansf] sdL x'G5 . o:tf pBdLx¿ cfˆgf] ljrf/nfO{ c¿x¿n] ;kmntfk"j{s sfof{Gjog u/]sf] b]Vbf ;w}FF cfZro{df kg]{ ub{5g\ .

To;kl5 bz{g b]Vg]x¿sf] Pp6f ;d"x klg 5 . pgLx¿ lg/Gt/ eljiosf] of]hgf agfpgd} Jo:t x'G5g\ / x/]s ;Defljt cj;/x¿nfO{ kqmg] k|of; ub{5g\ . o;f] ugf{n] ltgLx¿df 7'nf] tgfj k}bf x'G5 . ltgLx¿ ;w}FF ljleGg kl/of]hgfx¿df xft xfNb} otf / ptf xfdkmfNb5g\ . cGTodf tL s'g} s'/fdf klg ;kmntf kfpFb}gg\ lsgeg] ltgLx¿sf] dg l:y/ x'Fb}g . ltgLx¿df dxTjk"0f{ s'/fdf nflu/xg] Ifdtfsf] cefj x'G5 .

cGTodf, lg/Gt/ ljZn]if0f ug]{x¿sf] csf]{ ;d"x klg 5 . pgLx¿n] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f ug{df olt w]/} ;do ;do vr{ u/]sf x'G5g\ ls ltgLx¿sf ljsNkx¿ x/fP/ hfG5g\ jf c¿x¿n] g} ltgLx¿sf] ljrf/nfO{ nfu" u5{g\ . clGtd ljZn]if0fdf dfq} oL dflg;x¿n] cfˆgf kl/of]hgfx¿ c;kmn x'g'sf] sf/0f :ki6 ¿kdf yfxf kfpFb5g\ .

d tkfO{++sf] s'/f a'‰5' . of] ;/nLs[t ul/Psf] ljleGg JolQmTj z}nLx¿sf] Pp6f a9fOr9fO k|:t'lt dfq} xf] . oyfy{df, o:tf z}nLsf JolQmx¿ lj/n} dfq kfOG5g\, t/ logLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ k|j[lQx¿ a'‰g, cfkm}Fk|lt lkm:; xfF:g, / h] cfjZos 5 Tof] sfd ug{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpF5g\ .

of] laGb'df d x/]s pBdLx¿nfO{ cfkm}FnfO{ P]gfdf x]g{ / cfˆgf] JolQmTj z}nLsf] af/]df dgg\ ug{ ;'emfj lbG5' . of] kl/k]|Iodf cfˆgf] JolQmTjsf] k|sf/sf] ljj/0f ;[hgf ubf{ pkof]uL x'g ;S5 .

Jofj;flos gd"gf – ;+lIfKt Jofj;flos of]hgf

s'g} klg sDkgLsf] bIftf lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu cyjf lj:tf/sf] nflu Joj;fosf] Pp6f of]hgf cTofjZos x'G5 . a}+sdf C0fsf] lglDt cfj]bg a'emfpFbf a}+sn] lgZro g} tYof+sn] k'li6 u/]sf] lj:t[t of]hgf dfUb5 . ;fgf tyf demf}nf cfsf/sf sDkgLx¿ ;'? ug{sf] nflu of]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt ;+:s/0f k|efjsf/L k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . oxfF xfdLn] Jofj;flos gd"gfsf] rrf{ ul//x]sf 5f}F . of] gd"gfdf xfdL ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ bzj6f ljifox¿df 5nkmn ug]{5f}F .

!= dfu{lgb]{zs l;4fGt÷bz{g÷nIo

xfdL s] rfxG5f}F < xfdL s'g rflxF ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd ug{ rfxG5fF} < xfdL] s'g rflxF ju{ jf If]qsf] dfunfO{ k"/f ug{ rfxG5f}F < xfdL s'g j:t' jf ;]jfsf] Joj;fo ug{ rfxG5f}F <

@= gfd

xfdL xfd|f] sDkgLnfO{ s] gfd lbG5fF}F < sDkgLsf] Pp6f c;n gfd l6sfp x'g'kb{5 / pTkflbt j:t' jf ;]jfnfO{ emNsfpg] k|sf/sf] x'g'kb{5 . of] clåtLo, :d/0fof]Uo, :ki6 / -;DejtM cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf_ clwsf/ k|fKt ug{;Sg] x'g' kb{5 .

#= ljsf;÷j[l4

xfd|f] sDkgL s;/L ljsf; x'g'kb{5 < ;'?df, kfFr jif{df / bz jif{df xfdL;Fu slt hgf sd{rf/L x'g]5g\ < sf/f]af/ / d'gfkmfdf s;/L j[l4 x'Fb} hfg]5 <

$= u|fxsnfO{ nfe

xfd|f u|fxsx¿sf] lglDt xfd|f j:t' jf ;]jfx¿af6 ;aeGbf 7'nf] nfe s] x'G5 <

%= /0fgLlts ;kmntfsf] cfwf/÷ljqmL x'gsf] nflu c¿eGbf km/s ljz]iftf

;]jfu|fxLn] xfdLaf6} vl/b lsg ug]{ <

^= ahf/sf] jftfj/0f

d}n] u/]sf] Jofj;flos If]qsf] jftfj/0f s:tf] x'Fb} hfg]5 <

ljutb]lv lnP/ cfh;Dd ljsf; s:tf] lyof] <

&= clxn];Dd Joj;fosf] k|ltkmnsf sf/0fx¿

clxn];Dd xfdL lsg / s]af6 ;kmn÷c;kmn ePsf 5f}F <

*= k|lt:kwL{÷k|ltåGåLsf] ljj/0f

xfd|f k|lt:kwL{x¿ sf]–sf] x'g\ < ltgLx¿sf ;an kIfx¿ s]–s] x'g\ < ltgLx¿sf sdhf]/ kIfx¿ s]–s] x'g\ < xfdLn] ltgLx¿eGbf s] /fd|f] u5f}{+ < / lsg <

(= dfgjLo sf/sx¿

xfd|f] Joj;fosf] If]qdf ;kmntfsf] nflu s'grflxF dfgjLo sf/sx¿ ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ < xfdL;Fu s'g–s'g sf/sx¿ 5g\ < s'grflxFsf] cem} klg xfdLdf cefj 5 <

!)= cg'udg / k|ltj]bg

xfd|f] sDkgLsf] lglDt s'grflxF tYo / ;"rsx¿ ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ < xfdL s;/L ltgLx¿sf] dfkg u5f}{+ < xfdL oL k|ltj]bgx¿ s;/L, slxn] / s;nfO{ k|:t't u5f}{+ <

Joj;fosf] ;'?jft

Joj;fosf] gd"gf xfd|f] nIosf] lj:t[t ljj/0f x'g'kb{5 . of] laGb'df d}n] d]/f] uf]i7Ldf ;xefuL x'g]x¿nfO{ Pp6f kfgfdf Joj;fosf] gd"gf agfpgsf] nflu r'gf}tL lbG5' . of] /rgfTds sfo{n] Joj;fosf] gd"gfsf dxTjk"0f{ tTjx¿nfO{ ofb /fVg / ;~rf/ ug{df ;xfotf u5{ . o;df lj:t[t ¿kdf ax'aifL{o of]hgf ;dfj]z ePsf] x'Fb}g, t/ of] Pp6f Jofj;flos ljrf/sf] j0f{g dfq xf] . of] a]l/Psf] sfk]{6 h:t} xf] h;nfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf sfk]{6 xf,] eg]/ klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5, t/ klg lj:t[t ljj/0f rflxF cem};Dd klg n's]sf] x'G5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f, h;leq gofF ljrf/ / ;Defjgfx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\, tLrflxF o;nfO{ k'msfpFb} hfFbf dfq} qmlds ¿kdf b]vfkb}{ hfG5g\ . w]/} ;kmn sDkgLx¿ o; tl/sfaf6 ljsf; ePsf 5g\ .

d}n] of] s'/f 8'Ëf rnfpg] qmddf l;s]F . kj{t r9\g l;sfpg] d]/f] ldqn] dnfO{ 8'Ëf rnfpg klg l;sfPsf lyP . olb tkfO{++ 8'Ëf rnfpg] k|lt:kwf{df lhTg rfxg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{++n] /fd|f];Fu tof/L u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 . tkfO{++n] xfjfsf] axfjsf] cj:yf cWoog ug'{ kb{5 / 8'Ëfsf] cj:yf hfFr ug'{kb{5 . v]nsf] ;'?df 8'Ëf hfg'kg]{ lbzf Tolt dxTjk"0f{ x'Fb}g, Tof] ;dodf ult lng'rflxF w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ha 8'Ëf b|"t ultdf al9/x]sf]] x'G5, To;sf] lbzf abNg Psbd} ;lhnf] x'G5 t/ hlta]nf of] lsgf/df l:y/ eP/ /x]sf] x'G5 Tof] a]nf cfk"mn] rfx]sf] lbzflt/ 8f]¥ofpg' c;Dej x'G5 .

Joj;fosf] gd"gfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ 7Ls o:t} x'G5 . ;'?df Joj;fon] ult lng' kb{5 . lgZro g} x]nr]qmØfOF u/]/ Joj;fo ;'? ul/Fb}g, t/ cfˆgf] Joj;fosf] gd"gfdf ePsf] bz j6f k|Zgx¿ ;f]w]/ xfdL tof/ ub{5f}F, To;kl5 xfdL ;'? u5f}{+ . 8'Ëf rnfpg] qmddf tkfO{++n] gofF cg'ejx¿ k|fKt ug'{x'G5, uNtLx¿ ug'{x'G5 / To;af6 l;Sg' klg x'G5 . rnfodfg eO/x]sf] j]nfdf lbzf kl/jt{g ug'{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . To;f] eP tfklg, To:tf] k|sf/sf] Jofj;flos gd"gfaf6 a}+ssf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg sl7g x'G5 . pgLx¿n] of]hgf / tYof+sx¿ x]g{ rfxG5g\ . shf{ lbg] cfˆgf] lg0f{onfO{ cfk"meGbf dflysf clwsf/LnfO{ ljZj:t kfg{ pgLx¿nfO{ 7f]; s'/fsf] cfjZostf k5{ . ljQLo ;DklQ lgodg ug]{ …af;]n @Ú gfds lgod o;sf] Pp6f /fd|f] pbfx/0f xf] . pgLx¿n] k"FhLsf] lglDt a}+ssf] cg'udg k|lqmof / yk ljj/0f ;DaGwL Go"gtd vfFrf]sf s'/fx¿ ;~rfng ub{5g\ . ;f}efUoj; k|foMu/L JolQmut nufgLstf{x¿;Fu k[ys ljsNkx¿ x'G5g\ / Jofj;flos of]hgfx¿df Tolts} nufgL ub}{gg\ . ;du|df pgLx¿ To:tf dflg;x¿df nufgL ub{5g\ h;n] Jofj;flos of]hgfx¿ ljsf; u5{g\ / sfof{Gjog ub{5g\ . To;}sf/0fn] pgLx¿n] cfˆgf lg0f{ox¿ ;[hgzLntf, sfof{Gjog Ifdtf / b|"t sfd u/fO h:tf cGo tTjx¿sf] cfwf/df u/]sf x'G5g\ . pBdzLntfsf oL bIftfsf] af/]df kl5 d cem a9L lj:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn ug]{5' . JolQmut nufgLstf{x¿n] o'jf Jofj;flox¿sf] hf]z, ultzLntf, / Jofjxfl/s zlQmnfO{ dx;'; ug{ rfxG5g\ / tL u'0fx¿ cfk"mdf klg k|jflxt ePsf] rfxG5g\ .

cWofo @

a Kh f/Ls/0fsf] Joj;fodf w]/} agfj6L s'/fx¿ kfOG5g\ . lj1fkgsf] If]qdf To:tf w]/} dflg;x¿ 5g\, hf] syf k|:t't ug{df vlKk; 5g\ . vf]qmf ljifo j:t'sf] lglDt vf]qmf zAbx¿ k|of]u ub}{ pgLx¿n] vf]qmf k|lt1fx¿ ub{5g\ . efjgfnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ laDa, a9fOr9fO / k"/f gx'g] k|lt1fx¿ u/]/ pgLx¿n] u|fxsnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ / ljZjf; lbnfpg] k|of; u5{g\ . pgLx¿ eG5g\, ælj1fkg dgf]/~hgfTds x'g} k5{ . gq u|fxsx¿n] k9\g dg k/fpFb}gg\, To;}sf/0f pgLx¿nfO{ yf]/} dfq hfgsf/L lbg' k5{ . cyjf, tfhf / ultzLn k|efj ;[hgf ug{sf] nflu ;do–;dodf ahf/Ls/0fsf ultljlw kl/jt{g ul//xg' k5{ .Æ b'Mvb s'/f, 5f]6f] ;dosf] lglDt o:tf pkfox¿af6 pgLx¿n] slxn]sxLF ;kmntf kfpF5g\ . t/ clwsf+z ;dodf, pgLx¿sf] ;kmntf pRr Jofj;flos z'Ns lng'df g} ;Lldt ePsf] x'G5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k, u|fxsx¿n] rsf]{ d"No ltg'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ o:tf] x'g' h?/L 5}g / o:tf] x'g' klg x'Fb}g . ToxfF csf]{ tl/sf klg 5 h;df w]/} xf]xNnf x'Fb}g, w]/} a9fOr9fO ul/Fb}g / w]/} nfut klg kb}{g t/ h'g a9L ;[hgzLn, Odfgbf/, cy{k"0f{ / k|efjsf/L 5 . ahf/Ls/0fsf ultljlwsf] lglDt ;fgf tyf demf}nf cfsf/sf sDkgLx¿df k|foM ;Lldt ah]6 x'G5 . z'e va/ of] 5 ls yf]/} ah]6af6 klg 7'nf] k|efj kfg{ ;Dej 5 . ;j{k|yd, afOanLo bf];|f] cf1fn] xfdLnfO{ s] eGb5 x]/f}F, æltdLn] k/dk|e' k/d]Zj/sf] gfpF Joy{df glng" .Æ

k/d]Zj/ aLdf gLlt x'g'x'Gg

bf];|f] cf1f klg k/d]Zj/;Fusf] xfd|f] ;DaGw;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . xfdLn] k/d]Zj/sf] gfpF Joy{}df k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g . k/d]Zj/sf] gfpFdf klxn] g} w]/} xflg eO;s]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/]/ Jofj;flox¿ ;d:ofu|:t cj:yfdf k/d]Zj/sf] gfpFnfO{ Jofjxfl/s aLdfsf] ¿kdf b'¿kof]u ug]{ vt/fdf /xG5g\ . o; k|sf/sf dflg;x¿n] k|foh;f] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf rflxF k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpFb}gg\ . jf:tjdf, pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] Joj;fodf k/d]Zj/sf] rf;f] klg /fv]sf x'Fb}gg\ . ltgLx¿n] ug]{ pQd s'/f eg]sf], zlgjf/ d08nL hfFbf dfq} k/d]Zj/;Fu e]6 ug'{ xf] . t/ ;d:of cfpFbf, dflg;x¿ pxfFsf] ;xfotf vf]H5g\ cyjf afwf–cj/f]wsf] nflu pxfFnfO{ bf]if nufpF5g\ . o;f] ug'{ eg]sf] k/d]Zj/sf] gfpFnfO{ Joy{df lng' xf] .

d"NodfGotfx¿ cg';f/ lhpg'

k/d]Zj/sf] gfpFnfO{ dlxdf lbg'sf] cy{ pxfFnfO{ xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf o:tf] tl/sfn] ;dflxt ug'{ xf] h;åf/f xfd|f ;xsdL{x¿ / u|fxsx¿n] xfd|f d"NodfGotf / sfo{x¿df k/d]Zj/sf] k|efjnfO{ dx;'; ug{ ;S5g\ . of] cfb/, gd|tf, ;Totf, Odfgbf/L, akmfbf/L / k|]d h:tf d"NodfGotfx¿;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . xfd|f] Jofj;flos gd"gf k/d]Zj/n] xfd|f] lglDt tf]lslbg'ePsf d"NodfGotfx¿df cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . To;kl5 xfdLn] oL d"NodfGotfx¿nfO{ xfd|f] cfˆgf] ljj]s, pxfFsf] ;[li6 / xfd|f ;xsdL{ dfgjhflt;Fu ldnfkdf Nofpg ;S5f}F . o;n] ;a} ;xefuL kIfx¿sf lglDt clwstd nfe ;[hgf ul/ lbG5 . ha s'g} Joj;fo oL d"NodfGotfx¿af6 cnluG5, ta Tof] clezfk aGb5 . oL d"NodfGotfx¿nfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ w]/} d'gfkmf sdfpg ;lsPnf, tfklg cGTodf o;n] dfgj hfltnfO{ g} xflg k'¥ofpFb5 . k/fdz{ lbg] qmddf, d}n] sltk6s To:tf dflg;x¿ e]6]sf] 5' h;n] of] s'/f cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ . sltko t cfk"mn] k/d]Zj/sf] gfpFdf sfd u/]sf] 5' eGg] s'/fdf ;d]t ljZj:t lyP . clg sltkon] d08nLnfO{ e]6L lbPsf] 5' / cfˆgf] kl/jf/;lxt zlgjf/ d08nL uPsf] 5' eg]/ klg 3d08 ub{y] . of] t dflkmofx¿n] klg u5{g\ . clwsf+z ;dodf oxfF o:t} eO/x]sf] x'G5 . sDkgLsf] a}+s vftfdf k|z:t k};f hDdf ePsf] x'G5 . pBdLn] o:tf k|Zgx¿df Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf] x'G5M d}n] d]/f] ;DklQ s;/L a9fpg ;S5' < d}n] d]/f] ;DklQ u'Dgaf6 s;/L arfpg ;S5' < o:tf ljnfl;tf s'/fx¿n] pBdLsf] ;f]rdf h/f uf8\g k'U5g\ / To:tf s'/f a9\b} hfG5g\ . p;n] kQ} gkfO{ gb]lvg] k|lqmofåf/f leqleq} 3lgi7 ldqx¿;Fusf] p;sf] ;DaGw kl/jt{g x'gk'U5 . hf] dflg;x¿ p;sf ldqx¿ lyP, ca pgLx¿ g} p;sf] lglDt vt/f aGg k'U5g\ . emg\–emg\ a9L dfqdf p;n] cfkm}FnfO{ pgLx¿af6 6f9f /fV5 / PSnf] agfpFb5 . ToxL qmddf, hLjgsf c;n s'/fx¿df cfgGb dgfpg] p;sf] Ifdtf klg x/fP/ hfG5 . p;sf] lglDt :jflbi6 ef]hg kf]if0f lngnfO{ vfgf vfPsf] h:tf] dfq} x'G5, zf:qLo ;+uLt ;'Gg] ;do p;nfO{ v]/ kmfn]sf] ;do h:tf] dx;'; x'G5 / ljbfsf] ;do efUg] sfd h:tf] x'G5 . s] pBf]uL / Jofj;flox¿sf lglDt k/d]Zj/sf] OR5f oxL xf] t < cjZo xf]Og .

xfd|f] JolQmTjsf] cfsif{0f

d dflg;x¿ lg/LIf0f ug{ dg k/fpF5' / tL ;a}eGbf klg ;do;Fu} s;/L ltgLx¿sf] JolQmTjsf] cfsif{0f kl/jt{g x'G5 eg]/ lg/LIf0f ug{ dg k/fpF5' . s]xL dflg;x¿ pd]/;Fu} ;a} s'/f hfGg], s7f]/ / tLtf] aGb5g\ eg] c¿rfFlx a'l4dfg, ;Gt'i6 / pbf/ aGb5g\ . dnfO{ kl5Nnf] k|sf/sf dflg;x¿ dg k5{ . JolQmTj ljsf; g t hGdhft ¿kdf x'G5 g of] cs:dft ¿kdf b]vf kb{5 . w]/} xb;Dd, o;nfO{ lgdf{0f ub}{ nfg ;lsG5 . Ps c1ft JolQmsf] of] ljrf/ dnfO{ dg k5{, æaL; jif{sf] pd]/df ePsf] tkfO{++sf] cg'xf/ k/d]Zj/n] lbg' ePsf] xf], rfln; jif{df x'g] tkfO{++sf] cg'xf/ tkfO{++ cfkm}Fn] lbg' ePsf] xf] / ;f7L jif{sf] pd]/df ePsf] cg'xf/ tkfO{++nfO{ hLjgn] lbPsf] xf] .Æ xfdL s;/L a'l4dfg, ;Gt'i6 / pbf/ pBdL aGg ;S5f}F < oyfy{jfbL eP/ jf ag]/ xfdL To:tf] aGg ;S5f}F . xfdL cfkm}Fn] ;[li6 u/]sf] k/ lge{/tfaf6 cfk"mnfO{ 5'6\sf/f lbP/ xfdL To:tf] aGg ;S5f}F . xfd|f] JolQmut / Jofj;flos hLjgdf of]hgfa4 ¿kdf cfb/, eb|tf, ;Totf, akmfbf/L / k|]d h:tf d"NodfGotfx¿åf/f lhP/ xfdL To:tf] aGg ;S5f}F . To;kl5 ToxfF cxd\, em'6, cw{–;Totf, cljZj;gLotf / 3[0ffsf] lglDt s'g} :yfg x'Fb}g . oL ;a} s'/f nfu'kbfy{ / dBkfg eGbf klg v/fa k/lge{/tf x'g\ .

b'O{ k|sf/sf ljqm]tfx¿

d ljz]if u/L ulxl/P/ ljqm]tfx¿nfO{ lgofNgdf cfgGb lnG5' . b'ef{Uojz, cfˆgf] snfdf kf]Vt ePsf To:tf w]/} ljqm]tfx¿ 5}gg\ oBlk w]/}n] cfk"mnfO{ of] ju{df /fV5g\ . cToGt} ;kmn ljqm]tf / cf};t ¿kdf ;kmn x'g] ljqm]tfx¿df Pp6f s'/f ;dfg x'G5M pgLx¿n] dflg;x¿nfO{ dg k/fpF5g\ . pgLx¿;Fu ;dfg'e'lt, cfTdljZjf; / zfGtkg x'G5 . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf j:t' jf ;]jfx¿ dfq ljqmL ub}{gg\, t/ cfˆgf u|fxssf] ;]jf ub{5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ j:t' jf ;]jfsf] af/]df :ki6 hfgsf/L x'G5 clg s'g} klg u|fxsnfO{ p;sf] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf p;sf] vfFrf] / ;d:ofx¿df lbOPsf] j:t' jf ;]jfx¿af6 s;/L nfe lng ;lsG5 egL :ki6 tl/sfn] JofVof ul/lbG5g\ .

cf};t ljqm]tfx¿n] j:t'x¿sf] af/]df k|:t'lt lbG5g\, kmfObfx¿sf] af/]df s'/f u5{g\ / j]kmfObfx¿ rflxF n'sfpF5g\ . / xf], Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg'sf] ;§fdf pgLx¿ af]N5g\ . t/ cfˆgf u|fxsx¿nfO{ k|]d ug]{ ljqm]tfx¿n] pgLx¿sf] s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;'G5g\ . To;kl5 ljqm]tfn] a'‰g yfN5g\ / pgLx¿k|lt rf;f] lnG5g\ . jf:tjdf of] s'/f Psbd} ;fdfGo x'g;S5 .

lrq !M ahf/Ls/0f - o;sf ;a} kIfx¿

ahf/Ls/0fsf] cjwf/0ffM ;/n t/ lj:t[t

ahf/Ls/0fsf] cjwf/0ff pBdLx¿sf] lglDt csf]{ cf}hf/ xf] . ahf/Ls/0f eGg] zAb ;'Gbf w]/} dflg;x¿n] hfgsf/L o'Qm lj1fkg (brochure) / j:t'x¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|:t't ug]{ sfdsf] af/]df ;f]Rb5g\ . c¿x¿n] eg] ahf/Ls/0fsf] cjwf/0ff eg]sf] ahf/sf] j}1flgs ljZn]if0f xf] eGg] ;f]Rb5g\ . oL b'j} ;f]r k"0f{ ¿kdf unt xf]Ogg\ t/ ahf/Ls/0f eg]sf] Tof] eGbf a9L xf] . sDkgLsf] ;kmntfsf] nflu ahf/Ls/0f lg0ff{os ;fwg xf] . b'Mvk"j{s eGg'kbf{, ahf/sf w]/} cjwf/0ffx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ cToGt} hl6n 5g\, To;sf/0f ltgLx¿ pkof]ud} gcfO{ b/fhsf] s'g} s'gfdf w'nf] hDdf ub}{ ylGsG5g\ . t/ klg ltgLx¿df w]/} nufgL ul/Psf] x'G5 . To:tf] x'g' kb}{g . k/fdz{ lbg] k]zfsf] qmddf d}n] of] s'/f l;s]sf] 5'M ahf/Ls/0fsf] cjwf/0ff ;/n t/ lj:t[t x'g}k5{ .

ahf/Ls/0f Ö u|fxs cled'lvs/0f

t/ ahf/Ls/0f eg]sf] jf:tjdf s] xf] t < d}n] clxn];Dd kfPsf]

ahf/Ls/0fsf] pQd kl/efiff of] xf]M

æahf/Ls/0f eg]sf] ;Dk"0f{ sDkgLnfO{ ahf/;Fu tfnd]n u/fpg' xf] .Æ

o;nfO{ xfdL u|fxs cled'lvs/0f klg eGb5f}F . olt eGgf;fy o;sf af/]df sltko unt a'emfO / e|fds ljrf/ k|j]z ul/xfN5g\ . u|fxs cled'lvs/0f eGg'sf] cy{ u|fxsn] rfx]sf] jf dfu u/]sf] ;a} s'/f xfdLn] ug{} k5{{ eGg] xf]Og . To;f] u¥of}F eg] t xfdL bf; aG5f}F / ;fFrf] gjLg vf]h c;Dej x'gk'U5 . u|fxs cled'lvs/0f eg]sf] u|fxsnfO{ dg k/fpg', p;sf] s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg', p;nfO{ a'‰g', p;sf ;d:of / vfFrf]x¿nfO{ a'‰g', clg u|fxsnfO{ ;fFrf] ¿kdf nfe lbg] j:t'x¿, ;]jfx¿ / k/fdz{ lbP/ a'l4dfgLk"j{s p;Fu sf/f]jf/ ug{' xf] .

u|fxs cled'lvs/0fsf] cy{ x'G5

s_ xfdLn] Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg] / ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ifdtf ljsf; u/]sf 5f}F,

v_ xfdLn] ;fFrf] gjLg vf]hsf tf}/tl/sfx¿df lgk"0ftf k|fKt u/]sf 5f}F, u_ xfd|f ;dfwfgsf kmfObfx¿sf] af/]df xfdLn] k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;~rf/ ug{ ;S5f}F,

3_ pTkfbg / ljt/0fsf k|lqmofx¿df xfdLn] lgk"0ftf k|fKt u/]sf 5f}F /

ª_ u|fxsx¿nfO{ xfdL;Fu af/Daf/ sf/f]jf/ ug]{ / c¿x¿nfO{ klg xfdLsxfF cfpg l;kmfl/; ug{] ;xsdL{ agfpg xfdL ;Ifd ag]sf 5f}F .

;'Gg] / ljZn]if0f ug]{ snf

d ;w}FF d]/f] k/fdz{sf] sIff Pp6f vfnL kfgfaf6 ;'? ub{5' . o;n] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;+s]t lbG5, ls d cufl8 g} tof/L j:t'nfO{ a]lRbgF . d k|Zgx¿ ;f]W5' / Wofg lbP/ ;'G5' . d p;n] eg]sf s'/fx¿sf] gf]6 agfpF5', Pp6f ¿k/]vf tof/ kf5'{ / gofF k|Zgx¿ p7fOlbG5' . ;]jfu|fxLn] cfˆgf] egfOnfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lnOPsf] dx;'; ub{5 . clg o;f] ul//xFbf d jf:tljs eOlbG5' . d}n] p;nfO{ jf:tjd} uDeL/ ¿kdf lnPsf] x'G5' . p;n] of] s'/f a'‰5 / ddf e/f];f /fVb5 .

;fFrf] gjLg vf]hsf ljlwx¿

;fFrf] gjLg vf]h klxn]b]lv h] s'/fx¿ :yflkt ePsf 5g\, tL s'/fx¿eGbf leGg x'G5 . ;do;Fu} af/Daf/, gofF ljrf/x¿ pAhG5g\ / dfly atfOPsf] ;fbf kfgf el/G5 . k|foM oL ;a} kl/lrt j:t'x¿k|ltsf gofF b[li6sf]0fx¿ x'g\ . klxn} g} yfxf kfOPsf hfgsf/Lx¿nfO{ Pp6f gofF ;Gbe{df NofOG5 . cyjf of] kfgfdf kl/lrt j:t'x¿nfO{ 5f]l8G5 / JolQmn] cfkmF}nfO{ gofF j:t'x¿sf] lglDt pknAw u/fpg] of]hgfa4 lg0f{o u/]sf] x'G5 .

lj1fkgx¿df, dflg;x¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{nfO{ ;fgfltgf s'/fnfO{ klg hf]8–hf8 kf/]/ ægjLg vf]hÆ / æ;fFrf] gjLg vf]hÆ h:tf zAbx¿nfO{ s'g} 7"n} s'/f cfljisf/ ul/Pem}F k|:t't ul/G5 . t/ d}n] oxfF o:tf] k|sf/sf] gjLg vf]hsf] s'/f u/]sf] xf]Og . ;fFrf] gjLg vf]hx¿ eg]sf To:tf ;'wf/x¿ x'g\ h;n] jf:tjdf g} yk pkof]]lutf ;[hgf ul/lbG5g\ .

nfesf] af/]df ;~rf/ ug'{

s;}n] klg pTkflbt j:t' / ;]jfx¿df olQs} ?lr /fVb}gg\ . pgLx¿n] ?lr /fVg] eg]sf] tL ;]jf jf j:t'n] lbg] nferflxF xf] . d leotgfddf k};f /fVg] ;Gb's -;]km_ agfpg] sDkgLx¿sf] k/fdz{bftfsf] ¿kdf sfd ub{5' . ;Gb'sx¿ ux|f}F / dxFuf x'G5g\ . tfklg u|fxsx¿n] tL s'/fx¿sf] jf:tf ub}{gg\ . pgLx¿ t To;n] lbg] ;'/Iffsf] af/]df rf;f] /fVb5g\ / To;sf] lglDt w]/} /sd ltg{ OR5's x'G5g\ . c;n pBdLx¿ cfˆgf j:t'x¿ jf ;]jfx¿n] u|fxsx¿nfO{ lbg] kmfObfsf] af/]df s]lGb|t x'G5g\ / pgLx¿n] oL kmfObfx¿sf] af/]df ;~rf/ ug{ klg hfg]sf x'G5g\ .

pTkfbg / ljt/0fsf k|lqmofx¿

kl/kSj ahf/ ( Saturated Market) df u|fxsn] k|of]u ug{ tof/ ePsf j:t'x¿ leGbfleGb} ljqm]tfaf6 cfPsf eP tfklg tL p:t} x'G5g\ . o;n] ubf{, u|fxsx¿nfO{ xfd|f pTkfbgx¿sf] af/]df ljZj:t kfg{ sl7g x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf, u|fxs cled'lvs/0f ul/Psf pTkfbg / ljt/0f k|lqmofsf] Joj:yfkgn] ahf/df 7'nf] ;kmntf lbnfpF5 . pTkfbgsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] Kofs]lhªd} 6fFl;g] krf{ pTkfbg ug]{ Ps ljZjJofkL n]an pTkfbsn] cfˆgf] pTkfbg s]Gb|df pTkfbgsf] k|lqmof x]g{ ldNg] u/L Pp6f a/08f agfof] . o; pTkfbg s]Gb|df sfdbf/x¿n] cf}ifwLx¿sf lglDt ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] n]an pTkfbg ub{5g\ . of] k|lqmofdf u'0f:t/sf] lgZrotf Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f x'G5 . ;fgf] eGbf ;fgf] uNtLn] klg eofgs kl/0ffdx¿ NofOlbg ;S5 . cflwsfl/s sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ dfq ToxfF hfg] cg'dlt 5 . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg, u|fxsx¿nfO{ Tof] a/08faf6 pgLx¿n] pTkfbg u/]sf n]anx¿ s;/L aG5g\ eg]/ cjnf]sg ug{ lbOG5 . o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt lbG5 / e/f];f lgdf{0f u5{ .

u|fxsx¿nfO{ af/Daf/ xfdL;Fu sf/f]jf/ ug]{ / c¿x¿nfO{ klg xfdLsxfF cfpg ;'emfj ug{] ;xsdL{ agfpg'

c;n u|fxsx¿n] ha c¿x¿nfO{ xfdLsxfF hfg] ;'emfj lbG5g\ tL u|fxsx¿ xfd|f pQd ;xsdL{x¿ aG5g\ . t/, pgLx¿ xfd|f pTkfbg jf ;]jfx¿k|lt hf]lznf 5g\ eg] dfq pgLx¿n] To:tf] u5{g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ lrQ a'emfP/ dfq k'Ub}g . pgLx¿ hf]lznf] x'g'kb{5 . of] s'/f xfd|f sd{rf/Lx¿ / xfd|f] lglDt Ps 7'nf] r'gf}tL xf] . xfd|f u|fxsx¿nfO{ hf]lznf] agfpg xfdLn] s] ug'{k5{ t < xfdLn] b}lgs ¿kdf ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ k|d'v k|Zg oxL xf] .

u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg

t/ klg, u|fxs cled'lvs/0f g} ;a} yf]s xf]Og . olb xfdL xfd|f sDkgLsf ;a} ljefux¿nfO{ ahf/;Fu tfnd]n x'g] u/L cl3 a9fpg rfxG5f}F eg] xfdLnfO{ To:tf] bz{gsf] vfFrf] kb{5 h;n] ;du| sDkgLnfO{ Psh'6 agfpF5 / Tof]eGbf cem} cl3 klg a9\5 . ;du| u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkgsf] o'/f]kLog gd"gfn] sDkgLnfO{ ljleGg ljefudf jlu{s/0f u5{ . ahf/df pQd k|efj ;[hgf ug{sf nflu x/]s ljefun] cfkm}FnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ahf/Ls/0fsf] ;kmntf eg]sf] ;a} ljefux¿sf] ;kmntfx¿sf] ;di6L¿k xf] . of] sl7g h:tf] b]lvG5 t/ jf:tjdf of] Psbd} ;/n 5 . d}n] of] s'/f klg kj{t r9\bf l;s]sf] lyPF . r'r'/f];Dd k'Ug] af6f] xhf/f}F ;–;fgf sbdx¿n] ag]sf] x'G5 . olb d}n] x/]s sbd c;n tl/sfn] k"/f u/]F eg], d cjZo nIodf k'Ug]5' . ;–;fgf sbdx¿ ;lhn} l;Sg / nfu" ug{ ;lsG5 . sDkgLsf] x/]s kIfdf xfdLn] cfkm}F;Fu lgDg k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg} k5{ . u|fxsx¿nfO{ nfe lbgsf] nflu xfdLn] s] ug{ ;S5f}F jf s] ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ < lg/Gt/ ;'wf/ k|lqmof -l;cfO{kL_ (Continuous Improvement Process) n] lg/Gt/ ;'wf/sf] cfwf/e"t dfgl;stf / Jojxf/nfO{ hgfpF5 . o;sf] af/]df d cWofo rf/df lj:t[t ¿kdf rrf{ ug]{5' .

;~rf/

olb cfGtl/s / jfXo ;~rf/n] /fd|f];Fu sfd ul//x]sf 5}gg\ eg] pQd k|lqmofx¿ klg xfd|f lglDt lg/y{s x'G5g\ . c;n ;~rf/ k|efjsf/L x'g' kb{5, o;n] dflg;x¿nfO{ ;f]Rg / sfo{ ug{ pTk|]l/t ug'{k5{ . o;n] cleofg ;'?jft ug'{k5{ / To;nfO{ cl3 a9fpg' k5{ .

o; qmddf, 5 j6f k|d'v k|Zgx¿ pAhG5g\M

!= sf] <

d]/f] nlIft >f]tf sf] xf] < lg0f{ostf{ sf] xf] < lg0f{o k|lqmofdf s;n] k|efj kfb{5 <

@= sxfF <

d lj1fkgsf] s'g dfWod k|of]u u5'{ < hfgsf/Ld"ns krf{x¿ < kqklqsfdf lj1fkg < OG6/g]6 < /]l8of] jf l6=eLsf lj1fkg < kqfrf/ < va/d"ns kqfrf/ < sfo{qmdx¿ < Jofkf/ d]nf < leQ] krf{x¿ < lj1fkgsf af]8{x¿ <

#= slxn] <

s'g ;dodf, u|fxsx¿sxfF k'Ug] of]hgf <

$= s] <

;Gb]zdf pNn]v ul/g] s'/f s] x'g] <

%= s;/L <

;Gb]zsf] k|sf/ / z}nL <

^= slt <

ah]6, slt k6s lj1fkg ug]{ <

bL3{sfn;Dd l6ls/xg rfxg] xf] eg] alnof] ¿kdf ;fdflhs ;f]rfO ePsf pBdLx¿n] klg d'gfkmf sdfpg} k5{ . of] ;To xf] .

xfd|f] Jofj;flos gd"gf k/d]Zj/n] xfd|f] lglDt tf]lslbg'ePsf d"NodfGotfx¿df cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . To;kl5 xfdLn] oL d"NodfGotfx¿nfO{ xfd|f] cfˆgf] ljj]s, pxfFsf] ;[li6 / xfd|f ;xsdL{ dfgjhflt;Fu ldnfkdf Nofpg ;S5f}F .

æaL; jif{sf] pd]/df x'g] tkfO{++sf] d'xf/ k/d]Zj/n] lbg'ePsf] xf] . rfln;sf] d'xf/ cfkm}n] lbg'ePsf] xf] . ;f7Lsf] d'xf/ hLjgn] tkfO{++nfO{ lbPsf] xf] .Æ

c;n u|fxsx¿n] ha c¿x¿nfO{ xfdLsxfF hfg] ;'emfj lbG5g\ tL u|fxsx¿ xfd|f pQd ;xsdL{x¿ aG5g\ .

r'r'/f];Dd k'Ug] af6f] xhf/f}F ;–;fgf sbdx¿n] ag]sf] x'G5 . olb d}n] x/]s sbd c;n tl/sfn] k"/f u/]F eg], d cjZo nIodf k'Ug]5' .

;do ¿k}ofFk};f xf] — / Tof] eGbf klg a9L dxTjk"0f{ xf]

k|f - oM k|To]s pBdLn] cfk"m;Fu kof{Kt ;do gePsf] u'gf;f] ub{5g\ . em§} ;'Gbf, of] /fd|} s'/f xf] h:tf] nfU5 . o;n] s'g} JolQmsf] dxTj / ;kmntfsf] af/]df s]xL atfPsf] h:tf] nfUb5 . o;/L pBdLx¿n] cfˆgf] hLjg ;]s]08, ldg]6, 306f, lbg, dlxgf / jif{x¿n] e/]sf x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿n] v]/ uPsf] x/]s 306fdf slt u'D5 egL lx;fa ub{5g\ . ;do k};f xf] Û clg s]xL xb\;Dd pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfO 7Ls} xf] . To:tf] s'g} lglZrt ;do x'G5 h;nfO{ vl/b–ljqmL ug{ ;lsG5 . ljrf/ / pknAwLx¿n] k"0f{ ePsf] a]nf, o:tf] ;don] Jofkfl/s d"No kfpFb5g\ . ;dosf] c;n Joj:yfkgn] pRr kl/0ffd xfl;n ug{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpFb5 . tyflk, ;dosf] v/fa Joj:yfkgn] Psbd} Jo:ttf, tgfj, cbIftf / xflgtk{m 8f]¥ofpFb5 . pBdLx¿sf lglDt ;do Joj:yfkgsf] ljifodf xfdL kl5 rrf{ ug]{5f}F .

tyflk, To:tf] s]xL lglZrt ;do klg 5 h;nfO{ vl/b jf ljqmL ug{ ;lsFb}g . s]xL xb;Dd xfdL ;a};Fu of] ;do pknAw x'G5 . t/ of] ;do xfdLaf6 lat]/ hfG5 . xfdLn] o;nfO{ olQs} lat]/ uPsf] b]Vg ;S5f}F clg ;dosf] ult s;/L lg/Gt/ ¿kdf a9\b} uPsf] h:tf] b]lvG5 egL 5Ss kb{5f}F . cyjf xfdL of] ;donfO{ kqmg ;S5f}F / o;df hLjg eg{ ;S5f}F . d'Vo s'/f oxL xf]M of t xfdL hLjgnfO{ ;don] eb{5f+}F of t ;dodf hLjg eb{5f}F . To;}sf/0f pBdLx¿sf lglDt ;do Joj:yfkgsf] ljifodf xfdL kl5 5nkmn ug]{5f}F .

To;f] eP tfklg, xfdL o;sf] af/]d qmdzM rrf{ u/f}F . æzafy lbgsf] ;Demgf u/, / To;nfO{ kljq /fvÆ eGg] t];|f] cf1fn] xfdLnfO{ oxfF s] l;sfpFb5 < of] cf1fn] klg ;dos} af/]df rrf{ u/]sf] kfpF5fF} h'grflxF of] kf7df xfd|f] ljifo j:t' klg xf] .

lj>fdsf] lbg k|To]s JolQmsf] enfOsf] lglDt xf]

ljbfsf lbgx¿ ljz]if u/]/ pBdLx¿sf] lgldt r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'G5g\ . ;}4flGts ¿kdf x/]sn] oL ljbfsf lbgx¿sf] dxTjnfO{ yfxf u/]sf x'G5g\ / tL lbgx¿ dgfpF5f}F eg]/ k|lt1f u/]sf x'G5g\ . ljbfsf lbgx¿ kl/jf/sf] lglDt x'g'kb{5, d08nLsf] lglDt x'g'kb{5 / lgZro g} cf/fdsf] lglDt x'g' kb{5 . To;f] eP tfklg, oyfy{ Psbd} leGg x'g] ub{5 . axfgf agfpg] w]/} sf/0fx¿ 5g\M sfd gl;l4Psf] cj:yf, 7'nf] kl/0ffdsf] dfu, gofF ljrf/, ;dfwfg gul/Psf] ;d:of cflb . o;/L o:t} axfgfdf ljbfsf] lbgnfO{ alnbfg lbOG5 . oL afx]s klg w]/} sf/0fx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ . ;Dejt of] cfˆgf] klt÷kTgL;Fu gld7f] jftf{nfkaf6 efUg] Pp6f k|of; x'g ;S5 < cyjf l/Qf]kgsf] cg'e"ltaf6 efUg] k|of; kf] xf] ls <

o:tf s'/fx¿ Jofj;flos k/fdz{df pBdLx¿sf lglDt k|d'v ljifo x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;DaGw / hLjgsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg] vt/f /x]sf] x'G5 . lj:tf/} / lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;DaGw / hLjgsf] u'0f:t/ v:sFb} uO/x]sf] x'G5, clg yfx} gkfOsg nfdf] ;do;Dd of] k|lqmof rln/x]sf] x'g ;S5 . cGTodf j}jflxs ;DaGw g} 6'6\gk'U5 . 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] d'l:sn}n] cfˆgf pBdL a'af–cfdfnfO{ lrg] / a'‰g] df}sf kfpF5g\ . yfx} gkfO{sg, Jofj;flos dflg;x¿n] ;fwf/0f t/ Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx¿dflysf], cyf{t\ jf:tljstfdflysf] cfˆgf] ks8 u'dfpg ;Sb5g\ . cGTodf Pp6f s'/f dfq} afFsL /xG5, Tof] xf] Joj;fo . lbgdf !@, !^, !* cflb 306f, / xKtfdf ;ft} lbg sfd ub{5g\ . o;df s'g} cfZro{ 5}g, ls rfF8} g} sfdsf] ;f]rfOn] ltgLx¿sf] lgGb|f klg eË u/fpg ;'? ub{5 .

lsg of] v:sFb} u/]sf] hLjg z}nLsf] vt/f rfF8} yfxf x'Fb}g < ;'?df sfd /dfOnf] x'G5 . xf], Joj;fosf] ;'?;'?df sfddf cf};teGbf s]xL a9L g} cfjZos kb{5, gqeg] Pp6f pTs[i6 Joj:yfks ag]/ sDkgL lgdf{0f ug'{ jf eljio lgdf{0f ug'{ c;Dej x'G5 . ;do laTb} hfFbf dxTjfsf+IfL pBdLn] sfdsf] of] nonfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf lnG5g\ . To;kl5 Pp6f o:tf] s'g} laGb' cfpF5 hxfF ysfj6 dx;'; u5{ / Tof]eGbf a9L p;n] cfˆgf] ljj]sdf bf]ifL cg'ej u5{ lsgeg] pBdLn] s]xL s'/f ePsf] unt 5 eGg] dx;'; ub{5 . To;f] eP tfklg oxL cj:yfdf ;d]t of] gsf/fTdstfsf] rqmaf6 lg:sg ufx|f] x'G5 .

c d]l/sL j}1flgsx¿ x/a/6 km|f]Ob]ga]/u]/ / u]On gf]y{n] afx|j6f r/0f ;lxt ysfgsf] cj:yfnfO{ cfkm}FnfO{ 3f]6fpg] cj:yf;Dd u/L Psk|sf/sf] rqmsf] ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\ . -cfkmF}nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ afWotf, cem} a9L k|oTg ug'{kg]{, cfˆg} vfFrf]x¿sf] a]jf:tf ug]{, åGå / vfFrf]x¿nfO{ bjfpg], d"NodfGotfx¿nfO{ k'gMJofVof ug]{, ;d:ofx¿nfO{ OGsf/ ug]{ s'/fx¿ j[l4 x'g', efUg], afgL Joxf]/fx¿df k|ToIf kl/jt{gx¿ b]vf kg'{, cfˆg} JolQmTj dg gkg'{, leqL ¿kdf l/Qmtf x'g', lg/fzf k"0f{ ¿kdf ylst x'g' . )

k/d]Zj/n] dfgj hfltsf] lxtsf] nflu ;ftf}F lbgnfO{ lj>fdsf] lbgsf] ¿kdf ;[li6 ug'{eof] . / of] pxfFn] o;f] ug'{sf] k5fl8Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sf/0f lyof] . lj>fdsf] of] lbgn] sfd / cf/fdsf] ;Gt'ng u/]/ hLjgdf k'g{tfhuL NofpF5 . of] lbgn] xfdLdf zflGtsf ;fy;fy} pTk|]/0ff klg hufpF5 . of] lbg ;[li6 ug'{sf] p2]Zo dflg;x¿nfO{ cfgGb lng] / cfˆgf] zlQmnfO{ k'g{tfhuL ug]{ cj;/ lbg' xf] . To;f] eP tfklg, ;a} ljbfsf lbgx¿ p:t} x'Fb}gg\ . w]/} pBdLx¿n] cfˆgf] sfo{tflnsfaf6 ljbfsf lbgx¿nfO{ x6fOlbPsf x'G5g\ / cfˆgf] lglDt cs}{ ;do nfu" x'G5 egL ljZj:t x'G5g\ . ;'?df lbOPsf] ;fKtflxs lj>fd tflnsfnfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd kfngf gubf{ To;sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k gsf/fTds kl/0ffd gef]u]sf] Pp6f klg pBdLnfO{ d}n] e]6]sf] 5}g .

tyflk, hlt lgod 5g\, To;sf TolQ g} ckjfbx¿ x'G5g\ . clg pBdzLntfsf] Joj:yfkgdf logLx¿sf] ljz]if dxTj x'G5 . gofF s'/fx¿sf] ;[hgf ug]{ / ¿k lbg] dflg;x¿n] k|foM To:tf cj:yfx¿sf] cg'ej ub{5g\ h;df pgLx¿ cTolws rfksf] ;do tflnsfdf lhpg afWo ePsf x'G5g\ . / of] cj:yfsf] cjlw ;Lldt x'G5 / o;sf] kl5 tgfj d'Qm ;do lgsflnG5 eg] of] s'g} ;d:of rflxF xf]Og . ;do ;dodf 6f9fsf b]zx¿df uf]i7Ldf l;sfpg hfg] ofqf ug]{ ;dodf d d]/f] cfOtjf/sf] lbg of t ljdfg:ynx¿df of p8fgdf ljtfpg] ub{5' . olQsf];Dd t 7Ls} x'G5 .

xfdL oL ckjfbx¿nfO{ 5f]l8lbpFm / zlgjf/sf] ljbfsf] lbgsf] af/]df ljrf/ u/fF}F . of] ;ftf}+ lbg klg cGo lbgx¿df h:t} ToxL @$ 306f x'G5 . tyflk, of] lbgnfO{ leGg} k|sf/n] latfpg'k5{ . ;lqmo dflg;x¿n] of] lbgdf cem a9L lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g dg k/fpF5g\ . o;f] ug{sf nflu pgLx¿;Fu alnof sf/0f klg x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ of] /fd|} s'/f xf] eG5g\, clg xf] klg, cflv/ pgLx¿ sfd ug{ dg k/fpg] JolQmx¿ x'g\ . tyflk, pgLx¿n] s;/L lj>fd lng] eGg] s'/f lal;{Psf x'G5g\ . jf:tjdf, pgLx¿sf] nflu sfddf nflu/xg'eGbf ljbf lng' / cf/fd ug'{ a9L 56kl6sf] s'/f x'G5 . lj>fdsf] nflu zlQmsf] vfFrf] kb{5, lsgls s]xL gofF / ckl/lrt s'/fsf] lglDt d}n] cfkm}FnfO{ tof/L ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . /f]lsgnfO{ ;do nfU5, of] cfkm}F x'Fb}g lj>fdsf] nflu cufl8b]lv g} tof/L ug{'k5{ . lsgls ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /f]lsg' / cs:dft /f]lsg' p:t} xf]Ogg\ . tkfO{++ /f]lsg'ePkl5 kl/0ffd:j¿k ToxfF zflGt x'G5 . lj>fd vt/gfs x'g ;S5 . lj>fd lnFbf, d}n] crfgs cfkm}+nfO{ ;fdgf ug{k''U5' . ha d]lzg /f]lsG5 / sfof{nosf] b}lgs sfo{ Jo:ttfsf] cfjfh sd x'G5, ta Pp6f l/Qmtf b]vf kb{5 . of] l/Qmtfn] el/g] dfu ub{5 .

b'ef{Uojz, tkfO+{n] w]/} klxnf b]lv g} ;kmntfk"j{s bjfpg' ePsf tL ljrf/x¿ Tof] l/QmtfnfO{ eg{ cfOk'U5g\ . of] gld7f] x'g ;S5 . ;fy;fy}, tkfO{++n] cfh;Dd kG5fpg'ePsf] ljifodf tkfO{++sf] klt÷kTgLn] tkfO{++;Fu s'/f ug{ rfxG5g\ . o;sf] af/]df ;f]Rbf dfq} klg tkfO{++nfO{ tgfj x'G5 / ylst agfOlbG5, To;}n] oL ljifox¿nfO{ km]l/ bjfpg tkfO{++ sfddf cem} a9L Jo:t x'gk'Ug'x'G5 . o:tf] x'g' kb}{g, cem} egf}F eg] o:tf] x'g' x'Fb}g . lj>fdsf] lbg k|To]s JolQmsf] enfOsf] lglDt xf] . of] lbg cfgGbbfoL / /rgfTds x'g'kb{5 . ;fob, of] lbgsf] nflu tof/L ug'{ / of] lbgdf xfdL s] u5f}{+ eg]/ ljrf/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

oL lgodx¿ pkof]uL 5g\M

!= d lj>fdsf] lbg cTofjZos 5 egL 3f]if0ff ub{5' .

k/d]Zj/n] lj>fdsf] lbgnfO{ ;Defjgfsf] ¿kdf xf]Og, t/ xKtfsf] dxTjk"0f{ lbgsf] ¿kdf ;[li6 ug'{eof] . xfdLnfO{ vfgf / clS;hg cfjZos k/]h:t} afFRgsf] lglDt xfdLnfO{ of] lbgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

@= d lj>fdsf] lbgsf] pT;'stfk"j{s k|tLIff ub{5' .

ljz]if pT;jsf] ck]Iff ug'{ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o;nfO{ s;/L xfdLn] tof/ ub{5f}F eGg] s'/fn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 .

#= d cfˆgf] enfOsf] lglDt lj>fdsf] lbgsf] of]hgf agfpF5' .

of] lbgsf] of]hgf s;/L agfpg] eGg]df cgluGtL ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\ . slxn] sxLFF of] lbgsf] clwsf+z efu lj>fd u/]/ g} latfOG5 . slxn] sxLFF of] lbg ljleGg lqmofsnfk / ;DaGw lgdf{0fdf laTb5 . xfdLn] h];'s} u/] tfklg, of] lbg xfd|f] enfOsf] lglDt g} x'g'k5{ . o;nfO{ xfdLn] xfd|f sfd ug]{ lbgx¿af6 cnu /fVg' kb{5 . of] lbgn] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f ljrf/x¿nfO{ leGg} b[li6sf]0faf6 x]g{ / ltgLx¿nfO{ gofF tl/sfn] ;Ël7t kfg{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . o;n] xfdLnfO{ k|]/0ff lbg' kb{5 . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg, o;n] xfdLnfO{ k|Zg ug]{, xfd|f] cj:yf lgSof]{n ug]{ / gofF tl/sfn] ;'?jft ug]{ cj;/ ;d]t pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .

$= k/d]Zj/;Fu ljz]if e]6sf] lglDt dnfO{ lj>fd lbgsf] cfjZostf kb{5

k/d]Zj/;Fusf] e]6 zlgjf/sf] lbgdf dfq} xf]Og t/ x/]s lbg x'g' kb{5 . b}lgs hLjgdf k/d]Zj/;Fusf] of] e]6nfO{ k|foM xfd|f] jt{dfgsf 36gfx¿ / lg0f{ox¿n] k|efj kfb{5g\ . lj>fdsf] lbgn] gofF k|]/0ff k|fKt ug]{ / ljleGg b[li6sf]0f k|fKt ug]{ cj;/ lbG5 . lj>fdsf] lbg rr{ ;]jfdf jrg ;'Gb}ubf{, of] k':tssf] ljrf/ d]/f] dgdf cfPsf] lyof] .

a'l4n] el/g'

c;n pBdLx¿n] cfk"mnfO{ b}lgs ¿kdf a'l4 / zflGtn] eg'{ cfjZos x'G5 . d}n] oxfF 1fgsf] s'/f u/]sf] xf]Og . :jfefljs ¿kdf, 1fg klg o;sf] Pp6f lx:;f xf] t/ s'g} JolQmn] lng] lg0f{osf] u'0f:t/ p;df slt w]/} 1fg 5 eGg] s'/fdf eGbf p;sf] a'l4df e/k5{ . 1fgsf] pkof]lutf ;Lldt x'G5 . o;n] s]xLnfO{ ktglt/ ;d]t 8f]¥ofpg ;S5M o;sf] sf/0f pgLx¿n] cfkm}FnfO{ prfN5g\, 3d08L / lh2L aG5g\ .

ljut @) jif{df d}n] ;Ët u/]sf xhf/f}F pBdLx¿dWo]df w]/} pRrsf]6Lsf k|fl1s ¿kdf tflnd k|fKt JolQmx¿ cToGt} yf]/} dfq} lyP . pgLx¿nfO{ ;kmn pBdL agfpgsf] nflu pgLx¿sf] ljz]if1 / k|fljlws 1fg kof{Kt lyPg . To:tf sltko 1fg t pgLx¿sf lglDt afwf kf] ag]sf lyP .

Jojxf/df nfu" ul/Psf] 1fg g} a'l4 xf]M cjwf/0ffx¿ sfof{Gjog ug'{, bz{gx¿ k|fKt ug'{, d"NodfGotfx¿ / nfex¿ :yflkt ug'{, ;[hgzLn aGg', k|efj km}nfpg', uNtL / d"v{tf x6fpg', c;nsf] kIfdf / v/fasf] lj?4df n8\g' xf] . olb pBdLx¿ ;fFRr} a'l4dfg\ x'Gy] eg], pgLx¿n] cfw'lgs Jofj;flos ;+;f/sf w]/} cgfjZos s'/fx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] lyPgg\ . a'l4df lhDd]jf/L klg ;dfj]z ePsf] x'G5 .

w]/} jif{cl3 d Ps ;/sf/L lgsfo;Fu jftf{df ;+nUg ePsf] ;dodf d}n] cfˆgf b[9 ljZjf;nfO{ o;/L JoQm u/]sf] lyPFM æha dflg;x¿n] k/d]Zj/ k|ltsf] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L :jLsf/ ug{ 5f]8\5g\, rfF8} pgLx¿ dflg;x¿k|ltsf] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 klg klG5G5g\ .Æ of] egfOåf/f d}n] xfd|f] Jofj;flos sfo{qmdsf] lglDt O;fO{ Jofj;flos g}ltstfsf] dxTjnfO{ hf]8 lbg rfx]sf] lyPF . ;'?df d]/f] r]tfjgLnfO{ a]jf:tf ul/of] . :jtGqtfsf] of] o'udf xfdL k/d]Zj/;Fu xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] sfo{x¿sf] lglDt hjfkm dfu ug]{ clwsf/ 5 eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ ug{ rfxFb}gfF} . tyflk pxfF;Fu Tof] clwsf/ 5 eGg] s'/f ;To xf] . cfh, xfd|f kl/of]hgfsf kl/0ffdx¿n] of] s'/f :ki6 ¿kdf atfpF5g\ . ;+;f/nfO{ kmfObf dfq xTofpg] Joj:yfksx¿sf] cfjZostf 5}g . o;nfO{ t lhDd]jf/ pBdLx¿sf] vfFrf] 5 . olb cfwf/e"t g}lts rl/q ÷dfGotf c+uflnPsf] 5 eg] dfq o;n] sfd ub{5 . s]xL xb;Dd, o:tf] rl/q÷dfGotfsf] af/]df ljBfno / ljZjljBfnodf 5nkmn klg ul/G5 . /f]rs s'/f t s] 5 eg], of] rl/q÷dfGotfnfO{ ;+:yfut k|zf;g elgG5, h;n] of t w]/} s'/f atfpFb5, of s]xL klg atfpFb}g . o;nfO{ hLjgdf qmdzM Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ cEof; / nfu" ug{' kb{5 . o;sf lglDt tfls{s ¿kdf ljZn]if0f ug]{ / kl/jt{gsf] lglDt rfxgf ug'{k5{ . lj>fdsf] lbg ljgf Joj;fosf] g}ltstfdf x|f; cfpF5

x|f;sf] k|lqmof ghflgFbf] tl/sfn] ;'? x'G5, To;n] Jofj;flos g}ltstfnfO{ gi6 ul/lbG5 . clwsf+z ;dodf Jofj;flox¿ cfˆgf] Joj;fo c;n lgot;lxt ;'? ub{5g\ . To:tf] kl/l:ylt ;[hgf geP;Dd g}lts a]OdfgL, cw{–;To cyjf e|i6frf/ h:tf s'/fx¿sf af/]df Jofj;flon] ;f]r]s} x'Fb}g / To:tf s'/f Jofj;flos of]hgfdf klg ;dfj]zePsf x'Fb}gg\ . To;f] eP tfklg, o:tf lsl;dsf k/LIff cfpFbf, w]/} hgfn] ltgsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . /f]dflgofsf e"tk"j{ /fi6«klt Pldn sf]G;6flG6g]:s'n] cfˆgf] hgtfx¿nfO{ /fhLgfdfsf] 3f]if0ff hf/L ug]{ qmddf of] s'/fnfO{ / k"0f{ ¿kdf :ki6 kfb}{ JoQm u/]sf lyP -cg'jfb_ ætkfO{++x¿ x/]sn] xfd|f] b]zdf JofKt e|i6frf/sf] af/]df u'gf;f] ug'{x'G5 . t/ ha e|i6frf/af6 x'g] gfkmfsf] cj;/ cfpFb5, tkfO{++x¿ ;a} hgf To;df ;jf/ x'g'x'G5 .Æ oxfF sf]G;6flG6g]:s'n] xfdL ;a}df x'g] dfgjLo :jefjsf] af/]df rrf{ u/]sf x'g\ . o:tf] kl/l:yltaf6 aflx/ lg:sgsf] nflu c;n efjgf / g}lts ;f]rfO dfq geP/ Tof]eGbf dflyNnf] s]xL s'/fsf] klg vfFrf] kb{5 . o;sf] lglDt kl/jlt{t :jefjsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . dfgj hfltsf] lglDt c¿ s]xL geP/, olb xfdLn] pxfFnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ cg'dlt lbof}+eg], of] g} k/d]Zj/sf] rfxgf xf] . of] k|lqmofnfO{ xfdLn] :j}lR5s ¿kd} :jLsf/ ug'{k5{M s'g} klg JolQmn] o;sf] rfxgf ug]{k5{ . clg k/d]Zj/n] Tof] k"/f ug'{x'g]5 .

g}lts lbzf ;"rs oGq

kj{t r9\bfv]l/ d}n] lbzf–;"rs oGqsf] k|of]u s;/L ug]{ eg]/ l;Sg' k/]sf] lyof] . lbzf ;"rs oGqsf] ;'On] ;w}F+ pQ/ lbzf b]vfpFb5 . of] Jojxfl/s xf] . Psbd} afSnf] x':;' nfu]sf] / vt/gfs k|fs[lts cj:yfdf klg d cfˆgf] lbzf -af6f]_ kQf nufpg ;S5', h'g afFRgsf] lglDt cTofjZos x'G5 . g}lts efjgf / ;f]rfO ;lxt ;lqmo ePsf xfdL pBdLx¿df Pp6f lbzf;"rs oGq x'g' g} kb{5 / o;nfO{ s;/L k|of]u ug]{ eg]/ hfg]sf] x'g' kb{5 . xfdLn] nIo clg To;}sf] cfwf/df dfu{ lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . xfdL cndndf kg{' x'Fb}g . cfˆgf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 eg]/ hfFRgsf] nflu xfdLn] ;do ;dodf xfd|f] g}lts lbzf;"rs oGq k|of]u ug'{k5{ .

afOandf k/d]Zj/n] xfdL;Fu af]Ngsf] nflu k|foM b[i6fGtx¿ k|of]u ug'{ ePsf] 5 . tkfO{++n] oL b[i6fGtx¿n] /fd|f syfx¿sf] ¿kdf dfq} x]g'{ePsf] x'g ;S5, cyjf oL syfx¿nfO{ xfd|f afgL–Joxf]/fsf k|ltlaDjsf] ¿kdf b]Vg ;Sg' x'G5 . olb xfdLn] kl5Nnf] rflxFnfO{ 5gf]6 u¥of}F eg] oL syfx¿n] xfd|f] dfgl;stf / xfd|f Jojxf/nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ k|]l/t u5{g\ . lbzf;"rs oGq k|of]u ug'{ eg]sf]] oxL xf] .

afwf Nofpg] cj:yfx¿

lbzf;"rs oGqdf klg cj/f]w cfpg ;S5 . r'DasLo If]qx¿sf] zlQm a9\b} uPkl5, To;n] lbzf;"rs oGqsf] ;"O{nfO{ afwf ug{ ;S5 . t/ klg, lbzf;"rs oGq ;b}j lbzf;"rs oGqs} ¿kdf /xG5 . afwf NofpFg] cj:yfx¿ x6fOPkl5 km]l/ o;n] pQ/L lbzf g} b]vfpF5 .

o;sf] lglDt klg a'l4sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . s] d]/f] lbzf;"rs oGqn] jf:tjdf g} pQ/L lbzf b]vfO/x]sf] 5 of ToxfF glhs} s'g} afwf kf] 5 ls < afwfsf If]qx¿sf] klxrfg ug'{ dxTjk"0f{ 5 / o;nfO{ ;do lnP/ dgg ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . pBdLx¿ ljz]if u/]/ o:tf afwfsf If]qx¿sf af/]df ;t{s /xg'k5{ .

!= /ftf/ft wgL aGg] ;kgf

/ftf/ft wgL aGg] ;kgfn] tkfO{++nfO{ cGwf] agfOlbg ;S5 . l56f] / ;lhnf] ;kmntfsf] ;kgf vt/gfs x'G5 . pBdLx¿ of] kf;f]df km:g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . pgLx¿n] 7'nf] kl/df0fdf ¿k}ofFk};f b]v]kl5 cfˆgf] ljj]s u'dfpF5g\ / nf]edf k/]/ xtf/df lg0f{o ub{5g\ . o;/L l5§} ¿k}ofFk};f g} O{Zj/ jf d"lt{ aGg k'U5 . o;sf] /fd|f] pbfx/0f egsf] cfˆgf] lx:;fsf] clws d"NofÍg kfpg] dfgl;stf xf] . cfˆgf] lwtf]kqsf] d"No j[l4 ug{sf] nflu dflg;x¿ / d"No dfGotfx¿nfO{ k};fsf] j]bLdf aln r9fOG5 . k/f]ksf/L pBdzLntfdf o;sf] s'g} :yfg x'Fb}g .

@= km/flsnf, nf]Eofpg] af6fx¿

Jofj;flos ;df/f]xx¿df w]/} jQmfx¿ ;Fu} Ps} 7fpFdf x'g] ub{5g\ . k|efjsf/L ¿kdf af]Nb}, pgLx¿n] l56f] / ;lhnf] u/L k};f sdfP/ wgL aGg] s'/f k|:t't ub{5g\ . em§ x]bf{ l;4 gd"gfx¿ k|:t't ub}{, pgLx¿n] lwtf]kq ahf/df s;/L cg'dfg nufP/ u0fgf u/L w]/} k};f sdfpg ;lsG5 egL ;a}sf ;fd' k|:t't ub{5g\ . s'g} laGb'df k'u]/ ltgLx¿sf] :j/ dGb x'Fb} x/fP/ hfG5, ;fob pgLx¿ ¿k}ofFk};f s'DNofP/ ToxfFaf6 lxF8] . ;kmntfsf] af6f] k|foM ;fFu'/f] / cK7\Øf/f] x'G5 . o;n] xfdLnfO{ ;fjwfgLk"j{s cufl8 a9\b} cj/f]wx¿dfly ljho k|fKt ug{{ hf]8 lbG5 .

#= lg/fzfhgs ljZn]if0f

pBdL / pBdzLntfsf ;f]rfO ePsf Joj:yfksx¿ ;w}FF zÍfn' / l9nf;':tL ug]{x¿af6 3]l/Psf x'G5g\, h;n] s'g} gofF ljrf/ hf]lvdo'Qm 5 / Tof] ;kmn x'Fb}g eg]/ tTsfn} !) j6f sf/0fx¿ t]:of{OlbG5g\ . o;n] tgfj ;[hgf u5{ / lgliqmo t'NofpF5 . pBdLx¿sf jl/kl/ To:tf dflg;x¿ x'g'kb{5, h;n] pgLx¿sf ljrf/x¿nfO{ tfls{s / /rgfTds 9Ën] d"NofÍg ug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ . of] klg a'l4sf] Pp6f kIf xf] .

afOann] lj:t[t ¿kdf a'l4sf] af/]df l;sfpFb5 . ;f]nf]dgsf] lxtf]kb]zdf xfdL a'l4sf] ;'?jft x'G5 eg]/ l;Sb5f}F . / of] k/d]Zj/sf] eoaf6 ;'? x'G5, cyft\, k/d]Zj/nfO{ ul/g] cfb/af6 ;'? x'G5 . a'l4 lsg lj/n} dfq kfpg ;lsG5 eg]/ ca t a'‰g'kg]{ xf]Og / < a'l4sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] xfdL xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg tof/ 5f}F / xfd|f sfo{x¿df xfdL pxfFk|lt hjfkmb]xL 5f}F .

of] klg lj>fd lbgsf] Pp6f efu xf] . xfdL xfd|f] cflTds srf}/fnfO{ an / a'l4n] eg{ ;S5f}F . of] l;Q}Fdf kfOG5 / o;sf] nflu xfdLn] rf;f] /fv]/ sbd dfq} a9fpg' k5{ .

kl/jt{gsf] nflu zlQm rflxG5 – / o;n] pmhf{ j[l4 u5{

pBdLx¿n] af/Daf/ cfˆgf] efjgfTds zlQm cyjf hLjgsf] cfgGbsf] e08f/nfO{ klg a]jf:tf ug]{ ub{5g\ . tkfO{++sf] lrxfgsf] lznfn]vdf cfˆgf] af/]df s] n]lvPsf] xf];\ eGg] rfxg'x'G5 < s] o:tf] n]lvPdf To;n] tkfO{++nfO{ v';L agfpnf, æsfd g} p;sf] hLjg lyof] .Æ hLjg sfd / Joj;fo eGbf a9L xf] . of] ;kmntf / ;DklQ eGbf klg a9L xf] . / zf/Ll/s :j:Yo eGbf klg a9L xf] .

cjsfz k|fKt JolQmx¿sf] lgldt j[4f>d Joj:yfkg ug]{x¿ b'O{ bzsb]lv d]/f ;]jfu|fxL /lxcfPsf 5g\ . To;}sf/0f, d k|foM u/L To:tf cf>dx¿ e|d0f ub{5' / s]xL dxTjk"0f{ cGt/b[li6 k|fKt u/]sf] 5' . oL j[bf>ddf dflg;x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] hLjgsf] clGtd cj:yfx¿ eP/ u'hF|b} u/]sf] cjnf]sg ub{5' . oL dflg;x¿ ca sDkgLx¿ ;'?jft ug]{ s'/fdf ;/f]sf/ /fVb}gg\ . gt pgLx¿ cUnf] kxf8 g} r9\b5g\ . pgLx¿ of t a:5g\ of cf]5\Øfgdf kN65g\ / pgLx¿;Fu k|z:t ;do x'G5 clg pgLx¿ k|tLIff ub{5g\ . sf]xL a]n'sLsf] vfgfsf] nflu cyjf cfˆgf ;Gtfgn] pgLx¿nfO{ e]6\g cfOlbof];\ egL k|tLIff ub{5g\, c¿ s]jn d[To'sf] k|tLIff ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿dWo] sltkon] au}Frfdf ePsf ?vsf kftx¿ x]b{5g\ jf kfgLsf] kmf]x/fsf] cfjfh ;'Gb5g\ cyjf a}7s sf]7fdf ePsf ;'ufx¿;Fu aftlrt ub{5g\ . c¿x¿ kL8faf6 5'6\sf/f kfpg] csf]{ vf]ksf] k|tLIff ub{5g\ . oL dflg;x¿sf] lglDt ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f eg]sf] ;fob x]/rfx ug]{ sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Gofgf] xft / ldqjt d':sfg xf]nf . j[4fj:yfdf hLjg o:t} x'G5 . s'g} lbg xfd|f] hLjg klg ;Dejt o:t} x'g]5 .

ca d cg'xf/x¿df x]b{5' . oL dflg;x¿sf] hLjg pgLx¿sf] cg'xf/df emlNsG5 . cfZro{hgs ¿kdf ltgLx¿dWo] w]/}df s7f]/tf / ltQmtf b]lvG5 . pgLx¿ ToxfFsf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu emu8f u5{g\, cfˆgf] kl/l:yltsf] af/]df :jf:Yosf] af/]df, e]6 ug{ gcfpg] JolQmx¿sf] af/]df, Ps} k|sf/sf] vfgfsf] af/]df / x/]s s'/fsf] af/]df u'gf;f] ub{5g\ . pgLx¿ klxnf o;/L g} lhPsf lyP . s7f]/tf / ltQmtfn] j[4 cj:yfdf cem} 3lge"t dfq aGg] xf] . o;/L k|tLIff af]lemnf] / cGToxLg aGg k'U5 .

;f}efUoj; To:tf dflg;x¿ klg x'G5g\ hf] o:tf x'Fb}gg\ . pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yon] pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} s'/fx¿sf] vfFrf]df 5fl8lbP klg pgLx¿n] s;}nfO{ d':sfg lbgsf] nflu x/]s cj;/sf] k|of]u u5{g\ . cfk"m;Fu} j[4f>ddf a:g]x¿nfO{, pgLx¿nfO{ e]6\g cfpg]x¿nfO{ / sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] d':sfgåf/f c;n cg'ej u/fpF5g\ . pgLx¿ klg ToxL 3/df a:5g\, p:t} vfgf vfG5g\, p:t} kL8fsf] cg'e"lt u5{g\ / klg v';L /xG5g\ . pgLx¿sf] k|tLIff leGb} k|sf/sf] k|tLIff xf] .

xfdL j[4 cj:yfdf slt :j:Yo /xg ;S5f}F eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] Tolt w]/} k|efj kfg{ ;Sb}gf}+ . To;f] eP tfklg, xfd|f] JolQmTjsf] cfsif{0f o:tf] k|sf/sf] x'g]5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] w]/} xb;Dd k|efj kfg{ ;S5f}F . hjfg cj:yfdf xfdLn] cfˆgf] ;f]rfO, Jojxf/ / JolQmTjsf] cfsif{0fnfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;S5f}F . h;/L P]gfn] xfd|f] jf:tljstfnfO{ b]vfOlbG5, o;/L g} a'l4 / an k|fKt ug{, cfjZos k/]sf] s'/f kl/jt{g ug{ / s] kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f a'‰gsf] nflu xfdLnfO{ cfTd;dLIffsf] vfFrf] kg{ ;S5 . lj>fdsf] lbgn] oL s'/fx¿ k"/f ug{sf] nflu ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;S5 .

cWofo $

s] s'g} sDkgL lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu s;};Fu klxnf cg'ej eP ;lhnf] x'G5, ls x'Fb}g < d]/f] ljrf/df cg'ejn] o;nfO{ ;lhnf] agfOlbG5, olb d}n] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf kl/jt{g x'g] Ifdtf k|fKt u/]sf] 5' eg] . xf]Og eg], cg'ej g} Pp6f rnfpg g;lsg] afwfsf] ¿kdf v8f x'g ;S5 . w]/} pBdLx¿nfO{ of] s'/f ;To xf] eGg] yfxf 5 . sltko ;xsdL{x¿nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ sl7g x'G5 . olb xfdLn] o;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sof}F eg], xfdLn] k'gtf{huL ug]{ / / sDkgLsf] j[l4nfO{ ;Ifd agfO/x]sf x'G5f}F . rf}‌yf]‌ cf1faf6 xfdL s]‌ l;S5f}‌+ æltd|f a'af /‌ cfdfnfO{ cfb/‌ u/‌Æ <

rf}yf] cf1fn] km]l/ klg cfb/;Fu :ki6 ¿kdf dof{bfqmdsf] ;DaGwnfO{ hf]8\b5 . of] kfl/jfl/s hLjg afx]s cGo s'/fx¿;Fu klg TolQs} ¿kdf ;To 5 . sDkgLdf tfnd]nsf] cefjn] pTkG g x'g] 3f6f / emu8fx¿ kf/:kl/s cfb/sf] cefj, / :ki6 sfo{ k|lqmof / ;+/rgfsf] cefjsf] sf/0f ;'? x'g] ub{5g\ . rf}yf] cf1fnfO{ kfngf ugf{n] bL3f{o' / c;n hLjg k| fKt x'g]5 egL k/d]Zj/n] k|lt1f ug'{ ePsf] 5 . s] xfd|f] sDkgLsf] lglDt klg jf:tjdf xfdLn] rfx]sf] oxL xf]Og / < ;kmntf / bL3f{o' <

gofF ;'?jft ePsf w]/} sDkgLx¿n] slxNo} klg ;kmntfsf] cg'ej ug{ kfpFb}gg\ / klxnf] # jif{sf] Jofj;flos ofqf kf/ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . Tof] b'Mvb s'/f xf] . o;sf] kl/0ffdn] w]/} kL8f / lg/fzf NofOlbG5 . clwsf+z cj:yfdf sDkgL :yfkgfsf] r/0fd} pBdLsf] w]/} zlQm / >d vr{ eO;s]sf] x'G5 . o;sf/0f cGTodf, w]/} ;kgfx¿ / hLjgx¿ eUgfjz]ifdf kl/0ft x'g k'U5g\ . oxfFlg/ s] uNtL ePsf] lyof] t < ahf/sf] v/fa cj:yfnfO{ d'lZsn}n] bf]if nufpg ;lsG5 . w]/} k6s c;kmntfsf] sf/0f ahf/sf] dfucg';f/ j:t' jf ;]jfx¿ pTkfbg gx'g' xf] . k|foM cGo cem} a9L lhDd]jf/ sf/0fx¿df cu'jfkgsf] uNtL, v/fa ;~rf/ / Jofj;flos of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{df sdhf]/Lx¿ x'g\ .

clwsf+z Joj;fo / ;+:yfx¿ kfFrj6f r/0f x'g] hLjg rqm eP/ u'lh|G5g\ . k|To]s r/0fsf]] cfˆg} ljz]iftf 5 . Pp6f tTj rflxF of] xf] ls ahf/ :jo+ g} ljleGg :j¿kdf b]vf kg]{ ub{5 . csf]{ rflxF of] x/]s r/0fdf km/s– km/s pBdzLntfsf] cu'jfkgsf] e"ldsfsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . oL kfFr r/0fsf] gd"gf Jofj;flos k/fdz{df Ps dxTjk"0f{ ;fwg xf] . o;n] dxTjk"0f{ cj:yfx¿nfO{ k|s6 ub{5 / /0fgLltx¿sf] c g';Gwfgdf ;xfotf k'¥ofpFb5 . sDkgLsf] hLjgsf % j6f r/0fx¿

r/0f !M :yfkgfsf] cj:yf – ;+/rgf kfOg;s]sf] ahf/

of] r/0fsf] lglDt ;'?jft ug]{ pBdLkg rflxG5 h;n] Pp6f ljrf/nfO{ gfkmf lbg;Sg] pTkfbgdf ab\ng ;S5 . lg0f{ox¿df k'Ugsf] nflu ;'?jftstf{x¿nfO{ 5nkmnsf] lglDt 5f]6f] ;do eP k'U5 / pgLx¿ hf]lvd df]Ngsf] lglDt tof/ x'G5g\ . cj/f]wx¿ lj/n} dfqdf pgLx¿sf] lglDt afws aGg] ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] cToGt} l56f] tl/sfn] sfd ub{5g\ ;}4flGts of]hgfx¿eGbf Jojxfl/s ljlwx¿ dg k/fpF5g\ . ;'?jft ug]{x¿ cfˆgf lg0f{ox¿ l;wf ¿kdf hf]l;nf] ¿kdf ;~rf/ ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;a} ;xefuLx¿n] tTsfn} sfo{ u?g\ eGg] ck]Iff /fVb5g\ . ;'?jft ug]{x¿n] k|efjsf/L 9Ën] cu'jfO ub{5g\ . pgLx¿sf] g]t[Tjn] b|'t ultdf / Jofjxfl/s sfo{tkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb5 . ;d:ofx¿ b]vf kbf{, To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu pgLx¿n] cToGt} tLj| ultdf k|ltlqmof hgfpFb5g\ . ;'?jft ug]{ Joj:yfks ;w}FF ;a}lt/ pkl:yt x'G5 / ;a} ;xefuLx¿n] Pscsf{;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf ;~rf/ u5{g\ . ToxfF jfbljjfb / cgfjZos 5nkmnsf] lglDt ;do x'Fb}g . tyflk, o:tf k|sf/sf Joj:yfksx¿df klg sdhf]/ kIf x'G5 . ;'?jft ug]{x¿n] w]/} h;f] rdTsfl/s cu'jfx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ h;n] cfˆgf] afx]s c¿sf] ljljwtfnfO{ ;xg ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿ rfxG5g\, jf cem egfF} eg] dfu g} u5{g\ ls pgLx¿n] rfx]sf] ljrf/ sfof{Gjog ePsf] xf];\ . cfˆgf] c8fg ePsf ;xsdL{x¿n] of t Tof] sDkgL 5f8\b5g\, cyjf cfˆgf] ;[hgzLn IfdtfnfO{ k|of]udf NofpFb}gg\ .

r/0f @ M j[l4sf] cj:yf – ljsl;t eO{g;s]sf] ahf/

bf];|f] r/0fdf ug]{jfnf JolQmsf] dfu ub{5 . o;} ;dodf j:t'sf] dfu dfq geP/ sfdbf/sf] ;+Vofdf klg j[l4 ePsf] x'G5 . of] ;dodf ;'?jft ug]{sf]] g]t[Tjz}nL ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf] x'G5 . sfo{Ifdtf / lhDd]jf/Lx¿ :ki6¿kdf afFl8Psf] x'g'kb{5 . sfdsf k|lqmofx¿ a[xt\ / ;ª\ul7t ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 tfls ha ltgLx¿nfO{ k'gM k|of]u ul/G5 / ljleGg sfdbf/x¿ k|of]u ubf{ klg, To;n] Pp6} kl/0ffd lbg' kb{5 . h;} d'gfkmfdf j[l4 x'G5, ToxLcg';f/ nfut / hf]lvdx¿df klg j[l4 x'g yfNb5g\ . o;df lx;falstfa / nufgL lgoGq0fsf nflu Jofj;flos ;fwgsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . o; r/0fdf k'u]kl5, w]/} dflg;x¿ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'G5g\ . o;sf] nflu pgLx¿nfO{ ljZjf;of]Uo Joj:yfkgsf] hfgsf/L lbg] k4ltsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . sfd ug]{ g]t[Tjz}nLsf nflu ;xsdL{x¿df cu|;/tf, af}l4s Ifdtf / :jljj]s k|of]u ug]{ dfgl;stfsf] k|j4{g u/fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . ;a} txsf ;xsdL{x¿ cfˆg} txdf lg0f{o ug{ OR5's / ;Ifd x'g'k5{, clg lhDd]jf/L u|x0f ug{ tof/ x'g} k5{ . c;n ;xsdL{x¿n] sDkgLleq bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf ljsNkx¿ ePsf] b]Vg rfxG5g\ .

r/0f # M leGgtfsf] r/0f — ahf/df cfwf/e"t dfu k"/f ePsf] x'G5

of] r/0fsf] nflu, ;[hgzLn /0fgLltx¿sf] vfFrf] kb{5 . pgLx¿ cfsif{s nlIft ahf/ vf]H5g\ / k|efjsf/L k|lt/Iffsf] /0fgLlt tof/ ub{5g\ . oxfFlg/ Kof6]G6 /fO6sf] ;+/If0fn] 7'nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 . To;f] eP tfklg, gofF vf]hsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ult lbgfn] k|lt:kwL{x¿sf] eGbf a9L kmfObf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . of] cj:yfdf g]t[Tjsf] z}nLdf af}l4s Ifdtfdf / ;[hgfzLntfdf leGgtf Nofpg] u'0f ePsf] x'G5 . kl/dflh{t /0fgLltnfO{ nufgLstf{, ;xsdL{ / u|fxsx¿;Fu ljZjf; lbnfpg] tl/sfn] ;~rf/ ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . ;kmntfsf] nflu :ki6 k|fyldstfx¿ tf]lsPsf] x'g'kb{5 . ;do - ;dodf /0fgLlt1n] kf]6{kmf]lnof]df x/fO/x]sf] IfdtfnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ ul/ lg0f{ox¿ ug{' kg]{ x'G5 tfls 5/k:6 ePsf] ;fdYo{nfO{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/fdf s]lG›t ug{ ;lsof];\ . of] r/0fdf lnPsf] ;xL lg0f{on] sDkgLnfO{ gjLgtd vf]h / km}nfj6df nfg] ub{5 . of] r/0fdf w]/} ;do /fVg klg ;lsG5 / To;f] ePdf r/0f $ / % nfO{ w]/} k/ ws]Ng ;lsG5 , Ps /fd|f] kl/b[Zo eP/ cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] oL r/0fx¿ gcfpg klg ;Sb5g\ .

r/0f $M ;alns/0f r/0f — ahf/ 9flsPsf] cj:yf

ha j[‌l4 x'g 5f]‌8\b5, k|zf;s k|j]‌z ub{5g\ . b"w lbg]‌ ufO{af6 b"w kfpGh]‌n b"w b'x'G5g\, cyf{t, s]‌xL nfut arfpg sf]‌lz; u5{g\, /‌ o;f]‌ u/‌]‌/‌, ;Dej eP;Dd gfkmfsf]‌ :yfg /‌fV5g\ . pTkfbgsf]‌ cfwf/‌df of]‌ cj:yf lgs}‌ 5f]‌6f] klg‌ x'g ;S5 . tyflk, of]‌ lgs}‌ jif{;Dd klg tlGsg ;S5 . k|zf;ssf]‌ g]t[Tj z}‌nLnfO{ lg/‌Gt/‌tf /‌ k"0f{tfdf Wofg lbg]‌ cfwf/‌df rl/‌q lrq0f ul/‌G5 .

r/0f %M t/‌ntfsf] r/0f– sDkgL /‌ pTkfbgx¿ cGo ahf/‌sf ;xefuLx¿åf/f‌ k|lt:yflkt x'G5g\

b'MvnfUbf]‌ s'/‌f, k|fo h;f]‌ ;+:yf /‌ kmd{x¿sf]‌ hLjg rqm s]‌xL s'g} laGb'df cGTo x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] Jofj;flos sfd ;fdfGot k"/‌f x'G5 . cyjf pgLx¿n]‌ dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o ug{ g;s]‌sfn]‌ kl5 k5{g\\ . ;fob pgLx¿n] pQ/flwsf/Lsf] tof/L ug{ ;s]gg\ . ca k'g ;+/rgfstf{ nfO{ cfXjfg ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿n] ‌ af“sL / ‌ x] ‌ sf t/ ‌ ntfnfO{ ;Sbf] ‌ k|of] ‌ u ug'{k5{ tfls C0f ltg{ ;lsof]‌;, ;Dej ePdf, gof“ kl/of]hgf ;'? ug{ ;lsof]‌; . of]‌ k'g ;'? ug]‌{ JolQm k|ToIf b]‌vf gk/‌f]‌; . a?, p;n]‌ of]‌ t/‌ntfsf]‌ cj:yfdf ;a}‌ ;xefuLx¿nfO{ nfe lbnfpg'k5{ .

;+qmd0fsf cj:yfx¿M

x/]s r/0f larsf] ;+qmd0f cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 / o;nfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ . ;+qmd0fsfn Joj:yfkg ubf{sf] u'0f:t/n] sDkgLnfO{ ljz]if cj;/ klg lbg;S5 cyjf o;n] hf]lvddf kfg{ klg ;S5 . To;}sf/0fn] of] ;+qmd0f sfnnfO{ s;/L ;kmntfk"j{s Joj:yfkg ug]{ eGg] af/]df oxfF s]xL ;'emfjx¿ lbOPsf 5g\ . oLdWo] clwsf+zn] s:tf] ;+:s[ltdf Joj:yfkg ;~rfng ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg u5{g\ . zAbsf]ifcg';f/, ;+:s[lt eg]sf] hLjgz}nLsf] ;du|tf xf] . o;/L, xfdLn] g]t[Tjz}nLsf] af/]df dgg ug{'k5{ / of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] o;nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ / cfsf/ lbg] k|of; ug'{k5{ . ljutsf bzsx¿df w]/} g]t[Tjz}nLx¿ ljsl;t ePsf 5g\ / k/LIf0f ul/Psf 5g\ . ltgLx¿dWo] Pp6f z}nLdfq jf:tljs¿kdf of]Uo k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5, Tof] xf] kl/l:ylthGo g]t[Tjz}nL . of] z}nLn] cfk"mnfO{ jf:tljs kl/l:ylt cg's"n agfpFb5 . g]t[Tj ul/g' kg]{ ljleGg k|sf/sf dflg;x¿ / sDkgLsf] hLjgsf ljleGg r/0fx¿n] kl/l:yltnfO{ k|efj kfb{5g\ .

xFl;nf] jftfj/0fdf ;a} s'/f /fd|f x'G5g\

lgZrog} Tofxf Pp6f o:tf] ;f+:s[lts tTj 5 h;n] lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]N5, Tof] xf] xF;Ldhfs . xF;Ldhfs ug]{ dflg;x¿ x:;Ldhfs ug]{ jftfj/0f gePsf] sDkgLdf sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;':t agfpF5 / lbSs kfl/lbG5 . xF;Ldhfs/lxt dflg;x¿n] cfˆgf] pQd Ifdtf / pRr Jofj;flostf x'Fbf x'Fb} klg dWod\ :t/sf] ;kmntf dfq} kfpFb5g\ . sfdsf x/]s r/0fdf ltgLx¿n] w]/} zlQm vr{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;fgfltgf uNtLn] klg pgLx¿nfO{ ktg u/fpg ;S5 . To;sf] ljkl/t, xF;Ldhfs ug]{ dflg;x¿nfO{ t'ngfTds ¿kn] 7"nf uNtL u/]/ klg pDs5g\ . pgLx¿n] uNtL ubf{, dflg;x¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ Ifdf lbOxfN5g\ . xF;Ldhfs ug]{ dflg;x¿n] sfd ;lhn} cufl8 a9fpF5g\ / pgLx¿n] Tolt w]/} zlQm klg vr{ ub{{}gg\ . b'ef{Uosf] s'/f, xF;Ldhfs gug]{ afgL ;d"xsf] csf]{ ;b:odf klg ;b{5 . o;sf/0f, xfdL o;sf] af/]df xf]l;of/ x'g'k5{ . uf]i7Lx¿df d}n] k|foM ;'Gg] u/]sf] 5' ls xF;Ldhfs tkfO{++df ePsf] JolQmTjdf lge{/ ub{5 . s;};Fu xF;Ldhfssf] :jefj x'G5, / s;};Fu x'Fb}g . of] unt xf] . d]/f] eGg' dtna xF;Ldhfsk"0f{ dflg;x¿n] ;w}FF 76\of}nL g} ul//xg'k5{ eGg] xf]Og . cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ lbgx¿, 76\of}nL u/]/} latfpg] dflg;x¿n] cfˆgf] sdhf]/L jf cbIftfnfO{ 9fs5f]k ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . xf]Og, d}n] ;Í]t ug{ vf]h]sf] xF;Ldhfs cln uDeL/ vfnsf] 5 . / of] l;Sg ;lsG5 . jfxl/u hd{gL zAbsf]ifdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ dnfO{ xF;Ldhfssf] kl/efiff dgk5{, -cg'jflbt_ xF;Ldhfs hLjgsf] cFWof/f] kIfnfO{ cfglGbt zflGt / af}l4stfsf] sfa'df /fv]/ x]g]{ Ifdtf xf] .Æ of] kl/efiffn] w]/} a'l4 / af}l4stfsf] sfo{nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . klxnf] s'/f xF;Ldhfs Pp6f Ifdtf xf] . Ifdtfx¿ eg]sf v'aLx¿ x'g\ . afOann] xfdLnfO{ v'aLx¿nfO{ hldgd'lg guf8\g, t/ ltgLx¿nfO{ k|of]u ug{ l;sfpF5 . ltgLx¿nfO{ ljsf; ug'{k5{ / ;an kfg'{ k5{ . xF;Ldhfs klg dfgjLo :jefj ePsfn] o;nfO{ klg ljsf; ug'{k5{ / ;an kfg'{ k5{ . s] d dflg;x¿ / d]/f] jl/kl/sf] kl/j];nfO{ jf d cfkm}FnfO{ klg gsf/fTds ¿kdf lng]u5'{ < To;f] ePdf, x/]s s'/f d]/f] lglDt af]em h:tf] nfU5 .

lgw{Sstf

To;f] eP tfklg, d cfglGbt lgw{Sstf;lxt hLjgsf] cFWof/f] kIfnfO{ x]g{ l;Sg ;S5' . lgw{Sstf pRr u'0f:t/sf] hLjgsf] lglDt rfaL xf] . lgw{Sstfsf] cy{ :jtGqtf xf] . clwsf+z dflg;x¿ ;fFrf] ¿kdf :jtGq x'Fb}gg\ . pgLx¿ cfk"mn] kl/jt{g ug{ g;Sg] s'/fx¿sf] af/]df lrlGtt x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿ lhDd]jf/L lng' gkg]{ s'/fx¿sf] lglDt lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /fVb5g\ . To:tf s'/f h'g g t pgLx¿n] ;DxfNg g} ;S5g\ g t pgLx¿n] ;DxfNg' g} kb{5 . ltgLx¿ cfˆgf] uNtL eP jf geP tfklg, bf]ifsf] efjgfn] u|l;t ePsf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ c¿x¿n] pgLx¿sf] af/]df s] ;f]R5g\ To;df e/ k5{g\ . oL ljifox¿ :jlgld{t lge{/tf / c:j:y nufjx¿ x'g\ . o:tf lsl;dsf aGwgaf6 lg:sg k|foh;f] dfgjLo zlQmeGbf a9L s]xL s'/fsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . k/d]Zj/;Fusf] ;DaGwsf] d'Vo tTj eg]sf] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ o:tf lsl;dsf nufjx¿af6 :jtGq t'Nofpg' xf] . k/d]Zj/;Fu 3lgi6 ;DaGwdf /x]/ lhpg] dflg;x¿ lgw{Ss x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ cgfjZos ¿kdf lrGtf ub}{gg\ . oBlk pgLx¿n] cfk"mnfO{ lhDdf lbOPsf s'/fsf] af/]df / cfˆgf] ;fdYo{ ePsf] s'/fdf lkmqmL /fV5g\ .

nfdf] ;do;Dd d}n] 7§of}nL ug]{ dflg;x¿n] ;+;f/nfO{ ;txdf dfq} a'e]msf x'G5g\ / t pgLx¿ xfF:5g\ eGg] ;f]r]sf] lyPF . of] t Psbd} unt /x]5 . xF;Ldhfs ug]{ dflg;x¿n] af}l4s prfO wf/0ff u/]sf x'G5g\ . d}n] oxfF 3d08nfO{ ;Í]t ul//x]sf] 5}g . of] a'l4;Fu ;DalGwt 5, h'grflxF 36gfx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf] jf:tljs ;Gbe{;lxt a'‰g] / juL{s/0f ug]{ Ifdtf xf] . cGTodf of] k/d]Zj/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 j:t'x¿nfO{ x]g]{ s'/f g} xf] .

s] tkfO{++ xF;Ldhfssf] ulx/fOnfO{ a'‰g'x'G5 < s] tkfO+{ xF;Ldhfssf] k|efjn] Nofpg] 5'6sf/fnfO{ a'‰g' x'G5 < s] tkfO{++ xF;Ldhfsn] ;[hgf ug]{ ;sf/fTds t/Ë s;/L km}nFb} hfG5 eGg] s'/f a'‰g'x'G5 < pBdzLntfsf lqmofsnfkx¿ cfgGbbfoL x'g' k5{ .

z'Gotfsf] cj:yfb]lv ;'?jftsf] cj:yf;Dd

sDkgL :yfkgf x'g'eGbf cufl8, sDkgLsf] s'g} cl:tTj g} x'Fb}g . To;kl5, s'g} JolQmsf] dl:tisdf Pp6f ;f]rfO k|j]z u5{ . of] ;f]rfOnfO{ hNbf]aNbf] ;d:of, slxn] sxL+F :jt:km"t{ ljrf/ jf c¿x¿sf] pTk|]/0ffaf6 ;lqmo agfOlbG5 . o:tf clwsf+z ljrf/x¿ cfpF5g\, hfG5g\ . oL ljrf/dWo] yf]/} dfq kl/of]hgfsf ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ul/G5g\ jf gofF sDkgLsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t x'G5g\ . Tof] b'ef{Uosf] s'/f xf] . ltgLx¿dWo] w]/}df ;kmntfsf] ;Defjgf lyof] . ;fFrf] pBdLx¿n] oL ljrf/nfO{ cj;/sf] ¿kdf a'‰g ;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf; u/]sf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿df To:tf ljrf/nfO{ sRrf lx/fsf] ¿kdf b]Vg ;Sg] Ifdtf x'G5, h'grflxF kl5 uP/ tof/L uxgf aG5 . pgLx¿ cfˆgf] ægofF afnsÆ sf] lglDt hf]lvd axg ug{ / ¿k}ofFk};f, ;do / hLjg nufgL ug{ OR5's x'G5g\ . o;/L Pp6f ljrf/ Pp6f kl/of]hgf x'Fb} To;kl5 sDkgLsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ePsf] x'G5 .

of] cj:yfdf w]/} ;Nnfxsf/x¿ / cfnf]rsx¿ b]vf kb{5g\ . oxfFlg/ /fd|f of]ubfgx¿nfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lng' cfjZos x'G5, t/ :ki6 ¿kdf cNemfpg] / v/fa ;Nnfxsf] klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 / To;kl5 To;nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf a]jf:tf ug{'k5{ . cfˆgf ljrf/x¿sf] k|jå{g ug]{ qmddf Pp6f ;kmn ;'?jftstf{n] dfgjLo :jefjnfO{ k|foM /fd|/L a'em]sf] x'G5 . p;n] s'g} ¿kdf cfk"mnfO{ d2t ug{] dflg;x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] jl/kl/ e]nf u5{ .

of] cj:yfdf cTolws ;+/rgf / cf}krfl/s ;+u7g pGgltsf] lglDt afws aGb5g\ . k|zf;g / kbLo ;Í]tx¿nfO{ ;Sbf] sd ul/G5 .

;f/f an pQm ljrf/nfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s j:t' jf ;]jfdf 9fNgsf]nflu s]lGb|t ul/Psf] x'G5 . o;/L sfd ;[hgf ul/G5 h;n] a]/f]huf/L / lg/fzfnfO{ x6fOlbG5 .

;'?jftsf] cj:yfb]lv j[l4sf] cj:yf;Dd

hxfF k|sfz x'G5, ToxfF 5fofFx¿ klg x'G5g\ . o;sf/0f, km/s kl/j];df nfu" ul/Pdf sDkgLsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] an klg ;a}eGbf 7'nf] b'a{ntf aGg ;S5 . w]/} ;'?jftstf{x¿sf] lgolt o:t} x'G5 . pgLx¿n] ;kmntf kfPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] w]/} cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf x'G5g\ . Joj;fo s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/f klg pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf x'G5 . To;f] eP tfklg, kl/l:yltx¿ kl/jt{g ePsf / pgLx¿sf sfd ug]{ tl/sfn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5}g eGg] s'/f a'em\b}gg\ . o:tf] ePkl5, pgLx¿n] cfˆgf ;xsdL{x¿nfO{ c1fgL ePsf] jf ahf/sf] cj:yf k|lts"n ePsf] egL bf]if lbG5g\ . jf:tljs tYo t of] xf] ls ltgLx¿sf ;xsdL{x¿ c1fgL xf]Ogg\, t/ a9L af]emn] nflbPsf x'g\ . / ahf/sf cj:yfx¿ klg ljutdfeGbf a9L k|lts"n ePsf x'Fb}gg\, ltgLx¿ hl6n dfq ePsf x'G5g\ . of] gofF kl/l:yltn] gofF k|sf/sf] g]t[Tjz}nLsf] dfu ub{5 . ;'?jftstf{x¿sf nflu o;sf] cy{ lgoGq0f 5f]8\lbg' xf] / pgLx¿sf nflu Tof] ufx|f] sfd aGg ;S5 . d}n] To:tf sDkgLsf ;'?jftstf{x¿nfO{ lrg]sf] 5' h;n] ;]jflgj[Q x'g] pd]/ eO{;Sbf klg sDkgLdf ks8 hdfO{ al;/xG5g\ . kl5Nnf] k':tfnfO{ ;fdfGo e"ldsf dfq lgjf{x ug{ lbOG5 . pgLx¿n] ;'?jftstf{x¿s} O;f/fdf rNg afWo x'G5g\ / cfˆg} lsl;dn] cg'ej a6'Ng] df}sf kfpFb}gg\ . ha clwsf+z ;dodf ;'?jftstf{x¿ ladf/L ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq} g]t[Tj ug{ lbOG5, o:tf] cj:yfdf pgLx¿ ;DxfNg} g;Sg]u/L af]emn] nflbPsf x'G5g\ . lsgls pgLx¿n] cfˆgf cu|hsf] g]t[Tjz}nLsf] af/]df dfq} yfxf kfPsf x'G5g\ / cfˆg} tl/sfn] cg'ej a6'Ng kfPs} x'Fb}gg\ .

a'l4dfg ;'?jftstf{x¿n] leGb} tl/sfn] sfo{ ub{5g\ . jf:tjdf o:tf s]xL ;'?jftstf{x¿ cl:tTjdf 5g\ / pgLx¿ cfzfsf lbof] x'g\ / pTs[i6 gd"gfx¿ x'g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] ;an kIf / b'a{n kIf yfxf x'G5 . pgLx¿ bL3{sfnsf] af/]df ;f]R5g\ / s'g}klg s'/fx¿nfO{ cem pRr b[li6sf]0fn] x]g]{ ub{5g\ . To;/L pgLx¿n] c¿x¿df ePsf k"/s Ifdtf kQf nufpF5g\ . pgLx¿ s]xL lglZrt lhDd]jf/Lx¿ x:tfGt/0f ug{ OR5's x'G5g\, h;n] c¿x¿nfO{ Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ cfkmF} cg'ej a6'Ng] cj;/ lbG5 . clg pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] sDkgLsf] j[l4sf] nflu gofF ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf / cGo Joj:yfkgsf ;fwgx¿sf] cfjZostf a'em\b5g\ . c¿x¿n] klg oL kl/jt{gnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fdf pgLx¿ :ki6 ePsf x'G5g\ . o;/L pgLx¿n] rfF8} g} j[l4 cj:yfsf] lglDt ;+qmd0fsf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ub{5g\ / o;nfO{ cj;/sf] ¿kdf ;b'kof]u ub{5g\ .

gofF Joj:yfkgsf] lglDt :yflkt ;+/rgf / ;~rfng k|lqmofx¿ kl/jt{g ug{ ;lhnf] x'Fb}g / tL kl/jt{gnfO{ gofF oyfy{sf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug{ ;lhnf] x'Fb}g . sd{rf/Lx¿ sfod /x]sf] k|yfdf Psbd} cEo:t ePsf x'G5g\ . lsg w]/}eGbf w]/} kl/jt{gsf k|lqmofx¿ c;kmn x'G5g\ t < clwsf+z ;dodf cGt/j}olQms ;d:ofx¿ o;sf sf/0f x'g] ub{5g\ . w]/} h;f] dflg;x¿n] kl/jt{gnfO{ eo / clgZrotfsf] ¿kdf x]5{g\ . xfdL hf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v xf}F, xfdLn] kl/jt{gsf] lglDt lhDd]jf/ lng''k5{ . xfdLn] o;nfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lng} k5{ . yf]/} sd{rf/Lx¿ dfq} kl/jt{gsf]] lglDt pT;flxt x'G5g\ . o:tf] ;fgf] ;d"xnfO{ :yfgLo :t/df :yflkt ug'{k5{ / pgLx¿nfO{ kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmofdf of]hgfa4 ¿kdf pkof]u ug'{k5{ . of]eGbf cln 7'nf] ;d"x kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmofdf t6:y x'G5g\ / hf]lznf x'Fb}gg\ . o:tf] ;d"xnfO{ ;lqmo kfg'{ k5{ / cfslif{t ul/g' kb{5 . k|foM u/L sfdbf/x¿n] kl/jt{gnfO{ TolQa]nf dfq cfTd;ft\ ub{5g\ hlta]nf pgLx¿n] ug{' k5{ eGg] bafj dx;'; ub{5g\ . of] ;d"xnfO{ ;sf/fTds bafj lbg' cfjZos x'G5 . b'ef{Uojz, csf]{ Pp6f ;d"x klg 5 h;n] kl/jt{gnfO{ hfgfhfgL OGsf/ ug]{ k|of; ub{5 . w]/}k6s o:tf dflg;x¿n] Joj:yfkgnfO{ pgLx¿nfO{ hfg lbg' -lgsflnlbg'_ afx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5fl8lbPsf x'Fb}gg\ . kl/l:ylthGo g]t[Tjsf] of] Pp6f kIf xf] .

kl/jt{gsf] lglDt bIftfx¿

kl/jt{g ug]{ bIftf ;lhn} cfsfzaf6 TolQs} v:b}gg\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ rf/j6f If]qx¿df ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 .

!= ;fdfGo k"j{zt{x¿M

kl/jt{gsf ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx¿n] kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostf :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . clwsf+z cj:yfdf of] :jt:km"t{ ¿kdf x'Fb}g . w]/} dflg;x¿;Fu ;dodf g} cfpFb} u/]sf] vt/fnfO{ b]Vg ;Sg] Ifdtf x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] cfkm}FnfO{ em'6f ;'/Iffsf] e|ddf /fv]sf x'G5g\ . w]/} vt/fx¿ x|f;sf] k|lqmofdf x'g] ub{5g\, pbfx/0fsf] nflu cj:yfx¿ jf Jojxf/x¿df v:sFb} hfg] k|lqmof . o:tf] x|f; olt ;':t tl/sfn] k|j]z u5{ ls clwsf+z dflg;x¿n] nfdf] ;do;Dd klg o;sf] kQ} kfpFb}gg\ . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf gf6sLo Joj:yfkg geO{gx'g] cf}hf/ aGb5 . o;nfO{ a9fOr9fO ug'{ cfjZos 5}g t/ vt/fnfO{ b]Vg ;lsg] / 7f]; agfpg' cfjZos 5 . of] s'/f klg d}n] kj{t r9\g] qmdd l;s]sf] lyPF . of] cj:yfdf / cGo s'g} klg cj:yfdf vt/fsf] eoåf/f lgb]{lzt 5gf]6 c;n x'Fb}g . To;f] eP tfklg tYok|ltsf] uDeL/tfn] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f Jojxf/x¿ cg's"lnt agfpg hf]8 lbG5 . To;}sf/0f t xfdL df};d;DaGwL hfgsf/L /fV5f}F / ;Defljt cfFwLa]x/L / x':;'k|lt ;r]t x'G5fF} . oL ;a}n] hLjgnfO{ hf]lvddf kfg{ ;S5g\ . w]/} kj{tf/f]xLx¿n] sdhf]/ tof/Lsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cfˆgf] hLjg u'dfPsf 5g\ . ;fob pgLx¿nfO{ r6ØfËn] xfGof] lxpFsf] vf8ndf k/] . d}n] ev{/} s] u/]F, tkfO{++n] ofb ug'{eof] < d gf6sLo aGb} lyPF, / lsg To:tf] u/F] t < gf6sLo k|efj k|bz{g ug{sf] nflu . o;/L Tof] efjgf ;[hgf ul/G5 h;n] dflg;nfO{ ;lqmo u/fO{lbG5 .

To;f] eP tfklg, d"NofÍg\ ul/Psf] hf]lvdsf] ;fdgf ug{sf nflu klg s]xL ;fx; rflxG5 . xfdLn] b]Vg ;Sof}F eg], clwsf+z hf]lvdx¿nfO{ plrt pkfoåf/f ;DxfNg ;lsG5 . To;}sf/0f, x/]s lg0f{o k|lqmofdf hf]lvd ljZn]if0f klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'g} k5{ . s] xfdLnfO{ hf]lvd Go"g ug{sf] nflu, gofF cf}hf/, gofF 1fg / of]Uotf, cem} w]/} zt{x¿ / cltl/Qm ljQLo ;|f]tx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 < sydsbflrt klxnf] of]hgf c;Dej ePdf To;sf] ljsNkdf xfdL;Fu csf]{ of]hgf 5 <

lglZro g} xfdLnfO{ ;[hgzLntfsf] klg vfFrf] kb{5 . kl/jt{gsf] lglDt sNkgfzLntf / gofF s'/fx¿k|ltsf] v'nfkg cfjZos x'G5 . afnaflnsfx¿n] ;+;f/ kQf nufpFb5g\ / pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] nflu gofF s'/fx¿df cToGt} ?lr /fV5g\ . pgLx¿ pd]/ j[l4 x'Fb} hfFbf, pgLx¿n] xfd|f] z}lIfs k4ltdf ;xefuL hgfpg] df}sf kfpF5g\ hxfF kQf nufpg] / ;[hgflzntfk|ltsf] pgLx¿sf] hf]z of]hgfa4 ¿kdf ;Lldt kfl/G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ tf]lsPsf] dfGotf / z}nLcg';f/ ;f]Rg / lqmofsnfk ug{ nufOG5 . pgLx¿n] c;n s] xf] / cg'ko'Qm s] eGg] s'/f l;Sb5g\ . hf] of] dfGotfaf6 ljrlnt x'G5, p;nfO{ ;hfo lbOG5 . o;n] JolQmnfO{ Pp6f 9fFrfdf 9fN5 .

s'g} laGb'df ;[hgzLn dflg;x¿n] of] af6f] 5f]8\5g\ . :j}lR5s ¿kdf / cfk"mn] rfx]sf] ;dodf . ;[hgfzLntfnfO{ k|:k'm6g ug{sf] nflu Pp6f ljz]if k|sf/sf] jftfj/0f rflxG5 . of] klg Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . s] d}n] d]/f] sDkgLdf ;[hgzLntfnfO{ cj;/ lbg] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug{ ;S5' < s] d]/f] sfo{:ynsf] jftfj/0fdf ;do–;dodf cln k[ys / cln c:jefljs ljrf/x¿sf] lglDt jf cfnf]rgfx¿sf] lglDt 7fpF lbG5' t < cyjf :yflkt dfGotfeGbf km/s x/]s s'/fnfO{ gsf/fTds ¿kdf x]l/G5 <

@= Joj:yfkgsf lglDt k"j{zt{x¿

kl/jt{g ug{sf] lglDt b}lgs ug]{ sfdsf nflueGbf w]/} a9L zlQm rflxG5 . o;n] cf};teGbf dflyNnf] :t/df sfo{ ug]{ OR5fzlQmsf] dfu ub{5 . kl/jt{gsf] lglDt To:tf k|sf/sf Joj:yfkg ljlwsf] klg vfFrf] kb{5 h;n] of]hga4 ¿kdf / yf]/} xflgdf l56f] / a[xt\ k|efj kf5{g\ . kl5Nnf lbgx¿df kl/jt{g k|lqmofsf] ult klxn]eGbf cTolws j[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;n] w]/} dflg;nfO{ eoeLt t'NofOlbG5 . kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmofdf lhDd]jf/L lng] Joj:yfksn] oL dfgjLo tTjx¿df Wofg lbg} k5{ . g]t[Tjdf x'g] dxTjk"0f{ tTjx¿ dWo] PsrflxF sd{rf/Lx¿df x'g] eosf] klxrfg ug'{ xf] . Joj:yfkgn] oL 8/x¿nfO{ a'em\g} k5{ / logLx¿nfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lng' k5{ . 8/sf]] af/]df xfdL of] k':tsdf kl5 a[xt\ dfqfdf 5nkmn ug]{5f}F .

;~rf/ dflg;x¿;Fu Jojxf/ ubf{ rflxg] k|d'v ;fwg xf] . dfgjhfltsf] Oltxf;d} xfd|f] k':tf;Fu ;a}eGbf pQd / k|efjsf/L ;~rf/sf] ;fwg 5 . xfdL kne/df ;"rgfx¿ ;Dk"0f{ ljZje/L ;~rf/ ug{ ;S5f}F / OG6/g]6sf] dfWodaf6 ljZje/Lsf ;|f]tx¿af6 s'g} klg ljifodf hfgsf/L kfpg ;S5f}F . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb}klg cGt/j}olQms ;~rf/ ;Dejt cfh h:tf] sdhf]/ slxNo} ePsf] lyPg xf]nf .

sfdbf/sf] ;Gt'li6sf] af/]df sDkgLn] u/]sf cWoogn] klg k6s–k6s oxL s'/f k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . sfdbf/x¿n] hlxn] klg ;"rgfsf] cefjsf] af/]df u'gf;f] ub{5g\ . o;nfO{ Joj:yfkgn] s;/L lnG5g\ t < ca, cfjZos kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L t lbg] Joj:yf ldnfOG5 -h:t} ls b}lgs ljj/0fx¿, ;"rgf kf6L, ;do;dosf Od]nx¿, ;~rfngsf tYof+sx¿ / dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgfx¿ cflb_ . To;kl5 sd{rf/L slt ;Gt'i6 5g\ egL csf]{ ;j]{If0f ul/G5, h;df o:tf] kl/0ffd cfpF5M æxfdL;Fu kof{Kt ;"rgf / hfgsf/L 5}g .Æ Joj:yfkg 5Ss k5{, æsxfFlg/ sdhf]/L eof] t <Æ

;~rf/sf ;+oGqx¿sf af/]df kof{Kt dfqdf a'e]msf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿n] hfgsf/L -;"rgf_ / ;~rf/sf] km/s 5'§ofpFb}gg\ . clg oL ;a}eGbf a9L, pgLx¿n] ;du| cy{ a'‰g ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿n] s] s'/f elgFb}5 Tof] dfq} ;'G5g\ / h'g s'/f k|i6 ¿kdf JoQm ul/Psf] 5}g tL s'/f ;'Gg / a'emg ;s]sf x'Fb}gg\ . s'g} sfdbf/n] ;"rgfsf] cefjsf] af/]df u'gf;f] ubf{, k|foM p;n] ;"rgfnfO{ ;Í]t ul//x]sf] x'Fb}g . p;n] o;f] elg/x]sf] x'G5, ædnfO{ dxTj lbOof];\ eGg] d rfxG5' .Æ j[l4 x'Fb} u/]sf sDkgLx¿sf] lglDt of] Pp6f 7'nf] ;d:of xf] . sDkgL ;'?jftL cj:yfdf x'Fbf sfd{rf/Ln] cem} klg cfkm"nfO{ dxTj lbOPsf] / p;sf] cfjZotf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 eGg] dx;'; ub{5 . sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof a9\b} hfFbf o:tf] k|sf/sf] efjgf x/fP/ hfG5 clg o;n] sfd{rf/Ldf cfkm"nfO{ s'g} klg a]nf pkof]u u/]/ x6fpg ;lsg] / JolQmut klxrfgljxLg\ sfdbf/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] dx;'; u5{g\ . o; k|sf/sf] cg'ejn] sDkgLsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ gsf/fTds ¿kdf k|efj k5{ .

c;n ;~rf/n] JolQmnfO{ b]Vb5 . sd{rf/L rfxG5 ls Joj:yfksn] Psf]xf]/f] ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ atfpg] dfq xf]Og t/ cfkm";Fu b'O{tkmL{ s'/f u/f];\ . c;n ;~rf/df hlxn] klg 5nkmn x'g]ub{5 . w]/} Joj:yfksx¿n] of] s'/f a'em\b}gg\ . pgLx¿ >f]tfx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] s'/f wf/fk|jfx ¿kdf atfpg lgk"0f x'G5g\ t/ >f]tfx¿nfO{ s;/L 5nkmndf ;xefuL u/fpg] eGg] s'/frflxF pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . olb xfdL xfd|f sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 8/ ;dfwfg ug{ rfxG5f}F eg], xfdLn] pgLx¿;Fu s'/f ug'{ g} kb{5 . k|ToIf ¿kdf / JolQmut ¿kdf s'/f ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfOx¿ / pgLx¿nfO{ lrQ ga'em]sf s'/fx¿ yfxf kfpg' / a'em\g' cfjZos 5 . xfdLn] ?lr b]vfpg' kb{5 / pgLx¿nfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lng' k5{ . o;/L dgsf 9f]sfx¿ vf]lnG5g\ / sd{rf/Lsf 8/x¿ zfGt x'G5g\ . o;/L kl/jt{gsf] lglDt OR5f hfu[t x'G5 / zlQm pTkGg x'G5 .

#= k|lt/f]wsf sf/0fx¿ klxrfg ug'{

kl/jt{gsf] lglDt k|lt/f]w ug]{ klxnf] sf/0fsf] af/]df xfdLn] 5nkmn ul/;s]sf] 5f}F, Tof] xf] 8/ . ;'?df :jLsf/ gu/] tfklg ;a} dflg;x¿ s]xL g s]xL s'/fb]lv 8/fPsf x'G5g\ . JolQmTjsf] af/]df ljZn]if0f ubf{, ;fdfGotof rf/j6f ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/Psf] kfOG5 . lgZro g} x/]ssf] JolQmTjdf s]xL c+z csf]{ ;d"xaf6 ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\ / x/]s JolQmTj Pp6f clåtLo æld>0fÆ xf] . tyflk of] k4ltn] dflg;x¿sf] efjgf / k|ltlqmofnfO{ /fd|f];Fu a'em\g ;xfotf k'¥ofpF5 / ;xL k|sf/n] ltgLx¿;Fu Jojxf/ ug{ klg o;n] ;xfotf k'¥ofpF5 . klxnf] cWofodf g} xfdLn] rf/ k|sf/sf JolQmTjaf/] 5nkmn ul/;s]sf 5f}F . ca xfdL x/]s k|sf/sf JolQmTj;Fu ;DalGwt 8/sf] af/]df rrf{ ug]{5f}F . ;Dj]bgzLn JolQmTj

;Dj]bgzLn JolQmTj ePsf dflg;x¿n] x/]s s'/fnfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lng] ub{5g\ / s'g} klg uNtL ug{ rfFxb}gg\ . hf]lvdx¿ x6fpg nflu x/]s s'/fsf] cGt;Dd} lj:t[t ¿kdf cGj]if0f ug{ rfxG5g\ . pgLx¿ s'g} klg uNtLsf] lglDt cfˆgf] cfnf]rgf x'G5 ls egL 8/fpF5g\ . kl/0ffdM ltgLx¿ clg0f{osf] aGbL x'G5g\ .

oyfl:yltjfbL JolQmTj

oyfl:yltjfbL JolQmTj ePsf dflg;x¿n] ;d'bfodf efjgfTds ¿kdf ;'/lIft dx;'; ug{ rfG5g\ . zflGtsf] lglDt pgLx¿n] cfˆgf s'/f 5f]l8lbG5g\ / cfˆgf clwsf/x¿ vf]Hb}gg\ . pgLx¿ zflGt vNalnPnf egL 8/fpF5g\ .

kl/0ffdM pgLx¿ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] kl/jt{gsf] ljkIfdf x'G5g\ .

k"j{;lqmo JolQmTj

k"j{;lqmo JolQmTj x'g] dflg;x¿nfO{ kl/jt{g / k|]/0ffsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . pgLx¿n] c¿ dflg;x¿nfO{ pTk|]l/t ub{5g\ / w]/} gofF kl/of]hgfx¿ ;'? u5{g\ . tyflk, pgLx¿n] k|foM tL kl/of]hgfx¿ k"/f ub}{gg\ lsgeg] pgLx¿ gofF - gofF ljrf/k|lt cfslif{t x'G5g\, pgLx¿ cfˆgf] :jtGqtf u'D5 ls eGg] 8/df x'G5g\ .

kl/0ffdM o:tf dflg;x¿nfO{ a'‰g / g]t[Tj ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 .

k|e'TjzfnL JolQmTj

k|e'TjzfnL JolQmx¿df alnof] st{Jo af]w x'G5 / pgLx¿ sfo{d'vL x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] lglDt dfgjLo efjgf eGbf nIo k|flKt w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . pgLx¿ lgoGq0f u'Dnf ls eGg] 8/df x'G5g\ .

kl/0ffdM ltgLx¿ s7f]/ / cdfgjLo h:tf] b]lvG5g\ .

lgZro g} kl/jt{gsf] lglDt k|lt/f]w ug]{ cGo sf/0fx¿ klg 5g\ . w]/} dflg;x¿ nIo, k[i7e"ldsf] hfgsf/L tyf o;sf] ljsNk k5fl8sf] clek|fo hfGg rfxG5g\ . cGoyf pgLx¿n] c;'/lIft / bafjdf k/]sf] dx;'; ub{5g\ . k|foM sd{rf/Lx¿n] tL ljsNkx¿ s] x'g\ egL a'em]sf x'G5g\ t/ tL ljsNkx¿ ;xL 5g\ eGg] s'/f pgLx¿ ljZjf; ub}{gg\ . kSs} klg Joj:yfkgn] kl/jt{gx¿nfO{ ljZj;gLo tl/sfn] ;kmntfk"j{s ;~rf/ ug{ ;kmn ePg clg sd{rf/Lx¿ ;xL klg x'g ;Sy] . clwsf+z k|:tfljt kl/jt{gx¿ cgfjZos / unt x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿ ;txL x'G5g\ / d"n ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{gg\ . o:tf agfj6L ljsNk NofOFbf, clwsf+z sd{rf/Lx¿n] To;n] sfd ub}{g eGg] s'/f a'lem;s]sf x'G5g\ . To;kl5 sd{rf/Lx¿sf] csf]{ ;d"x klg x'G5 h;n] ljsNkx¿ s] s] x'g\ eGg] a'em]sf x'G5g\ / ltgLx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f klg ljZjf; u/]sf x'G5g . To;f] eP tfklg pgLx¿n] ljsNkx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{gg\ lsgeg] o;af6 pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] lglDt s'g} lghL jf ;sf/fTds jf nfe b]Vb}gg\ . cyjf pgLx¿ cufl8 a9]/ ljsNkx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ub{5g\ t/ To;nfO{ leq}b]lv ;fy lbPsf x'Fb}gg\ .

$_ k|lt/f]wdfly ljho kfpg'

kl/jt{gnfO{ :jLsf/ gul/g' ;fdfGo xf] . olb k|lt/f]w 5}g eg] ;Dejt ToxfF jf:tljs kl/jt{gsf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5}g . k|lt/f]w jf:tjdf Pp6f uf]Ko ;Gb]z xf] . ;fdfGotof k|lt/f]wsf sf/0fx¿ efjgfTds x'g] ub{5g\ . of] s'/fnfO{ d}n] cl3Nnf] v08df pNn]v u/]sf] 5' . olb xfdLx¿ k|lt/f]wk|lt ;r]t ePgf}F / o;nfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lnPgf}F eg] o;n] ;w}FF cj/f]w ;[hgf u5{ . k|efjsf/L / tl/sf k'¥ofP/ ul/Psf] ;~rf/sf] dfWodåf/f xfdLn] k|lt/f]wsf sf/0fx¿ kQf nufpg' k5{ / ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L clwsf+z ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 / sd{rf/Lx¿ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] kl/jt{gsf] sfof{GjognfO{ ;fy lbg OR5's x'G5g\ . JolQmut ;sf/ ‌ fTds nfe b] ‌ Vb} ‌ gg\ . cyjf pgLx¿ cl3 a9]‌/‌ tL nfu" u5{g\ t/‌ ltgLnfO{ ;xfotf ub}‌{gg\ .

j[l4sf] r/0fb]lv leGgtfsf] r/0f;Dd

s'g} laGb'df cfOk'u]kl5 x/]s j[l4sf] r/0f cGTo x'G5 . o;sf ;fy} pBdLsf] lglDt csf]{ vt/f klg cfO;s]sf] x'G5 . j[l4sf] r/0fdf k|fKt ;kmntfn] Joj:yfkg dflQPsf] x'G5 clg o;n] ;Dej eP;Dd Ps} ;dodf pxL j:t' jf ;]jfnfO{ km/s km/s agfP/ lj:tf/ ug]{ / ljljw If]qdf xft xfNg] sfd klg u5{, h:t} ls gofF j:t'x¿, gofF ahf/, ahf/Ls/0fsf gofF tl/sfx¿ . sDkgLn] cfkm}FnfO{ a9L g} lj:tf/ ug]{ vt/fdf k'¥ofpF5 . w]/} k};f vr{ ul/Psf] x'G5 / JolQmut ;|f]tx¿ ckof{Kt aGb5g\ . b'ef{Uoj;, w]/}h;f] ;f]r]h:tf] kl/0ffd lg:sFb}g . cl3Nnf] ;kmntf bf]xf]l/g ;Dej x'Fb}g / ljutsf ljQLo ;|f]t u'D5g\ . ljljws/0fnfO{ xf]l;of/L ;fy ;'? ug'{k5{ ahf/sf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ePsf] cj:yfdf, ;dfwfgrflxF w]/} h;f] nlIft ahf/df lnOg] /0fgLltdf e/ k5{ . jf:tjdf xfdL ToxLF ahf/df x'G5f}F / ToxL j:t'' pknAw u/fpFb5f}F, t/ xfdLn] o;nfO{ nlIft ahf/sf] lglDt ljlzi6s/0f u/L cg's'n agfPsf x'G5f}F .

nlIft ahf/sf] /0fgLltsf] lglDt ahf/sf] /fd|f] 1fg x'g'k5{, clg gofF vf]h ug]{ / u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkgsf] Ifdtf rflxG5 . o;n] j:t'sf] k|sf/nfO{ 36fpF5, / To;df ;Lldt k|sf/sf j:t''df bvn k|fKt u5{ .

cy{k"0f{ gjLg vf]h -;'wf/ / kl/dfh{g_ x¿n] kmfObf lbg} k5{ . of] laGb'df g}lts kIfnfO{ klg Wofg lbOg' kb{5 . rlxg]eGbf a9L gofF vf]hx¿ cg'kof]uL / cgfjZos x'G5g\ . logLx¿n] ax'd"No ;|f]tx¿sf] vkt dfq u5{g\ . rnfv gofF vf]hx¿ kof{j/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm, ;fdflhs ¿kdf :jLsfo{, clg ef}lts nfe klg lbg] k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . w]/} lsl;dsf gofF vf]hx¿ x'G5g\ .

!= agfj6L jf gfdwf/L gjLg vf]hx¿

agfj6L jf gfdwf/L gjLg vf]hx¿ sfd gnfUg] gSsnL ;'wf/x¿ x'g\ . olb xfdL ljz]if nlIft ahf/df c;n gfd sdfpg rfxG5f}F eg] xfdL o:tf agfj6L jf gfdwf/L ;'wf/af6 6f9} /xg' kb{5 . @= c¿sf] gSsn

gSsnn] ahf/df klxnf g} /x]sf] c¿ sDkgLsf] ;dfwfgnfO{ x'ax' gSsn ug]{ k|of; ub{5 . s;}n] o;nfO{ æd klg ;dfwfg x'FÆ egL ;+s]t ub{5g\ . olb of] ;dfwfgsf] 1fg a]Odfgk"j{s k|fKt ul/Psf] xf]Og eg], -pbfx/0fsf] nflu, s;}sf] cf}Bf]lus k|ljlw jf Kof6]G6 cflbsf] rf]/L_, lglZrt kl/l:yltsf] lglDt of] gofF vf]hsf] :jLsfg{ ;lsg] :j¿k x'g;S5 . tyflk, o;n] xfdLnfO{ cN5L agfpg] vt/f x'G5 lsgls xfdL k|lt:kwf{af6 Ps kfOnf kl5 /xG5fF} . tyflk, o;n] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] cfFvf vf]Ng / cfk"lt{ ahf/nfO{ lgofn]/ x]g{nfO{ bafj lbG5 .

#= cg's"ng jf kl/dfh{g gjLg vf]hx¿

cg's"lnt gjLg vf]hx¿ eg]sf] u|fxssf] ljlzi6 dfu cg's"n ug'{ xf] . of] nlIft ahf/leqsf] Pp6f :yflkt gjLg vf]h xf] . o;sf] lglDt u|fxs;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw tyf nlIft ahf/sf] cf}Bf]lus 1fg klg cfjZos x'G5 . olb xfdLn] xfd|f] sfd /fd|/L ub{5f}F eg], xfdL xfd|f] ;]jfu|fxL;Fu /0fgLlts ;fem]bf/ aGg ;S5f}F . bL3{sfnLg Jofj;flos ;DaGw o;/L g} :yflkt ePsf] x'G5 .

$= ;'wf/o'Qm gjLg vf]hx¿

;'wf/o'Qm gjLg vf]hx¿ eg]sf] klxn] g} cl:tTjdf /x]sf ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿sf] u'0f:t/ / nfex¿df cem} ;'wf/ ug'{ xf] . ;'wf/o'Qm gjLg vf]hx¿ eg]sf] cg's"lnt gjLg vf]hx¿eGbf a[xt\ dfqfdf cfPsf]] kl/jt{g xf] . of] lsl;dsf] gjLg vf]hsf] k|sf/sf nflu u|fxs / ahf/sf] eGbf xfd|f] ;f]r w]/} cufl8 x''g'k5{ . o:tf] ;'wf/stf{nfO{ xfdL p;n] clxn];Dd g;'g]sf ljrf/x¿ lbP/ cGo If]qx¿af6 k|fKt ul/Psf cGt/1fgx¿ lbP/ ;xof]u u5f}{+ . o:tf] k|sf/sf] gjLg vf]hsf] lglDt xfd|f] sDkgL pRr ¿kdf lzlIft x'g''k5{, pBf]usf] k"0f{ lj1tf x'g'k5{, ;fFrf] gjLg vf]hsf] Ifdtf / ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug]{ Ifdtfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o; k|sf/sf] kl/jt{gn] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f u|fxssf] ;fem]bf/ agfOlbG5 / xfd|f u|fxs xfd|f] sDkgLsf] efu aG5g\ . o;n] xfd|f] Jofj;flos jftfj/0fnfO{ /f]rs agfOlbG5 . %= cfwf/e"t gjLg vf]hx¿

cfwf/e"t gjLg vf]hx¿ eg]sf] ;~rfngsf] gofF l;4fGtx¿sf] af/]df xf], k"0f{ ¿kdf gofF k|ljlw / To;sf] k|of]u yfxf kfOPsf / gofF k|ljlwsf] gofF ;+of]hs, gofF tl/sfx¿ x'g\ . of] gofF vf]hsf] ;jf]{Rr :t/ xf] . oxLFlg/ ;fFrf] gjLgtf v8f ug]{jfnfx¿ sfddf /x]sf x''G5g\ . ltgLx¿n] o:tf] j:t' lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ hf] clxn];Dd b]vf k/]sf] 5}g . o:tf] k|sf/sf] gjLg vf]hsf] lglDt pRr:t/sf] Jofj;flostf / w]/} ;|f]tx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . of] s'/f ge"nfF} ls, Pl8;gn] cfˆgf] ljB'tLo lrdaf6 k|sfz pTkfbg ug{sf nflu !%)) k6s;Dd k|of; ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . lgZrog} o; k|sf/sf] gjLg vf]h cToGt} nf]enfUbf] s'/f xf] . o;df ;kmntf kfpg] JolQm ;fFrf] ¿kdf ;kmn xf] .

gjLg vf]hsf 5j6f r/0fM

!= gjLg vf]hd}qL jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug'{

@= ahf/ / cfˆgf] pBf]u If]qsf] 1fg k|fKt ug'{

#= cjnf]sg ug'{

$= /rgfTds ljrf/x¿sf] ljsf; ug'{

%= Jojl:yt ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug'{ ^= d'gfkmf sdfpg] u/L ahf/df :yflkt ug'{

c;n / lbuf] u'0f:t/n] ;+nUg ;a} kIfnfO{ ;Ddfg ub{5 . klxn] sd{rf/LnfO{, To;kl5 sDkgL / u|fxsnfO{ klg . ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«n] g} u'0f:t/o'Qm /fi6«sf] ¿kdf ljZjJofkL klxrfg sdfpg ;S5 . l:jh/Nof08sf 38L / d]lzgx¿ o;sf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ . u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg d"n ¿kdf dfgl;stf / d"NodfGotfo'Qm cfr/0f;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . w]/} dflg;x¿df u'0f:t/ b]Vg] bz{gsf] cefj x'G5 / To;sf/0f pgLx¿n] u'0f:t/nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] d"NofÍg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . nlIft ahf/sf] /0fgLltdf xfdL k|foM u|fxsx¿;Fu Jojxf/ ul//x]sf x'G5f}F h;n] pRr u'0f:t/sf] :jfb rflv;s]sf x'G5g\ . o;sf/0f, Jojl:yt / lg/Gt/ ¿kdf u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug'{ plrt x'G5 .

u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg eg]sf] xfd|f] j:t' / ;]jfsf] af/]df dfq} xf]Og . xfdLn] xfd|f] sDkgLsf] x/]s kIfnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttf / ;'wf/sf ;Defjgfx¿sf] vf]hL ul//xg'k5{ . u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu o'/f]lkog kmfp08]zg km/ Sjfln6L Dofg]hd]G6n] Pp6f gd"gf ljsf; u/]sf] 5 h;n] x/]s If]qx¿df u'0f:t/sf] d"NofÍg / t'ngf ug{ ;Dej t'NofpF5 . o;n] u'0f:t/sf] lglDt k|lt:kwf{tkm{ pGd'v u/fpFb5 .

lg/Gt/ ;'wf/sf] k|lqmof -lg=;'=k|=_ nfO{ hfkflgh s}h]g;Fu t'ngf ug{ ;lsG5 / o;n] bL3{sfnLg k|efj ;[hgf ug{ rflxg] lbuf] ;'wf/sf] sfo{z}nLnfO{ hgfpF5 . slyt k"0f{ u'0f:t/sf] rqm rf/ r/0f eP/ hfG5M æd"NofÍg ug]{Æ, æsbd rfNg]Æ, æof]hgf agfpg]Æ / æsfd ug]{Æ . km]l/ of] rqm Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}{ bf]xf]l//xG5 .

lrqdf lbOPsf] jf0fn] ljsf;sf] lglDt lbzf lgb]{lzt ug]{ bz{gnfO{ ;Í]t ub{5 . / o;n] s:tf ;|f]t;fwg / zlQmx¿ k|of]u ul/g]5g\ eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbG5 . ;fÍ]lts 6]sf]n] Joj:yfkgsf] ljlwsf] j0f{g ub{5 h;n] ljsf;sf] qmddf cfpg] cj/f]waf6 arfpg] sfd ub{5 .

!= bz{gsf] ljsf; / ;~rf/ ug'{

of]hgfa4 ;'wf/ a'lemg] k|sf/sf] x'g'k5{ / cy{k"0f{ x'g'k5{ .

@= ;fdYo{ lbG5 / ;fdYo{sf] dfu klg u5{

¿k}ofFk};f, ;do, kl/jt{gsf] lglDt OR5f / zlQmsf] dfu u5{ .

#= ljZn]if0f – ;du| lrq – s] s'/f k|fKt ul/Psf] 5 <

xfdLn] s] ul//x]sf 5f}F / lsg Tof] ul//x]sf 5f}F eGg] s'/f xfdLn] yfxf kfpg' k5{ .

$= dWod:t/sf] nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{ – s] ug{ afFsL 5 <

nIon] xfdLnfO{ clek|]l/t ug'{k5{ / of] k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . %= sfof{Gjog ug]{ of]hgf÷ kl/of]hgfsf] of]hgf – of] s;/L x'g] 5 <

s;n] slta]nf;Dddf s] ug]{ eg]/ :ki6 x'g'k5{ .

^= sfof{Gjog – s] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 <

clxn] sfddf nfUg] ;do xf] .

&= lbuf]kgsf] lgZrotf ug{'

;kmntfsf] cg'udg ul/G5 . h] s'/f l;lsPsf] 5 To;nfO{ clen]vdf /flvG5 / u'0ffTds ¿kdf j[l4 ub}{ nluG5 .

leGgtfsf] cj:yfb]lv ;dfof]hgsf] cj:yf;Dd

•

cTofjZos s'/fx¿df Wofg s]lGb|t ug]{

•

cgfjZos s'/fx¿af6 d'Qm x'g]

•

nfdf] ;do;Dd kmfObf lbg] If]qdf Wofg lbg]

•

slxNo} xf/ gvfg]

nlIft ahf/ klg el/;s]kl5, ToxfF klg ;Lldt 7fpFsf] nflu k|lt:kwf{ ;'? x'G5 . gjLg vf]hsf] nflu bafj a9\5, gjLg vf]hx¿ emg} sl7g / dxËf] x'g hfG5, d'gfkmfsf] dfqfdf sd x'Fb} hfG5 . ;dfof]hg ug]{ ;do oxL xf] . xfdLn] lzIff lnO/xg' k5{ t/ klg xfd|f] If]qnfO{ a'l4dfgL k"j{s / bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf k"/s If]qsf] vf]hL ug'{ kb{5 . xfdL s'g If]qsf] ahf/nfO{ 5f]l8lbg ;S5f}F / rfxG5f}F< eljiodf xfdL xfd|f] zlQmnfO{ s'g s'/fdf s]lGb|t ug{ rfxG5f}F< ;kmntfaf6 dflQPsf Joj:yfksx¿n] cfkmF}nfO{ ;Lldt ug{ / nufj ePsf] s'/fnfO{ 5f]8\g sl7g x'G5, h;k|lt pgLx¿sf] df]x a;]sf] x'G5 . o;sf/0f, of] r/0fdf k|foM Joj:yfksnfO{ g} k|lt:yfkg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 cyjf afXo k/fdz{bftf Nofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . of] ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf b]vf kg]{ kl/jt{gx¿ ljz]if ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . olb ;xL lg0f{o ul/of] / ;xL sbd rflnof] eg] sDkgLsf] cfo' nDAofpg jf k'gMgljs/0f ug{ ;d]t ;Dej x'G5 .

;dfof]hgsf] r/0fb]lv lj36gsf] r/0f;Dd

•

uDeL/tf tyf dfgjLotf

•

x/]s s'/fsf] nflu ;do x'G5

•

;xL k|sf/sf] cGTo OlR5t nIo klg aGg ;S5

x/]s s'/fsf] nflu ;do x'G5 . Joj;fo / ;+3 ;+:yfdf klg ljbfO ug]{ pko'Qm ;do x'G5 . c;n / Jojl:yt tl/sfn] sDkgLnfO{ lj36g ug'{ klg OlR5t nIo aGg ;S5 . kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu kl/of]hgfsf] ;dfKtL :jefljs k|lqmof xf] . To;}u/L, sDkgL klg Pp6f kl/of]hgf h:t} x'g;S5 h;n] s'g} lglZrt ;do;Dd lglZrt sfo{ k"/f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . uDeL/tf tyf dfgjLotf b'j} Pp6f sDkgLsf] c;n lju7gs} c+z x'g\ .

sDkgLsf] lju7g ug]{ r/0fdf k|j]z ug]{ ;r]t lg0f{o / To;f] ug{sf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf uDeL/tfsf ;fy ul/g] lj36gsf] Ps efu xf] . dfgjLotfrflxF of] r/0fnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ z}nL;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . ;Dejt ToxfF To:tf sd{rf/Lx¿ xf]nfg\ h;n] sDkgLsf] ;kmntfsf] lglDt w]/} jif{b]lv of]ubfg lbPsf x'G5g\ . oL pknlAwx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{k5{ / Wofg lbg'k5{ . of] r/0fdf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ljz]if ¿kdf bof / ;dfg'e"lt;fy Jojxf/ ul/g' kb{5 . pgLx¿ cfk"mnfO{ dxTj lbOPsf] / uDeL/ ¿kdf lnOPsf] rfxG5g\ . kq jf ljB'tLo dfWodn] lbOPsf] va/n] cfdg];fdg] eP/ ul/g] s'/fsfgLnfO{ sbflrt k|lt:yflkt ug{ ;Sb}g . cGTodf of] cfb/sf] s'/f xf] . xfdLn] sDkgLdf ePsf x/]s txsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ cfb/ ug}{k5{ .

b'ef{Uojz, k|foM Jofjxfl/s oyfy{ Psbd} leGg x'G5 . Joj:yfksx¿n] sf]7fdf a;]/ sDkgL lju7gsf] lg0f{o u5{g\ / To;kl5 dfq} sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbG5g\ . o;/L la6 dfl/G5 . To;kl5 sd{rf/L;Fu afFsL /x]sf] ljsNk eg]sf] t Go"gtd Ifltk"lt{ dfu ug{' dfq} xf] . of] sDkgLnfO{ lju7g ug]{ Ps cdof{lbt tl/sf xf] / o;n] Joj:yfksx¿sf] lgr rl/q k|dfl0ft u5{ .

cWofo %

k| ilt:kwf{sf] efjgfljgf v]lnPsf] k'm6an v]n s:tf] x'G5 xf]nf < of] Psbd} k6\of/ nfUbf] x'g]5 . lhTg' k5{ eGg] efjgfn] dfq v]nnfO{ /f]rs agfOlbG5 . w]/} sd{rf/L / slxn]sxLF+ pBdLx¿ klg lhTg rfxG5g\ t/ k|lt:kwf{ ug{ OGsf/ ub{5g\ . ljho k|fKt ug{ rfxg] Pp6f ultzLn ;d"x lgdf{0f ug'{ pBdzLntfsf] Ps pRr / a[xt\ sfo{ xf] . xfdL u|fxsx¿sf] lglDt, ahf/df cfˆgf] ks8 hdfpgsf] lglDt gfd sdfpgsf] lglDt, cfDbfgL, j[l4 / slxn] sxL+F cl:tTjsf] lglDt nl8/xG5f}F . olb xfdL cw{lgGb|fdf 5f}F eg] of] ug{ ;Sb}g+f}F . To:tf sd{rf/Lx¿ klg x'G5g\ hf] jfSs ePsf x'G5g\ cyjf lj/lQmg' cufl8 g} sDkgL 5fl8lbG5g\ . o:tf] lsl;dsf] :jefjsf] lglDt Pp6f gfd 5M lbUbf/L . o;sf nIo0fx¿ ysfgsf h:t} x'G5g\ h'g cTolws af]emsf] kl/0ffd xf] . To:tf] eP tfklg, lbUbf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ kof{Kt r'gf}tL glbPsf] sf/0fn] b]vf kg]{ ub{5 . lg/Gt/ ¿kdf kof{Kt r'gf}tLsf] cefj ePdf lg/fzf, xtf]T;fx / o;/L sfd} 5fl8lbg] cj:yflt/ 8f]¥ofpFb5, olb Tof] sd{rf/Ln] sfd 5f]8\g] ;Sg] cj:yf 5 eg] .

dflg;x¿ cTolws af]em rfxFb}gg\ t/ r'gf}tL rfxG5g\ . o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ cfTd–;Ddfg lbG5 / JolQmut ljsf; ug{ ;Dej t'NofpF5 . sDkgLleqsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds efjgf k'm6an v]nh:t} /f]rs aGg ;S5 . lhTg rfxg' g} kb{5 t/ xf/ ;xg klg ;Sg'k5{ . slxn] sxL+F dflg;x¿df lhTg] OR5fsf] cefj x'G5 lsgls pgLx¿n] o;df w]/} k|oTg ug'{k5{ eGg] ;f]R5g\, eg] sf]xLdf rflxF xf/ :jLsf/ ug{;Sg] Ifdtf x'Fb}g lsgeg] o;nfO{ a]OHhtLsf¿kdf lnG5g\ . Pp6f c;n pBdL k|]/s tflndbftf / k|lzIfs h:t} xf] h;n] cfˆgf] ;d"xnfO{ lg/Gt/ r'gf}tL lbG5 / o;nfO{ xf};nf lbG5 . Joj;fon] u|fxsx¿ / pgLx¿sf] dfusf] lglDt n8\g' kg]{ x'G5 . oBlk, sfdbf/x¿nfO{ To:tf] ug{ of]Uo klg u/fOg' k5{ / pgLx¿ xf/nfO{ ;DxfNg / To;af6 lzIff lng ;Ifd x'g' kb{5 .

To;f] eP tfklg o:tf] k|lt:kwf{sf] efjgfn] ;Ldf gf3\g ;S5 . k'm6an v]ndf /]k|mLn] kx]Fnf] / /ftf] sf8{ lgsfNb5 . Joj;fodf of] x:tIf]ksf/L lgsfosf] cefj x'G5 .

kfFrf} cf1f æltdLn] xTof gug'{Æ n] clwsf/ / zlQm;lxt v]nsf] lglDt lgod / ;Ldfx¿ :yflkt ub{5 . Jofj;flos ;+;f/df dflg;x¿ lj/n} dfqfdf d'8\sL / rSs'n] n8fOF u5{g\ . t/ rl/q xTof klg xTof g} xf] . Jofj;flos ;+;f/df k|To]s lbg w]/} xTof x'g] ub{5 . x/]s lbg k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ lgof]lht ¿kdf n8fOG5, dflg;x¿nfO{ gfd} sf8]/ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf nlHht t'NofOG5, ylst sd{rf/L?nfO{ ;tfP/ lg/fz kfl/G5 . olt k|i6 5M pBdzLntfsf lqmofsnfkdf k|lt:kwf{ klg ;+nUg x'G5 . s'g} JolQm s'g} s'/fsf] kIfdf jf ljkIfdf n8\g ;S5 . pBdLx¿n] /fd|f] s'/fsf] kIfdf / g/fd|f] s'/fsf] ljkIfdf n8\g' kb{5 . clwsf+zrflxF cfˆgf] nflu / c¿x¿sf] lj?4df n8\g] ub{5g\ . of] cEof; clt ;:tf] / cg}lts 5 . olb s'g} JolQmn] To;sf] cfjfhnfO{ bafO;s]sf] 5}g eg], p;df pBdzLntfsf] g}lts ljj]s eGg] s]xL s'/f x'G5 . bz cf1f kfng ug]{ sDkgLx¿n] g}lts lgod pNn+3g u/]/ k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ kb}{g . pgLx¿n] k/d]Zj/n] cfkm"nfO{ 8f]¥ofO/xg'ePsf] dx;'; ub{5g\ . cflzif\\sf] cy{M d ltd|f] jf:tf /fV5' . Pscsf{df xfd|f] ldnfk 5 . d c;n lgotn] ltdLnfO{ ;xfotf u5'{' . d ltdLnfO{ ;fy lbG5' . xfdL ;Fu;Fu} ofqf ul//x]sf 5f}F eGg' xf] . cflzif\\n] :jtGqtf lbnfpF5 / alnof] agfpF5 . olb pgLx¿n] pxfFnfO{ cg'dlt lbG5g\ eg] k/d]Zj/ dflg;x¿nfO{ cflzif\\ lbg rfxg'x'G5 . dflg;x¿n] c¿x¿nfO{ klg cflzif\\ lbg ;S5g\ . dflg;x¿n] c¿nfO{ cflzif\\ lbg] lg0f{o u/]kl5 To;sf] c;/ k|ToIf b]lvG5 . Pp6f o:tf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf x'G5 hxfF ;a}df enfOsf] efjgf pTkGg x'G5 .

cfˆgf] o:tf pBdLx¿nfO{ b]Vbf v';L x'G5 hf] cfˆgf] b}lgs hLjgdf ;+3if{ ul//xFbf ;d]t lgw{Ss efjdf x'G5g\ . cfk"mn] s]sf] lglDt ;+3if{ ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] s'/f pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf x'G5 / pgLx¿n] k/d]Zj/sf] cu'jfO / ;xfotf cg'ej ug{ ;S5g\ . pgLx¿sf] lgw{Sstfdf ;xL ;dodf ;xL sfd u/]sf] lgZrotf x'G5 . cfw'lgs Joj:yfksx¿ k|foh;f] cw}o{ x'G5g\ / OR5fOPsf] kl/0ffd k|fKt gu/Lsg cgfjZos tgfj ;[hgf u5{g\ .

of] s'/f klg d}n] kj{t r9\g] qmddf l;s]sf] lyPF . kj{t ofqfsf] lglDt c;n / v/fa ;do x'g] ub{5 . 7Ls ;do gcfpGh]n;Dd cfwf/ lzlj/df ;'/lIft eP/ k|tLIff ubf{ c;n x'G5 . Psk6s xfd|f] ;d"xn] cw}o{ eP/ w]/} lxdklx/f] cfpg] vt/f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ofqf ;'? u/]sf] sf/0f em08} Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] . jf:tjdf, xfdLdWo] s]xLnfO{ lxdklx/f]n] aufof] klg . w]/} kl/of]hgfx¿ klg Jo:t xtf/df cyjf unt ;dodf ;'?jft ul/Psf x'G5g\ . :ofpx¿ kfls;s]kl5 dfq} l6Kg' k5{ . of]eGbf cGo tl/sfn] sfd ub}{g . k|foM o;sf] cy{ h'g s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] k|efj kfg{ ;Sb}gf}F, To;sf] lglDt plrt ;do kv{g' k5{ eGg] x'G5 . oxfFlg/ xfdLnfO{ a'l4sf] vfFrf] k5{ . s] s'/fnfO{ d}n] jf:tjd} k|efj kfg{ ;S5' / s'g ;dodf rflxF d d'sbz{s dfq} x'g]5' < ha xfdL ;donfO{ a'l4dfgLk"j{s Joj:yfkg u5f}F, ta xfdL cjnf]sg, lrGtg\dgg\ / zlQm ;+rosf] zfGt kl/j];df k|j]z u5f{}+ .

Joj;fodf To:tf sltko s'/fx¿ 5g\ h;nfO{ slxNo} klg :yfg lbg' x'Fb}g . k|lt:kwL{x¿sf] af/]df v/fa s'/f af]Ng' x'Fb}g . k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ ;w}FF cfb/k"j{s Jojxf/ ug{'k5{, gqeg] s'/f sf6\g] xfd|f] afgLn] l9nf] of rfF8f] xfdLnfO{ xflg ug]{5 . tkfO{++n] zq'nfO{ of t dfg{ ;Sg'x'G5 of cfb/ ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . d[To'n] yk d[To'lt/ 8f]¥ofpFb5, hLjgn] hLjglt/ 8f]¥ofpFb5 clg cfb/n] yk cfb/tkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb5 .

pTkL8g

cfhsfn w]/} sd{rf/Lx¿ sfddf ;tfj6af6 kLl8t ePsf x'G5g\ . ;tfj6 ls:tf–ls:tfdf ul/g] xTof xf] . of] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;+u7gsf] Pstfaf6 cnUofpgsf nflu p;nfO{ lgof]lht ¿kdf nlHht t'Nofpg] sfd xf] . o:tf lsl;dsf efjgfTds cftÍjfbsf] kl/0ffd 3fts x'g] u5{ . b'MvnfUbf] s'/f, ;tfj6 Ps ;fdfGo cEof; ePsf] 5Ù clwsf+z ¿kdf of] 7"nf Jofj;flos 3/fgfx¿df x'g] ub{5 hxfF emGeml6nf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ug'{ ufx|f] x'G5 . j}1flgs cWoogn] k|tf8gf lbg] sDkgLx¿n] k|of]u ug]{ $% k|sf/sf afgLJoxf]/fsf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ kfFrj6f k|d'v ;d"xdf ;f/f+lzt ug{ ;lsG5M

!= cfˆgf] s'/f JoQm ug{;Sg] sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtfdfly cfqmd0f ug]{ .

@= ;fdflhs ;DaGwdfly cfqmd0f ug]{ .

#= ;fdflhs k|lti7fdfly cfqmd0f ug]{ .

$= sfd ug]{ jftfj/0fdfly / hLjgsf] u'0f:t/dfly cfqmd0f ug]{ .

%= JolQmsf] zf/Ll/s :jf:Yodfly cfqmd0f ug]{ .

v'nfkgn] sfo{:yndf x'g] pTkL8g /f]S5

lhDd]jf/ pBdLsf] x}l;otdf xfdLn] cfkm}FnfO{ oL k|Zgx¿ ug'{k5{M sfo{:yndf x'g] pTkL8g /f]syfdsf] nflu xfdLn] s] ug{ ;S5fF}+ < o:tf] ePdf o;nfO{ /f]Sgsf] nflu xfdL s] ug{ ;S5f}F < ;f}efUojz, of] ljifodf lj1fgn] xfdLnfO{ s]xL ax'd"No hfgsf/L pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 ls s'g} Pp6f lglZrt k|sf/sf] jftfj/0fdf ;tfj6 ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g . Tof] xf] v'nfkgsf] jftfj/0f . cFWof/f]df dfq} pTkL8g x'G5 . clwsf+z ¿kdf kLl8tnfO{ df}lvs ¿kdf cfqmd0f ul/G5 / Tof]eGbf klg v/fa, pgLx¿nfO{ Psnf] kfl/G5 / ;d"xaf6 alxis[t ul/G5 . o:tf lgb{oL if8oGqx¿ lbgsf] v'nf pHofnf]df b]lvG5g\ / klxrfg ug{ ;lsg] aGb5g\ .

s;/L v'nfkg / kf/blz{tfsf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug{ ;lsG5 t < kf/blz{tf 5nkmnsf] :j:y jftfj/0fdf j[l4 x'G5 . o;nfO{ xfdL /rgfTds ax;sf] jftfj/0f eGb5f}F . of] o:tf] jftfj/0f xf] hxfF 5nsk6sf] lglDt s'g} :yfg x'F+b}g . o:tf] jftfj/0fdf cfˆgf cfnf]rgfTds ljrf/x¿ ;d]t JoQm ug]{ ;fx; / :jtGqtf x/]s;Fu x'G5 . x/]s JolQm c¿sf] ljrf/ ;'Ggdf / To;k|lt ljrf/ ljdz{ ug{ OR5's x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] jftfj/0f olQs} cfkm}F ;[hgf x'Fb}g .

pTkL8gsf sf/0fx¿

/rgfTds ax;sf] lglDt ;xh jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f ul/lbg' Joj:yfkgsf] bfloTj xf] . o;nfO{ ;Dej t'Nofpgsf] lglDt xfdLn] pTkL8gsf sf/0fx¿sf] vf]hL ug'{k5{ . clwsf+z ¿kdf pTkL8gsf sf/0fx¿ lgDg If]qx¿ /x]sf x'G5g\M

!= bL3{sfnLg / a9\bf] tgfj

5f]6f] ;dosf] lglDt s'g} JolQmn] 7'nf] dfqfdf tgfjnfO{ ;xg ;Sb5 . tgfj Tolta]nf dfq} vt/gfs aGb5 ha of] nfdf] ;do;Dd /lx/xG5 . o:tf] ;dofjlw x/]s JolQmsf] lglDt leGbfleGb} x'G5 . pBdL ePsf] gftfn] xfd|f] b[li6 tgfjsf nIo0fx¿nfO{ rfF8} klxrfg ug{df / s] plrt x'G5 eGg] s'/f a'e\mgdf s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 .

@= clgZrotf

Joj;fodf kl/jt{gx¿ x'g' cfjZos 5 . To;f] eP tfklg olb kl/jt{gx¿nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] of]hgf ul/Pg / sfof{Gjog ul/Pg eg] ltgn] ;+nUg kIfx¿df clgZrotf k}bf u/fOlbG5g\ . kl/jlt{t Joj:yfkgljgf sfof{Gjog ul/Psf kl/jt{gx¿ vt/gfs x'G5g\ . ;fy}, /fd|f];Fu Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] kl/jt{gn] dgf]j}1flgs kIfnfO{ klg Wofg lbG5 .

#= ;fdflhs ;Dks{sf] lglDt ;do gx'g'

cfhsnsf] xfd|f] JolQmjfbL ;dfhdf ljB'tLo sfo{ k4lt, 3/af6 sfof{nosf] sfd ug]{ / nrstfk"0f{ sfo{ ;do cTolws dfqfdf k|rngdf 5 . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg logLx¿sf klg gsf/fTds kIfx¿ 5g\ . JolQm–JolQm aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ of]hgfa4 ¿kdf 36fOPsf] x'G5 . sDkgLleq ;fdflhs ;Dks{nfO{ a[xt\ ¿kdf a9fjf lbg' plrt x'G5 .

$= a9\bf] cxd\

w]/} wgn] cem} w]/} :jlge{/tftkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb5 . lgZro g} xfdL o;df cfgGb lnG5f}F t/ o;sf gsf/fTds kIfx¿ klg 5g\ . c¿x¿k|ltsf] bfloTjaf]w x/fpFb} hfG5 . dflg;x¿n] cfkmF}nfO{ PSNofpF5g\ / a9\bf] dfqfdf cfˆgf] lglDt dfq ;/f]sf/ /fVb5g\ . of] gsf/fTds rqmnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsG5 / ;'N6\ofpg klg ;lsG5, t/ s;} g s;}n] of] ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

%= x|f;f]Gd'v pTyfgzLntf

pTyfgzLntf x|f; x'Fb} hfg] qmddf ;fdfGotofM ysfj6 klg ;Fu} cfpg] ub{5 . ysfj6sf sf/0fx¿ kQf nufpg' dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . sfdsf] dfqf w]/} x'g' ;d:of xf] cyjf ;DkGg gePsf w]/} j6f sfddf clNem/xg'rflxF ;d:of xf] < ;donfO{ /fd|f];Fu Joj:yfkg ugf{n] 7'nf] ;xfotf k'¥ofpFb5 . cyjf of] sb/ jf klxrfgsf] cefjsf] sf/0fn] xf] < plrt ;dodf k|of]u ul/Psf] Pp6f /rgfTds zAbn] 7'nf] zlQm pTkGg u/fpg ;S5 .

^= cTolws ;+j]bgzLntf

w]/} dflg;x¿ ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ c¿n] s] eGnfg\ egL 8/fO/xg] sdhf]/Lsf] ¿kdf lng] e|ddf k/]sf x'G5g\ . ;+j]bgzLntf d"Nojfg\ u'0f xf] . cfˆg} / c¿sf] efjgfnfO{ a'em\g' / ;xL tl/sfn] k|ltlqmof hgfpg' /fd|f] s'/f xf] / sDkgLsf] ;kmntfsf] lglDt of] dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . oBlk c¿n] s] ;f]Rnfg\ eGg] efjgfn] rfF8} g} cfTd–bof / cTolws ;+j]bgzLntftkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb5 . cGTodf o;n] ;a}nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpFb5 . To;sf/0f o:tf] cTolws ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ ;+j]bgzLn eP/ ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ .

&= x|f;f]Gd'v d"NodfGotf

sltko dflg;x¿df ;+j]bgzLn ljj]s x'G5 . pgLx¿ cfˆgf d"No– dfGotf;Fu gldNg] Joxf/k|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'G5g\ . t/ c¿ sltko dflg;x¿df s'g} ljj]s g} gePsf] h:tf] b]lvG5 / pgLx¿sf] s'g} d"No–dfGotf x'Fb}g . To;}sf/0f, pgLx¿sf lglDt d"No–dfGotfaf6 axlsg] eGg] h:tf] s'g} s'/f x'Fb}g . ;a} s'/fx¿ 7Ls} h:tf] b]lvG5g\ . oBlk, jf:tljstf To:tf] x'Fb}g . ;+:yfdf ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ d"No–dfGotf cfjZos x'G5, To:tf ;femf d"No–dfGotfx¿ h;df pgLx¿ ;xdt x'g ;s"g\ . ;+:yfdf ;xL d"No–dfGotf s;n] pknAw u/fpFb5 / ltgLx¿ kfng ul/G5g\ eGg] s'/f lgZro u/fpFb5 t <

cWofo ^

s - DkgL Joj:yfkgdf dflg;x¿;Fu ul/g] Jojxf/ ;a} eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . dflg;x¿n] xfd|f j:t'x¿ pTkfbg, ljqmL / vl/b u5{g\ . oL dflg;x¿ ;d"xx¿ xf]Ogg\ t/ JolQmx¿ x'g\ . xfdL lj1x¿sf] ;d"x;Fu /f]huf/Lsf] ;Demf}tf x:tfIf/ ub}{gf}F . ;Demf}tfx¿ ubf{ ;w}FF JolQmx¿;Fu ul/G5 . xfdL nlIft ;d"xnfO{ j:t'x¿ ljqmL ub}{gf}F . vl/bstf{x¿n] ;w}FF Pp6f JolQmsf] ¿kdf ;f]Rg] / dx;'; ug]{ ub{5g\ . d]lzgx¿ / k4ltx¿;Fu Jojxf/ ug'{eGbf dflg;x¿n] s;/L sfo{ ub{5g\ eGg] s'/f a'em\g ufx|f] eP tfklg pBdLn] of] s'/f a'em\g' pko'Qm x'G5 . JolQm cem a9L hl6n, cg'dfg nufpg g;lsg], a'em\g g;lsg] x'G5 / slxNo} klg k"0f{ ¿kdf kl/kSj ePsf] x'Fb}g . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg dflg;x¿ /f]rs / k|z:t ;Defjgfn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . pBdLnfO{ of] ;Defjgfsf] klxrfg / pkof]u ug]{ cj;/ x'G5 .

t/ dfgj :jefjsf ;sf/fTds kIf dfq x'Fb}gg\, gsf/fTds kIfx¿ klg x'G5g\ . olb oL s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] Wofg lbPgf}F eg] xfdL lg/Gt/ ¿kdf dflg;x¿k|lt lg/fz x'g] ub{5f}F . dxfg\ g]t[Tjn] dflg;x¿sf] ;antfsf ;fy;fy} b'a{ntf;Fu klg Jojxf/ u5{ .

æltdLn] Jolerf/ gug"{Æ eGg] 5}6f}F cf1fdf dflg;sf w]/} sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{ ;Dejt ;+of]u dfq xf]Og . sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg;Fu o;sf] s] ;DaGw5 t < olb xfd|f] sDkgL d]lzgx¿af6 dfq} ag]sf] 5 eg], o;sf] ljNs'n} s'g} ;DaGw 5}g . Tolt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg olb xfd|f] sDkgL dflg;x¿ Ps ;fy e]nf x'g] :yfg xf] eg] sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg;Fu of] cf1fsf] 7'nf] ;DaGw /xG5 . of] afOanLo cf1fn] dfgjLo :jefjsf ;an kIf / b'a{n kIfsf] af/]df atfpF5 . o;n] akmfbfl/tf / cg}ltstfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 . o;n] bL3{sfnLg;DaGw / kl5 uP/ kL8f lbg] Ifl0fs /dfO{nf]sf] af/]df atfpF5 . akmfbfl/tfsf] cy{ cGo ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ Toflulbg' xf] . olb s'g} JolQm af/Daf/ Jofj;flos ofqfdf lg:sG5 eGg] p;n] w]/} ;d:of pTkGg ug]{ cj;/x¿sf] ;fdgf u5{ . olb Tof] JolQm klxNo} ;r]t 5}g eg], o:tf cj;/x¿n] p;nfO{ km;fpg] hf]lvd /xG5 . o:tf s'/fx¿k|lt ;r]t x'g' / ;f]xLcg'¿k tof/L ug'{ c;n x'G5 .

cfTdljZjf; plrt 5, t/ cledfgrflxF plrt 5}g

egfO g} 5, ls df}sfn] rf]/ hGdfpF5 . cj;/n] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ x/]s lsl;dsf a]OdfgL ug{] k/LIffdf kfb{5 . cg}ltstfsf] h/f x'G5g\ . ;'?df oL h/fx¿ ;fgf / gb]lvg] k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . To;f] eP tfklg, ltgLx¿ j[l4 x'G5g\ / :jfyL{ OR5fx¿sf] :j¿k lnG5g\ . olb logLx¿nfO{ emf/sf] ¿kdf ;dod} klxrfg ul/Pg eg] / pv]n]/ kmflnPg eg], ltgLx¿ rf/}lt/ km}lnG5g\ / kl5 uP/ 7'nf] emf8L aGb5g\ . To;kl5 t ltgLx¿ cfˆg} tl/sfn] ultzLn ¿kdf ljsf; x'G5g\ / rfF8} g} ltgLx¿ lgoGq0f ug{ g;lsg] aGb5g\ .

lsg ljz]if u/]/ pBdL JolQmTjx¿ cg}ltstfdf km:g] vt/fdf x'G5g\ t < lsgls pBdLx¿;Fu w]/} :jtGqtf x'G5 . :jtGqtf pgLx¿sf] :jefljs tTj xf] . pgLx¿ h] rfxG5g\ ;f] ug{ ;S5g\ / u5{g\ klg . pgLx¿ cfkmF}n] lg0f{o ub{5g\ / cfˆgf] sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L klg cfkmF} axg ub{5g\ . 3l6df klg pgLx¿ oL s'/fx¿df ljZj:t x'G5g\ . lhDd]jf/L x'g' / lhDd]jf/ axg ug'{ Pp6} s'/f xf]Ogg\ . cfˆg} OR5fnfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg{] sfdnfO{ k|foM lhDd]jf/Lsf] af]emnfO{ axfgf agfP/ plrt 7x¥ofpg] ul/G5 . To;f] eP tfklg s'g} uNtL ul/Psf] 5 eg] To;sf] lhDd]jf/L lng' kbf{rflxF ;a} hgf r'krfk /xG5g\ . ;kmn pBdLx¿ cfˆg} zlQmdf a9L e/kg]{ vt/fdf /x]sf x'G5g\ . eb|tf cfTdljZjf;df kl/0ft x'G5 h'g To;kl5 cledfg, 3d08 / cx+sf/df kl/jt{g x'G5 .

ljZjf;of]Uo bDktL aLrsf jftf{nfkx¿

oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ x/]s pBdLsf] lglDt lrGtg\ dgg\ / ;'wf/sf] lglDt Pp6f ;fwg rflxG5 . ;a}eGbf 7'nf] k|efj kfg]{ cfjfh k|foM u/L >Ldfg\÷>LdtLsf] cfjfh x'g] ub{5 . d]/L >LdtLsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ dnfO{ of] /fd|/L yfxf 5 . k|foM pgLn] s'g} klg s'/fnfO{ d}n]eGbf uDeL/ / Jofjxfl/s ¿kn] x]g]{ ub{l5g\ . d}n] pgnfO{ of] s'/f geg] tfklg, clwsf+z ;dodf d}n] pgsf] s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg] ub{5' . :j}lR5s ¿kdf / hfgLa'emL csf]{ JolQmåf/f d"NofÍg ul/g /fhL x'gsf] nflu 7'nf] ;fx; rflxG5 . tfklg, of] ;fy{s / cfjZos klg 5 .

o:tf] d"NofÍgsf] lglDt ;w}FF >LdtL g} rflxG5 eGg] 5}g . d]/f] ;]jfu|fxLx¿ dWo] s]xL sDkgLsf dflns 5g\ . pgLx¿ d}n] pgLx¿sf] lglDt Joj;fo ;DaGwL jf:tljs k/fdz{ lbPsf] rfxFb}gg\ . pgLx¿ dnfO{ cfˆgf ljrf/x¿ ;'gfpg rfxG5g\ / d]/f] v'nf / Odfgbf/ ljrf/ ;'Gg] ck]Iff ub{5g\. Ps lx;fan] d ltgLx¿sf] k|lzIfssf] e"ldsf lgefpFb5' . pgLx¿n] daf6 cfnf]rgf klg u|x0f ub{5g\ / Tof] cfnfrgfsf] lglDt dnfO{ z'Ns ;d]t ltb{5g\ . ;Dejt pgLx¿ ;kmn x'g'sf] jf:tljs sf/0f oxL x'g;S5 . pgLx¿n] /rgfTds cfnf]rgfsf] dxTj a'em]sf 5g\ . clg pgLx¿ cfkm}Fdf a9L e/ kg]{ jf cfkm}FnfO{ unt d"NofÍg ug]{ sfdsf] vt/fk|lt ;r]t ePsf x'G5g\ .

Joj:yfksn] hlt a9L ;kmntfsf] e¥ofË r9\b5, p;n] Tolt g} dfqfdf clS;hg kftnf] ePsf] / cfkm" Psnf] ePsf] kfpF5 . rfF8} g} p;sf jl/kl/ ePsf x/]sn] p;Fu gd|tfk"j{s Jojxf/ u5{g\ . p;n] u/]sf x/]s s'/fnfO{ ;dy{g u5{g\ clg s;}n] klg s'g} /Ltn] p;Fu dtleGgtf hgfpg] ;fx; ub}{gg\ .

;'?df t o;n] p;nfO{ dVv agfpF5, t/ of] jftfj/0fdf p;n] rfF8} g} oyfy{tf;Fusf] ;Dks{ u'dfpFb5 / p;nfO{ of] s'/fsf] kQ} x'Fb}g . olb p;sf ljrf/x¿nfO{ sfF65fF6 gug]{ xf] eg] tL eofjx ¿kdf j[l4 x'g ;'? ug]{5g\ . ca pm s'g} klg k|sf/sf] vt/fdf kg]{ ;Defjgf x'G5 . ;fgf ljrf/x¿ kf/ nfpg g;lsg] emf8L aG5g\ .

o:tf clgolGqt h+un ¿kL ljrf/sf] sf/0f sltko pBdLx¿sf] j}jflxs hLjg tx;gx; x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ;fgf tyf demf}nf cfsf/sf sDkgLx¿ lgdf{0f ug{df j}jflxs hf]8L b'j}sf] s]lGb|o e"ldsf x'g] x'Fbf o:tf] hLjgn] sDkgLnfO{ g/fd|f] c;/ kfb{5 . o;sf/0f j}jflxs ;DaGwnfO{ uf]8d]n ug'{ ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o;sf] lglDt akmfbfl/tf k"j{zt{ xf] .

tyflk, Jofj;flos hLjgdf klg akmfbfl/tfn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . klxnf] k6ssf] sf/f]af/n] jf Psk6ssf] sf/f]af/n] dfq} slxNo} w]/} gfkmf lbFb}g . lg/Gt/sf] sf/f]af/n] dfq d'gfkmf sdfpg ;lsG5 . oxL s'/f cfk"lt{stf{ / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;DaGwdf klg nfu" x'g] ub{5 . d"Nodf yf]/} leGgtfsf] sf/0fn] af/Daf/ cfk"lt{stf{x¿ kl/jt{g ug{' /fd|f] s'/f xf]Og . / o:tf]df akmfbf/ sd{rf/Lx¿n] sDkgLsf] d"NonfO{ 7'nf] dfqdf j[l4 ug{ ;S5g\ . Tolt eP tfklg Wofg lbg' cfjZos kg]{ s]xL ljifox¿ 5g\ .

Pp6f c;n ljjfx ;fem]bf/L xf] . ;xL ;fem]bf/ r'Gg' dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . tyflk, ;DaGwnfO{ dnhn ug{' klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . of] If]qdf klg, kj{t r9\g] qmddf d}n]+ w]/} l;s]sf] 5' . tL lbgx¿df d ljjfxsf] nflu tof/ lyOgF . d x'ls{Psf] jftfj/0fdf d}n] ;DaGwsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] Jojxf/ ug{ l;s]sf] lyOgF . d åGåx¿nfO{ bafpg] uy]{+ jf ltgLx¿af6 efUg] ub{y]F . To;kl5 d}n] d]/f] ;fyL;Fu oL kj{tf/f]x0fsf ofqf ;'? u/]F . pgsL /fd|L s]6L ;fyL hf] kl5 pgsL >LdtL algg\, ltgL klg oL ofqfx¿df af/Daf/ xfd|f] ;fydf hfg] uly{g\ . pgLx¿sf /dfOnf / hf];Lnf jftf{nfk ;'Gg' dnfO{ /dfOn} nfUYof] . t/ Ps lbg xfdL lxF8\b} Pp6f lzlj/tkm{ hfFb}ubf{ pgLx¿ Pscsf{k|lt l/;n] lrRofpFb} / s/fpFb} emu8f u/] . Tof] ldnfksf] jftfj/0f tTsfn} x/fof] . k"/} xKtf g} lbSs nfUbf] x'g]eof] eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] . t/ o;n] t cs}{ ¿k kf] lnof] .

nueu cfwf 306fkl5 emu8f ;lsof] / To;kl5 pgLx¿n] æIfdfk|fyL{ 5' lk|o . dnfO{ dfkm u/Æ eGb} Pscsf{df c+sdfn / r'Dag u/] . d]/f] kl/j]zdf tL zAbx¿ d]/f nflu gf}nf lyP . To;kl5 pgLx¿ aLrsf] ;a} a]d]n nf]k eof] . clg xfdL v';L x'Fb} cfˆgf] af6f]df cl3 a9\of}F . o;/L d}n] åGåx¿nfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsFbf] /x]5 eGg] l;s]F . jiff}{+ kl5 d klg ljjfxsf] lglDt tof/ ePF . d}n] Ps c;n :qL;Fu ljjfx u/]F . lgZro g}, xfd|f] hLjgdf åGåk"0f{ kl/l:yltx¿ lyP / #) jif{kl5 cem} klg slxn]sxLFF To:tf ;d:ofx¿ cfpF5g\ . To;f] eP tfklg xfdLn] oL kl/l:yltx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ l;s]sf 5f}F . o:tf] k|sf/sf] ;DaGw ;+;f/df ePsf] ;f/f ;'geGbf klg a9L d"Nojfg\ x'G5 . ha xfdL ;Fu;Fu} åGådfly ljho k|fKt ub{5f}F, o;n] ljZjf;of]UotfnfO{ lgdf{0f ub{5 / To;nfO{ dha't agfpF5 .

To;}sf/0f xfdL;Fu glhs ePsf dflg;x¿ / h'g tl/sfn] xfdLn] xfd|f ;DaGwnfO{ kfng kf]if0f u5f}{+, Tof] dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . of] s'/f ljjfxsf] ;Gbe{df dfq nfu" x'g] xf]Og . pTs[i6 sDkgLx¿n] ;DaGwnfO{ dxTj lbG5g\ / o;sf ;a} kIfnfO{ kfng kf]if0f u5{g\ . o;df laqm]tfx¿ / ;]jfu|fxLx¿ ;fy;fy} ;/sf/L sd{rf/L tyf nufgLstf{ / ;fem]bf/x¿;Fusf] ;DaGw kb{5 . ;DaGwx¿ alnof] agfpgsf nflu ;do / zlQm nufgL ug'{ kb{5 .

xfd|f ;xsdL{x¿

;j{k|yd xfdL xfd|f sd{rf/Lx¿sf af/]df ljrf/ u/f}F . sDkgLdf nfdf] ;do;Dd /x]sf x/]s sd{rf/L c;n sd{rf/L x'G5g\ g} eGg] h?/L 5}g . jf:tjdf w]/} t a]sDdf ePsf x'G5g\ / pgLx¿sf o:tf] e|d x'G5 ls sDkgLn] pgLx¿nfO{ sbflrt u'dfpg ;Sb}g . ;Dejt pgLx¿n] 5n5fd u/]/ / yf]/} dfq} sfd u/]/ o:tf] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf x'g ;S5g\ . oltsf jif{;Dd ltgLx¿sf dflyNnf bhf{sfx¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ d"Nofjfg\ sd{rf/Lx¿df abNg klg ;s]gg\ gt pgLx¿nfO{ lgisf;g g} ug{ ;s] .

o;/L, Pp6f k|rngsf] lgod :yflkt x'g k'U5 . cln cln ub}{ dflyNnf] bhf{sf] sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] dftxtsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg] sfdsf] dfqf / u'0f:t/ 36fpFb} nUof], / sd{rf/Ldf klg yf]/} sfdsf] ck]Iff ug{] afgL a:of] . of] ;lhnf] lyof] . of] 7'nf] r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf b]lvP tfklg g]t[Tjz}nLsf] of] uNtLnfO{ ;'wf/ ug'{ Joj:yfkssf] ¿kdf tkfO{++sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . cGoyf, sfdrf]/ / emf/f 6fg]{ k|j[lQ sDkgLel/ km}lng]5 . clg of] x/]ssf] lglDt vt/gfs x'G5 .

sl7g sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu ;fdgf ug{sf] nflu g]t[Tjsf] Ps ;fwf/0f gd"gfaf6 cK7\of/f sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu Jojxf/ ug{ 7'nf] ;xfotf ldNg ;S5 . oxL cf}hf/nfO{ k|of]u u/]/ em6\6 x]bf{ a]sDdf h:tf] b]lvg] sd{rf/Ldf /x]sf] pkof]uL u'0f kQf nufpg ;lsG5 .

cfˆgf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] af/]df ;f]Rg'xf];\ / ltgLx¿ x/]ssf] gfd cÍ tflnsfsf] gf}j6f If]qx¿ dWo] Pp6fdf n]Vg'xf];\ . of] r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g]5 . t/ o;n] tkfO{++nfO{ x/]ssf] lglDt 7'nf] kl/0ffd Nofpg] tkfO{++sf sd{rf/Lx¿ / lg0f{ox¿sf] af/]df /0fgLlts ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o ug{df ;xfotf k'¥ofpg]5 .

If]q !M Go"g bIftf / Go"g k|oTg

logLx¿ Go"gjfbLx¿ x'g\ . o:tf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ /f]huf/ ahf/df cfk"mnfO{ gofF k|sf/n] cled'vLs/0f x'gsf] nflu Pp6f df}sf lbg'xf];\ / pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] JolQmut ljsf;df of]ubfg lbg cj;/ lbg'xf];\ . pgLx¿sf] Go"g sfo{bIftf pgLx¿s} Go"g k|oTgn] ubf{ ePsf] xf], To;sf/0f cfˆgf] sfo{bIftf a9fpg pgLx¿n] k|oTg klg a9L ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f pgLx¿nfO{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .

If]q @M dWod:t/sf] bIftf / Go"g k|oTg

o:tfx¿ klg Go"gjfbLx¿ g} x'g\ . o:tf sd{rf/Lx¿n] cfkm}FnfO{ ;'wfg{ OR5's 5g\ eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ clGtd r]tfpgL lbg' k5{ / sDkgLdf sfd ug{ Ps df}sf lbg' k5{ . gq eg] csf]{ ljsNk eg]sf] pgLx¿nfO{ lgisf;g ug'{ dfq} xf] .

If]q #M pRr bIftf / Go"g k|oTg

o:tf sd{rf/Lx¿ vt/gfs x'G5g\ . pgLx¿;Fu ePsf] pRr:t/sf] bIftfn] ubf{ pgLx¿ kl/0ffd ef]Ug' gkg]{ u/L dgf]dfgL tl/sfn] sfd ug{ kfOG5 eGg] 7fG5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfk"mljgf sDkgL rNg} g;Sg] eGg]] k|efj kfg{ rfxG5g\ . t/ klg pgLx¿ Tolt w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'Fb}gg\, pgLx¿ geP tfklg sDkgL rNg ;S5 . pgLx¿n] sDkgL 5f]8]/ uO{;s]kl5 dfq} pgLx¿n] 7fg]sf] h:tf] cefj dx;'; x'g]5}g . a?, cfh;Dd klxrfg gul/Psf cGo sd{rf/Lx¿ b]vfk5{g\ hf];Fu pgLx¿ hlQs} bIftf x'G5 . o:tf pRr bIftfo'Qm sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lgisf;g ug'{eGbf klxn], pgLx¿af6 cem} 7'nf] k|oTgsf] dfu ug'{ / sDkgLsf] lxtdf sfd ug]{ dfu ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . k|foM of] ;Dej x'G5 . olb pgLx¿n] of] s'/f dfg] eg], pgLx¿ sDkgLdf d"Nojfg\ lx/f aGb5g\ .

If]q $M cl:y/ k|oTg / pRr bIftf

oL dflg;x¿;Fu pkof]udf gcfPsf ;Defjgf x'G5 . s'g} sf/0fj;, slxn] sxL+F oL dflg;x¿df pTk|]/0ffsf] sdL x'G5, cfˆgf] bIftfnfO{ k|of]u ug{] rfxgf x'Fb}g . olb o:tf ufF7f]x¿nfO{ k'msfpg ;lsof] eg] pgLx¿ cToGt} d"Nofjg\ aG5g\ . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf, ljlzi6 kl/j]znfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ z}nL cyf{t\ kl/j]zcg';f/sf] g]t[Tjz}nL pko'Qm x'g ;S5 . hjfkmb]xL Jojxf/ l;Sgsf] nflu o:tf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ s]xL :jtGqtf rflxG5, t/ ljz]if kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf klg rflxG5 . pko'Qm tflnd kfPdf, pgLx¿ :jtM:k"mt{ ¿kdf d"Nofjfg\ / cfˆgf] bfloTj axg ug{ ;Sg] sd{rf/L aGb5g\ .

If]q %M cl:y/ k|oTg / dWod:t/sf] bIftf

logLx¿nfO{ :j¿k lbg jf agfpg ;lsG5 . pgLx¿n] sfddf 7'nf] k|oTg ug]{ / sfd ug]{ 7'nf] Ifdtf 5 eGg] s'/f klxn] g} k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ :ki6 lgb]{zg / ck]Iffx¿;lxt lg/Gt/ ¿kdf g]t[Tj lbO/xg'k5{ . logLx¿ klg sDkgLsf] lx/f aGg ;S5g\ .

If]q ^M cl:y/ k|oTg / Go"g bIftf

logLx¿ cl:y/ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿n] :yfloTj / e/kbf]{kgf klg j[l4 jf kl/kSjtfsf] Ps efu xf] eGg] s'/f l;Sg'k5{ . clg oL b'j} s'/f l;Sg ;lsG5 . olb pgLx¿ of] kl/kSj x'g] k|lqmofdf ;xdt eP eg] ltgLx¿ /fd|/L g} ljsf; x'G5g\ . olb pgLx¿n] o;df ;fy lbPgg\ eg], Pp6} dfq ljsNk eg]sf] pgLx¿nfO{ hfg lbg' xf] . lsgeg] hflu/sf] vf]hL ug'{kg]{ bafj dx;'; u/]kl5 dfq} pgLx¿sf] r]t v'N5 .

If]q &M Go"g bIftf / pRr k|oTg

Ps cy{df, oL sd{rf/Lx¿ klg lx/fx¿ g} x'g\ . pgLx¿ af}l4s ¿kdf / zf/Ll/s ¿kdf sdhf]/ eP tfklg, sDkgLsf] enfOsf] nflu ;f/f ;Dk"0f{ Åbon] sfo{ ug]{ qmddf pgLx¿n] e/dUb'/ k|oTg u5{g\ . xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] ;LldttfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . o:tf k|sf/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ a9L af]em glbg] sfo{:yn / b}lgs ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] :ki6 lgb]{zgsf] cfjZostf k5{ . g}lts d"NodfGotfsf] l;4fGtcg';f/ ;~rfng ePsf] sDkgLsf] lglDt s]xL ;+Vofdf o:tf k|sf/sf dflg;x¿nfO{ /f]huf/df nufpg' cfb/sf] s'/f xf] . ha cGo sd{rf/Lx¿sf] o:tf] jf:tf ug]{ Jojxf/ b]V5g\, pgLx¿ ;fdflhs ¿kdf ;lqmo /x]sf] sDkgL;Fu sfd ug]{ df}sf kfPsf]df s[t1 x'g]5g\ .

If]q *M dWod bIftf / pRr k|oTg

logLx¿ klg lx/fx¿ g} x'g\ . pgLx¿;Fu s]xL :t/sf] bIftf x'G5 / cfkm}FnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf sfddf nufpFb5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;xL 7fpFdf k|of]u ul/g'k5{ / pgLx¿sf] lj1tfsf] If]q r'g]/ To; If]qdf kbf]Gglt ug{'k5{ .

If]q (M pRr bIftf / pRr k|oTg

oL sd{rf/Lx¿ ef/ axg ug]{ vDafx¿ x'g\ . dxTjk"0f{ sfdx¿ k"0f{ ¿kdf pgLx¿nfO{ ;'Dkg ;lsG5 . pgLx¿ ;d:ofnfO{ cfkmF}n] k"0f{ ¿kdf ;dfwfg ug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ . olb d}n] o:tf dflg;x¿nfO{ j[l4sf] lglDt cj;/ lbg ;lSbgF eg] d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ hfg lbg'k5{ / pgLx¿n] csf]{ sDkgLdf cfˆgf] j[lQljsf; ug{ ;Ifd ePsf]df d v';L x'g'k5{ .

tkfO{++n] ;Dejt b]Vg'eof] xf]nf j[l4 x'gsf] nflu leGgfleGg} sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ leGgfleGg} g]t[Tjz}nLsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . To;}sf/0f, pBdL / ;Dk"0f{ g]t[Tj ;d"xn] qmda4 ¿kdf g]t[Tj Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ . /rgfTds tl/sfn] dflg;x¿;Fu Jojxf/ ug{] s'/f l;Sgsf nflu ul/g] nufgL cfjZostfeGbf a9L x''g] ;Defjgf k|foM c;Dej x'G5 .

tyflk, sd{rf/Lx¿ lgo'Qm ug{] r/0fd} uNtL ul/G5 . ljz]if u/]/ gofF :yflkt ePsf sDkgLsf dflnsx¿;Fu sd{rf/Lx¿ 5gf]6 ug{] af/]df Go"g cg'ej x'G5 jf slQ klg cg'ej x'Fb}g . o;/L, uDeL/tfk"j{s pgLx¿sf] bIftfsf] hfFr gu/Lsg ;'?df pgLx¿n] ldq, gftfuf]tf / lrghfgsf dflg;x¿nfO{ sDkgLdf lgo'Qm u5{g\ . o;sf kl/0ffdx¿ b'MvbfoL x'G5g\ . olb oL gofF sd{rf/Lx¿n] rflxPsf] h:tf] sfd ug{ ;s]gg\ jf ug{ OGsf/ u/] eg] tkfO{++ s] ug'{x'G5 < o:tf] cj:yfdf ldqtfnfO{ / ;DaGwnfO{ vt/fdf gkf/Lsg sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lgisf;g ug'{ sl7g x'G5 .

bIftfk"j{s sd{rf/Lx¿ 5gf]6 ug{sf] nflu lgDg s'/f rflxG5M != cfjZos of]Uotf ljj/0f -bIftf, ;fdflhs bIftf, sfo{;Dkfbg bIftf_ @= ljlzi6 sfo{ljj/0f cyjf sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut ljj/0f -d'Vo nIo, d'Vo sfo{x¿, lhDd]jf/L, bIftfx¿, s;sf] dftxtdf /xg'kg]{_ #= kbsf] lj1fkg -lj1fkg, OG6/g]6, JolQmut s'/fsfgL_ $= 5gf]6 k|lqmof -lgj]bg sfuhft, cGt/jftf{, l;kmfl/;stf{x¿, nAwfÍ kqx¿, JolQmTj ljj/0f_ %= /f]huf/ ;Demf}tf ^= sd{rf/LnfO{ sDkgL / sfo{;Fu kl/lrt u/fpg] of]hgf

cfk"lt{stf{

tkfO{++n] bL3{sfnLg cfk"lt{stf{ ;DaGw lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu klg zlQm nufgL ug'{ kb{5 . ;kmntfsf] lglDt cfk"lt{stf{;Fusf] c;n ;DaGwn] /0fgLlts e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . k|foh;f] d"Nosf] cfwf/df dfq} cfk"lt{stf{ 5gf]6 ul/G5 . ;aeGbf ;:tf] cfk"lt{stf{n] cfk"lt{sf] lhDd]jf/L kfpFb5 .

s'g} s'g} If]qdf dfq o;n] sfd u5{ . clwsf+z cj:yfdf o:tf] Jojxf/n] bL3{sfndf u'0f:t/df x|f; cfpF5 / bL3{sfndf xfdLn] u|fxs u'dfpF5f}F .

cfk"lt{stf{ Joj:yfkgdf tLgj6f r/0f ;dfj]z x'G5g\M

!= ;Defljt cfk"lt{stf{x¿sf] k"j{5gf]6M

cfk"lt{stf{n] s'g dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf] x'g'k5{ <

@= cfk"lt{stf{x¿sf] d"NofÍgM

xfdLn] vf]h]sf] dfkb08nfO{ p;n] slt xb;Dd k"/f ug{ ;S5 < -pbfx/0fsf] nflu d"No, u'0f:t/, ljt/0f, eg]sf] ;dodf cfk"lt{ ug]{ ljZj;gLotf, gofF vf]h ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf, nrstf, ;~rf/, kf/blz{tf, ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug]{ tTk/tf / Ifdtf_

#= cfk"lt{stf{;Fusf] ;DaGw Joj:yfkg / dfu{lgb]{zg

of] ;DaGwaf6 bL3{sfnLg¿kdf b'j} kIfnfO{ nfe x'g] kl/0ffd cfpF5 eGg] s'/f d s;/L ;'lglZrt ug{ ;S5' t <

u|fxsx¿

u|fxsx¿;Fusf] bL3{sfnLg;DaGw lgZro g} ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . k|To]s gofF u|fxs ylkFbf d v';L x'G5' . gofF u|fxsx¿sf] dfWodaf6 d}n] gofF If]qsf ahf/sf] af/]df 1fg kfpF5' / of] k|lqmofdf /f]rs dflg;x¿nfO{ e]6\b5' . olb d}n] bzsf}F;Dd k/fdz{ lbPsf] u|fxs h;n] cfh;Dd klg c¿nfO{ dsxfF cfpg ;'emfj ul//x]sf] 5 eg], o;n] dnfO{ cem a9L cfgGb lbP/ oL jif{x¿ el/ g} xfdLn] ljleGg kl/j]zdf w]/} ;femf cg'ejx¿sf] cfwf/df ;DaGw lgdf{0f u/]sf 5f}F . xfdLn] ;Fu;Fu} ;d:of ;dfwfg u/]sf 5fF}, ljrf/x¿sf af/]df lrGtg\dgg\ u/]sf 5f}F, cjwf/0ffx¿ ljsf; u/]sf 5f}F, sDkgLx¿ lgdf{0f u/]sf 5fF}, clg ;Fu;Fu} ef]hg u/]sf 5f}F . oL ;femf cg'ejx¿n] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ dha't agfpF5g\ / lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;xsfo{sf] rfxgf klg a9fpF5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] ;fem]bf/L lgdf{0f ug]{ k"j{zt{ s] xf] t < of] ljzfn 1fg / 7'nf] of]Uotf xf]Og . g t of] l;4 j:t'x¿ jf ;]jfx¿ g} x'g\ . of] t dfgjLotf, cyf{t Pscsf{k|lt cfb/zLn / xFl;nf] cGt/lqmof xf] .

u|fxsx¿sf] ck]IffeGbf a9L ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'

u|fxssf] ;Gt'li6sf] af/]df d}n] Pp6f cEof; u/fpF5' h;n] ljBfyL{x¿ / uf]i7Lsf ;xefuLx¿df ;w}FF tgfj k}bf u/fpFb5 . of] cEof;df xfdL u|fxssf tLgj6f :t/sf ;Gt'li6x¿sf] af/]df rrf{ u5f{}+ . Go"gtd :t/ Tof] :t/ xf] h;df u|fxssf] ck]Iff k"/f ePsf] x'Fb}g . o;n] u|fxsx¿nfO{ c;Gt'i6 t'NofpFb5 h;sf] sf/0f pgLx¿n] xfd|f] af/]df gsf/fTds s'/f u5{g\ . bf];|f] :t/df u|fxsn] JoQm u/]sf ck]Iffx¿ p;n] vf]h]cg';f/ k"/f ul/Psf x'G5g\ . uf]i7Lsf clwsf+z ;xefuLx¿sf] lglDt ;]jfsf] pRrtd :t/ oxL xf] . t/ ;To olt dfq} xf]Og . u|fxsx¿sf] ck]Iff k"/f ubf{, To;n] s]xL ;dosf] nflu pgLx¿nfO{ v';L t agfpg ;S5, t/ pgLx¿ xfdLk|lt pT;fxL x'g]5}gg\ / ;fob} c¿x¿nfO{ xfdLsxfF hfg l;kmfl/; ug]{5g\ . xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] ck]IffeGbf a9L ;]jf pknAw u/fPkl5 dfq} xfdLn] o:tf pT;fxL u|fxs kfpg]5f}F h;n] ;lqmo ¿kdf c¿x¿nfO{ xfdLsxfF hfg l;kmfl/; ug]{5g\ . o;sf] lglDt w]/} sNkgf zlQm / ;fdYo{sf] vfFrf] kb{5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf dfq} jf:tljs ;fem]bf/L / u'0ffTds j[l4 ;'? x'G5 . c¿x¿nfO{ xfdLsxfF hfg ;kmfl/; ug]{ Pp6f u|fxs ;a}eGbf pQd / ;'Gb/ lj1fkgeGbf klg w]/} d"Nojfg\ x'G5 .

oL # j6f dxTjk"0f{ k|Zgx¿ x'g\M

!= u|fxsx¿sf] ck]Iff k"/f gePsf] cj:yfnfO{ xfdL s;/L x6fpF5f}F <

@= u|fxsx¿sf] ck]IffnfO{ k"/f ug{ xfdL s] u5f}{+ <

#= u|fxsx¿sf] ck]Iffx¿eGbf a9L ug{ xfdL s] u5f}{+ <

oL tLgj6fsf] cnfjf csf]{ rf}yf] k|Zg klg 5 h'grfFlx jf:tjd} ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . xfd|f ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;xL tl/sfn] Jojxf/ u5{g\ eGg] s'/fdf xfdL s;/L lglZrt u5f}{+ <

Plzof dxfb]z e|d0f ug]{ qmddf d AofÍsdf /f]lsg dg k/fpF5' . ToxfF d ofqfsf] ysfgaf6 k'gtf{huL kfpF5' clg ofqfsf] bf]>f] r/0fsf] lglDt cfkmF}nfO{ tof/ kf5{' . d}n] of] 7fpF /f]Hg'sf] sf/0f xf]6]n Do/Lof]6 xf] . ToxfF s] ePsf] lyof] t < Psk6s d xf]6n leq k|j]z ul/;s] kl5 Pshgf /fd|L :qLn] dnfO{ d]/f] sf]7fdf nu]/ dnfO{ Pp6f k|Zg u/]sL lyOg\ æef]ln tkfO{++ AofÍs 5f8\b} x'g'x'G5, tkfO{++sf] p8fg slt ah] xf] <Æ d}n] pgnfO{ d]/f] csf]{ 7fpFsf] nflu p8fg ef]lnsf] /flt !! ah] xf] eg] kl5 dnfO{ ca]/ u/]/} xf]6nsf] sf]7f 5f]8\g ldNg] Joj:yf ldnfO lbOg\ . æTo;f] xf] eg] tkfO{++n] ef]ln /fltsf] * ah];Dd} cfˆgf] sf]7f / xf]6nsf] jl/kl/sf 7fpFx¿nfO{ k|of]u ug{ kfpg' x'g]5 . o;/L km]l/ tkfO{++n] cfˆgf] ofqf ;'? ubf{ kof{Kt lj>fd kfpg'ePsf] x'g]5 .Æ oL sd{rf/Ln] Go"gtdeGbf a9L u/]sL lyOg\ . pgn] d]/f ck]Iffx¿ k"/f dfq ul/gg\ t/ Tof]eGbf a9L ul/g\ . ToxLFb]lv g} d af/Daf/ Tof] xf]6]ndf a:g] u/]sf] 5' . k6sk6s d}n] of] s'/f b]v]sf] 5' ls tL :qLn] dfq geP/ To; xf]6nsf ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿n] ToxL tl/sfn] ;f]Rg] / Jojxf/ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . of] ;+of]u dfq} xf]Og . of] t ;Dk"0f{ ;+:yfs} ;+:s[lt xf] . Joj:yfkgn] Tof] ;+:s[ltnfO{ lgdf{0f u5{ clg ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf of] s'/f atfPsf] x'G5 . o;af6 u|fxsn] nfe kfpF5 . p;n] o:tf] ;xh cg'ej u5{ ls cfˆgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ Tof] xf]6ndf hfg l;kmfl/; ug{df p;nfO{ s'g} lxrlsrfx6 x'Fb}g .

cWofo &

s - d{rf/LtGq, sfo{bIftf, e|i6frf/ / cg}lts k|lt:kwf{ . ljz]if u/]/ ljsf;zLn / pbLodfg /fi6«x¿df gofF sDkgL lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf d}n] k6s–k6s o:tf s'/fx¿sf] ;fdgf ub{5' . pRr ¿kdf ljsl;t d'n'sx¿sf] cj:yf klg To:t} 5 . k|:t'ltsf] :j¿k dfq km/s 5 . To;df lglxt lgotx¿ p:t} x'G5g\ . æltdLn] rf]/L gug"{Æ eGg] ;ftf}F cf1fn] o;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 . of] cf1f ;DklQsf] clwsf/sf] af/]df, oL clwsf/sf] xggsf] af/]df / o;f] ubf{sf kl/0ffdx¿sf] af/]df 5 . w]/} pBdLx¿sf] lglDt oL ljifox¿ ;dfwfg ug{ g;lsg] cj/f]wx¿sf ¿kdf /x]sf x'G5g\ .

/f]dflgofsf] Ps ;kmn pBdLn] ;+;bnfO{ o;/L ;Daf]wg u/]M æbz jif{ cufl8 d}n] Joj;fonfO{ Odfgbf/Lk"j{s / e|i6frf/ljgf ;~rfng ug{ c;Dej 5 eGg] ljZjf; uy]{+ . t/ cfh d ljZjf; u5'{ ls e|i6 tl/sfaf6 j]Odfg eP/ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ d]/f] nflu c;Dej 5 .Æ of] pBdLdf o:tf] s]xL ePsf] lyof] . pgn] cfˆgf] jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0fnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sb}g lyof], t/ pgn] cfkm}FnfO{ rflxF kl/jt{g ug{ ;SblyP . lg/Gt/ ¿kdf 3'; lbg'sf] ;§fdf pgn] sfg"g / To;sf ;Defjgfx¿sf] vf]hL u/]sf lyP . cGTodf o;n] sfd u¥of] . cfh pgnfO{ sltko sfg"gx¿sf] af/]df ;/sf/L s/ sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ eGbf w]/} yfxf 5 / o;/L pgn] k|efjsf/L 9Ën] pgLx¿nfO{ r'k u/fpg ;S5g\ .

cTolws e|i6frf/sf] sf/0f abgfd ePsf sltko b]zx¿df clxn] tNnf] / dWod:t/sf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof a9\b} 5, h;n] cfˆgf] st{Jo Odfgbf/L;fy / bIftfk"j{s kfng u/]sf 5g\ . sd{rf/LtGq, cbIftf, e|i6frf/ / ckljq k|lt:kwf{sf] ;fdgf ug'{kbf{ ca xfdL zlQmxLg / c;xfo 5}gf}F . o;sf] lg/fs/0f ug{ xfdL s]xL t ug{ ;S5f}F . ;ftf}F cf1fn] xfdLnfO{ :ki6 a'emfO;lxt oL s'/fx¿nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbFb} o:tf sfo{x¿sf] ;fdgf ug{sf] nflu cf1f lbG5 . ;fob oL cjwf/0ffx¿n] xfd|f] ;f]rfOdf cem} Pp6f :j¿k lng' g} kg]{ 5 xf]nf .

Odfgbf/L

of] 36gf ;g\ !(%) sf] bzsdf 36]sf] lyof] . Tof] ;dodf d Pp6f ;fgf] l76f] lyPF . Tof] lbg d]/f] efUodfgL lbg lyof] . d}n] ;8sdf k};fn] el/Psf] k;{ e]§fPF . ca s] ug]{ t < d]/f ufpFsf x/]s aRrfnfO{ o;kl5 s] ug'{kYof]{ eGg] yfxf lyof] / ToxL eof] . d}n] Tof] k;{nfO{ x/fPsf] ;DklQsf] lx;fa /fVg] sfof{nodf nu]F . ToxfF e]6fOPsf] k;{nfO{ btf{ ul/of] / lj:t[t ¿kdf o;sf] k/LIf0f ul/of] . d}n] cfˆgf] gfd / 7]ufgf 5f]l8lbg'k/]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ yfxf lyof] ls olb Ps jif{;Dd klg o;nfO{ s;}n] bfaL ug{ cfPg eg] dnfO{ hfgsf/L lbOGYof] / Tof] k};f ;lxtsf] k;{ dnfO{ /fVg cg'dlt lbOGYof] . olb o;nfO{ s;}n] bfaL u/\of] eg] x/fpg] JolQmn] e]6fpg] JolQmnfO{ ;'xfpFbf] z'Ns lbGYof] . clg 7Ls To:t} eof] . s]xL ;dokl5 Tof] sfof{noaf6 d}n] e]6fPafkt kfOg] z'Ns lng cfpg' eGg] kq kfPF . cfkm}+df uj{ ub}{ / v';L x'Fb} d Tof] Ogfd lng uPF .

ToxL l;4fGt cfh klg nfu" x'G5 . x/fpg] ;fdu|L e]6fpg] JolQmn] kfpg] plrt z'Ns jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg'kg]{ plrt /sd eGg] h:tf] s]xL s'/f x'G5 . To;}u/L cg'lrt z'Ns jf /sdx¿ eGg] h:tf] s'/f klg x'G5 . xfdL x's{g] qmddf, xfdLnfO{ a'af–cfdf, lzIfs / kf:6/x¿n] c¿sf] ;DklQsf] cfb/ ug{, Odfgbf/ aGg / ;+odL aGg l;sfpg' ePsf] lyof] . lsg w]/} dflg;x¿n]w]/}eGbf w]/} rfxG5g\ < c¿sf] ;DklQnfO{ cfb/ ug]{ cEof; lsg Tolt k|rngdf 5}g t < lsgeg] k/d]Zj/sf] cf1fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ d"No–dfGotf x/fO;s]sf] 5 . lsgeg] b}lgs hLjgdf k/d]Zj/nfO{ jf:tf gug]{ rng a9\b}5 . o;sf gsf/fTds kl/0ffdx¿ x'G5g\ . dfgjhfltn] oL unt ljsf;x¿nfO{ ljZjljBfnodf g}lts lzIff ljefudf :yfkgf u/]/ oL unt k|j[lQnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug]{ k|of; ub{5 . t/ To;af6 s]xL ;'wf/ ePg, cj:yf Ho'Fsf To'F 5 . g}ltstfnfO{ a'e\mg] dfq xf]Og, t/ To;}cg';f/ lhpg' kb{5 . clg k|fl1s ;"qåf/f dfq} of] nIo k|fKt ug{ ;lsFb}g, t/ s]xL ;fwf/0f cfr/0fsf d"No–dfGotfåf/f k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 . oL d"No–dfGotfx¿ bz cf1fdf lbOPsf lyP . j}1flgsx¿n] t'ngf u5{g\ / kl/eflift u5{g\ . oyfy{jfbLx¿n] cy{ kQf nufpF5g\ / sfof{Gjog u5{g\ . b'j} cfjZos 5g\ .

ca Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf eGg'kbf{ xfdL rf]/Laf6 6f9f /xg' k5{ / xfdLaf6 rf]g]{ k|of; ug]{ dflg;x¿af6 klg ;'/lIft /xg' k5{ . pBdL ePsf] gftfn] xfdLn] xfd|f sd{rf/L / xfdL :jo+n] cfˆgf] nufot c¿sf] ;DklQnfO{ s;/L Jojxf/ u5f}{+ eGg] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ . w]/} dflg;x¿sf nflu of] d"No–dfGotfaf6 ljrlnt x'g klg k"0f{ ¿kdf ;fdfGo} nfU5 .

rf]/Lsf kf;f]x¿

xfdLn] aRg' kg]{ rf]/Lsf s]xL kf;f]x¿ oxfF 5g\M

ljrf/x¿sf] rf]/L

x/]s ;[lht ljrf/x¿sf] k|ltlnlk clwsf/ x'G5 . o:tf ljrf/x¿ btf{ eO;s]kl5 oL clwsf/x¿ k|efjsf/L aG5g\ . tyflk, cfd ¿kdf dfGotfdf /x]sf] Gofoefjn] klg of] k|efjdf /xg ;S5 . w]/} ljifox¿df hyfefjL ul/g] gSsnx¿ jf:tjdf rf]/L xf] . gSsn ug'{ ;lhnf] x'g ;Snf, t/ o;n] JolQmsf] ;[hgfzLntfnfO{ ;Lldt agfOlbG5 .

clwsf/sf] rf]/L

x/]s sd{rf/LnfO{ plrt tna kfpg] clwsf/ x'G5 . To;sf] ;§fdf sfd lbg] JolQmn] sd{rf/Laf6 pko'Qm sfd k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ x'G5 . /f]huf/bftfn] ;xdlt ul/Psf] tna 7Ls ;dodf lbg' k5{ . clg sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] ;xdlt ePsf] sfdnfO{ ;dodf k"/f ug{sf] nflu cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf c;n 5 eGg] s'/f lglZrt ug'{ kb{5 .

;DklQsf] rf]/L

Jofj;flos hLjgdf j:t'x¿sf] rf]/L lj/n} dfqfdf d'2f aGg] ub{5, t/ cg'dltljgf sDKo'6/ k|f]u|fdx¿ k|of]u ug'{ rfFlx cS;/ x'g] u5{ . ljZjf;sf e/df Joj;fosf s'/f cfk"mnfO{ lhDdf lbg] ;fem]bf/af6 kmfObf p7fpg' klg rf]/L g} xf] .

;dosf] rf]/L

;do Pp6f ;Lldt ;|f]t xf] . ;do rf]g'{ x'Fb}g, t/ o;nfO{ pkof]u ug'{k5{ . Joj;fodf ;do rf]g]{ w]/} tl/sfx¿ 5g\ . cgfjZos ¿kdf asas ug'{, Wofg lbP/ g;'Gg', sfdsf] a]jf:tf ug'{, axfgf u/]/ l9nfO ug]{ dfusf k|lqmofx¿, Joj:yfkgsf] cefj, c:tJo:ttf cflb . oL s]xL pbfx/0fx¿ dfq} x'g\ . oL ;a}n] cbIftf / 3f6ftkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb5g\ . ha xfdL oL sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ ;'? ub{5f}F, xfdL ;do lbG5f}F . xfd|f u|fxsx¿nfO{, xfd|f sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ / xfdL cfk}FmnfO{ ;do lbG5f}+ .

rf]/Lsf cGo :j¿kx¿df ;fem]bf/af6 kmfObf n'6\g', 1fg, ;|f]t;fwg, hLljsf]kfh{g ;d'bfo, k|lti7f / cGo w]/} s'/fx¿ x'G5g\ . xfdL xfd|f ;[hgzLntf / Ifdtfx¿nfO{ rf]/ aGg xf]Og t/ oL dfly atfOPsf ;a} If]qx¿df gofF pkof]lutf ;[hgf ug]{ JolQm aGg ljsf; u/f}F .

gofF ¿kdf ;[hgf ug'{ rf]/L ug'{eGbf w]/} cflzlift x'G5

k|foM hf] sf]xLn] klg gSsn / rf]/L ug{ ;S5 . gofF ¿kdf ;[hgf ug'{ w]/} sl7g x'G5 . :ki6 ¿kdf eGg'kbf{, ;fFrf] pBdLx¿sf] sfd g} oxL xf] . pgLx¿n] gofF ljrf/, gofF j:t'x¿, gofF ;~hfnx¿, gofF sDkgLx¿, gofF ahf/x¿ / gofF cfzfsf] ;[hgf ub{5g\ . l:j; 38L pBf]u o;sf] hNbf]aNbf] pbfx/0f xf] . of] pBf]u ztfAbLof}Fb]lv ljZjJofkL ¿kdf gfd rn]sf] Joj;fo /lxcfPsf] 5 clg l:jh/Nof08 38Lx¿sf] lglDt Ps gDa/sf] /fi6« ag]sf] 5 . of] c;n VoftL cGo l:j; ;]jfx¿ / pTkflbt j:t'x¿df klg hf]l8Psf] 5 . logLx¿dWo]df d]lzg pBf]u nufot a}+s ;]jfx¿ / ko{6g Joj;fo x'g\ . l:j;sf] u'0f:t/Lotf, ljZj;gLotf, ;l6stf / sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ hxfFtxLF pRr d"NofÍg ul/GYof] . Sjfh{ 38L cfljisf/ gx'~h]n;Dd, t/ Tof] 38L pTkfbg ePsf] lbg l:j; 38Lsf] b'ef{Uosf] lbg aGg k'Uof] . Sjfh{ 38L l:jh/Nof08d} cfljisf/ ul/Psf]eP tfklg, lhDd]jf/ txdf a;]sfx¿n] pRr Hofnf lng] d'n's l:jh/Nof08df pTkfbg ul/g] Tof] 38Ln] ;kmntfk"j{s ahf/ lng ;S5 eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; u/]gg\ . t/ hfkfgL pBdLx¿ tTsfn} Tof] Sjfh{ 38Lsf] k|ljlw pTkfbgdf 9fn] / ljZjJofkL ahf/df lkFmhfP . o;/L pgLx¿n] eJo ¿kdf ;kmntf kfP . kl/0ffd :j¿k l:jh/Nof08sf 38L pBf]ux¿ w/fzfoL x'gk'u] . 38L sDkgLx¿df sfo{/t bzf}F xhf/ sd{rf/Lx¿n] /f]huf/L u'dfP clg w]/} l:j; 38L sDkgLx¿ klg aGb eP . Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;+qmd0fsfnLg r/0fdf, Pp6f kl/j]znfO{ unt ¿kdf a'lemof] / a]jf:tf ul/of] . nuQ} of] ;+s6n] l:jh/Nof08sf cGo Joj;fo / ahf/nfO{ klg gsf/fTds c;/ k'¥ofof] .

;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{

;f}efUojz, k|foh;f] ;+s6u|:t kl/j]zdf x'g] u/]sf] h:t}, pBdzLntfsf] ;f]r ePsf s]xL JolQmx¿n] x:tfIf]k u/] . pgLx¿ 38L pBf]usf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ JolQmx¿ t lyPgg\, t/ pgLx¿n] ;+s6sf] cj:yfnfO{ a'em] clg cfˆgf] pBdzLntfsf] lhDd]jf/L axg u/] . o:t} lsl;dsf] kl/l:ylt afOandf g]x]Dofxsf] k':tsdf kfpg ;lsG5 . g]x]Dofx ;';fdf lgjf{l;t hLjg latfO/x]sf lyP, h'g Tof] ;dodf kl;{ofdf kb{Yof] / pgL sfd ug]{ qmddf kbf]GglQ x'Fb} ;/sf/L pRr cf]xbfdf lyP . Ps lbg pgsf bfh'x¿ / k'/fgf ldqx¿ o?z]ndaf6 pgnfO{ e]6\g cfPsf lyP . w]/} jif{sf] lgjf{;g kl5 pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] dft[e"lddf kms{g] cg'dlt lbOPsf] lyof] . pgLx¿ kmls{P/ cfPkl5 g]x]DofxnfO{ o¿z]ndsf] jf:tljs kl/l:yltsf] af/]df atfOlbP . kvf{ndf Pp6f 9'Ëfdfly csf]{ 9'Ëf lyPg . x/]s s'/f gi6 ul/Psf] lyof] . o:tf] ;'Gbf g]x]Dofxsf] k|ltlqmof s] lyof] t < ;'?df t pgL y/y/ sfd] / :tAw eP . To;kl5 pgL y'r'Ss} a;] . pgn] o;sf] af/]df ljrf/ u/] / b'MvL eP . s}of}F lbg;Dd pgL ?Fb} k/d]Zj/df k|fy{gf u/] . o;/L pgn] k/d]Zj/åf/f cfk"m a;]sf] 7fpF 5f8]/ o¿z]nddf uO{ ;x/nfO{ k'gMlgdf{0f u/ eGg] cf1f kfP . / pgn] To;} u/] . Tof] sfd k"/f ug]{ qmddf pgn]] w]/} ;d:ofx¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . k/d]Zj/n] pgnfO{ tL ;a} ;d:ofx¿åf/f eP/} hfg lbg'eof] . tyflk, g]x]Dofxn] cfˆgf] nIodf gk'u'~h]n;Dd ;a} afwfx¿dfly ljho k|fKt ug{ a'l4, an / ;xfotf k|fKt u/] .

7Ls To;/L g}, dfly pNn]v ul/Psf l:j; 38L lgdf{tfx¿ 38L pBf]usf] cj:yf b]v]/ j]r}g eP . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] dft[e"ld l:jh/Nof08n] ef]Ug'kg]{ 3f6f a'em]sf lyP . 38L pBf]u pgLx¿n] k':tf}Fb]lvsf] 7'nf] k|oTgaf6 sdfPsf] kl/ro lyof] . oxL clGtd If0fdf pgLx¿n] oyf;Dej pkfo nufP/ of] pBf]unfO{ hf]ufpg' lyof] . / o;sf/0f pgLx¿ pBdLsf ¿kdf ;lqmo eP . dnfO{ yfxf 5}g, pgLx¿n] g]x]Dofxn] h:t} k/d]Zj;Fu ;xfotf dfu] ls dfu]gg\ . h]eP tfklg, pgLx¿sf] sfo{ ;fx;L, ;[hgzLn / :ki6 ¿kdf cflzlift lyof] . pgLx¿n] klxnf] k6s l:j; Sjfh{ 38Lsf] kl/of]hgf ;'?jft u/] h;n] u'd]sf] ahf/nfO{ k'gM k|fKt ug'{ lyof] tfls l:jh/Nof08 km]l/ Psk6s ljZjJofkL 38L pBf]udf cu'jf aGg ;sf];\ . To;sf] kl/0ffd, l:j; 38L :jfr sf] hGd lyof] . cfhsf] lbg;Dd pgLx¿sf] ;kmntf cTolws 5 / em08} $) s/f]8 38Lx¿ a]lr;lsPsf 5g\ . clxn] ;+;f/sf] x/]s b]zdf :jfr k;nx¿ 5g\ . of] :jfrsf] k|efjn] l:j; 38Lsf ljnfl;tfsf a|f08 nufot cGo ;a} l:j; 38Lsf a|f08x¿df dfusf] cfFwL g} ;[hgf ul/lbof] . ;+s6n] pTkGg u/]sf] pmhf{nfO{ cj;/df / ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgdf ¿kfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

;d:of ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmof

;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{ / gofF jf:tljstfsf] ;[hgf ug'{ pBdLsf] b}lgs hLjgsf] cË xf] . o;/L, p;n] p;nfO{ tTsfn} / k|efjsf/L 9Ën] 6]jf lbg] sfo{ z}nLnfO{ cjnDjg ug'{ g} kb{5 . tnsf gd"gfx¿ Psbd} ;fwf/0f 5g\ . t/ clwsf+z ;d:of ;dfwfg k|lqmofsf] lglDt ;'xfpFbf] 5g\ .

!= kl/l:ylt / ;d:ofx¿sf] j0f{g ug'{

xfdL ;d:ofx¿nfO{ zAbdf JoQm ub{5f}+ / ;Dej eP;Dd o;sf sf/0fx¿ / k|efjx¿sf] hfgsf/L lbFb} ljlzi6 agfpFb5f}F .

@= ;Defljt nIox¿

;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ePsf] b]Vgsf] nflu s] k"/f ul/g' kb{5 <

#= ljsNkx¿sf] ljsf; ug'{

Pp6} ;dfwfgaf6 xfdL lrQ a'emfpg] 5}gf+} . ;[hgfTds k|lqmofn] w]/} ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ Wofg lbG5f}+, h;df slDtdf klg Pp6f kfun ljrf/ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] xf];\ . csf]{ v'8\lsnf]df ljsNkx¿sf] hfFr / d"NofÍg ul/G5 .

$= hf]lvdx¿

xfdL ljljw ;dfwfgdf ufFl;Psf ;Defljt hf]lvdx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ub{5f}F .

%= sd dxTjk"0f{ cj:yfx¿

s'grflxF sd dxTjk"0f{ cj:yfx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg' knf{ < of] cj:yfdf xfdL jf:tljs ;d:ofsf] kl/lwnfO{ 5fl8lbG5f}F / /fhgLlts, jftfj/0f / ;~rf/ h:tf glhssf / km/flsnf ljifo j:t'x¿nfO{ klg Wofg lbG5f}+ .

^=sfof{Gjog

;aeGbf pQd ;DefjgfnfO{ 5gf]6 ul/;s]kl5 xfdL o;sf] sfof{GjognfO{ Jojl:yt ub{5f}+ . c;'/lIft cj:yfdf df}lns of]hgfn] sfd gu/]sf] v08df pknAw cfsl:ds of]hgf x'g' cy{k"0f{ x'G5 .

;d:of ;dfwfgsf] Jofks k|efj x'G5 . ;dfwfgsf] ;[hgf ugf{n] ;+nUg kIfx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg lbG5 / sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dfwfgsf pkfosf] gSsn / rf]/L ug'{dfeGbf a9L ;Gt'li6sf] efjgf hfu[t u/fOlbG5 .

;d:of ;dfwfgsf] Ifdtf

;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] JolQm ;fdflhs ¿kdf ;lqmo eP/ ;kmn pBdL aGgsf] nflu /fd|f];Fu tof/L ePsf] x'G5 . ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{sf] cy{ gofF w/ftn / gofF dfGotfx¿ ;[hgf ug'{ xf] . ;kmn ;d:of ;dfwfg b'O{j6f vDafx¿df lge{/ /x]sf] x'G5, ;f]rfO{ / tl/sf . b'j} l;Sg ;lsG5 / l;Sg' g} kb{5 . olb d}n] ;d:ofnfO{ 7'nf] cj/f]w / cgfjZos s'/fsf] ¿kdf b]Vb5' eg], d ;Dej eP;Dd ltgLx¿nfO{ kG5fpg] sf]l;; ub{5' . Tolt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg ;d:of Ho"Fsf To"F /lx/xG5 . s'g} laGb'df cfP/ ltgLx¿n] km]l/ dnfO{ kqmG5g\ / o:tf clwsf+z ;d:ofx¿ v/fa -b'ef{Uo lgDTofpg]_ ;dodf x'g] ub{5g\ . d cfˆgf] pBdzLntfsf] tflnddf ;d:ofnfO{ l;sfOsf] ljifoj:t'sf] ¿kdf lng] ub{5' / logLx¿n] cj;/x¿ NofpFb5g\ eg]/ b[li6sf]0f agfpF5' . ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] of]Uotf ePsf dflg;x¿sf] lglDt a]/f]huf/L eP/ a:g' nueu c;Dej x'G5 . ;+;f/ ;dfwfg gul/Psf ;d:ofx¿n] el/Psf] 5 . ha d;Fu Jofj;flos ¿kdf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ of]Uotfx¿ 5 eg] d}n] ca o;kl5 s] x'g'kb{5 eg]/ ;f]Rg' kb}{g . d ;fdfGo ¿kdf cfˆgf] tflndsf r/0fx¿ kf/ub}{ cl3 a9\5' . olb d}n] o;nfO{ af/Daf/ nfu" u/]F eg] dfly atfOPsf] gd"gfn] bIftftkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb5 . To;kl5 t ljz]if kl/l:yltcg';f/ cfk"mnfO{ 9fNg] sfo{ ;lhnf] aGb5 .

ha xfdL cfkm\g} ;d:ofx¿af6 ;'?jft ub{5f}F l;Sg] k|lqmof ;aeGbf ;lhnf] aGb5 . To;kl5 xfdLn] s'g} sfo{sf] ulDe/tf dx;'; ub{5f}F / To;kl5 ;Defljt ;dfwfgsf] sf/0f pTk|]l/t x'G5f}F . ;fdfhsf] nflu ;f]Rg] / sfo{ ug]{ pBdLx¿n] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf c¿x¿;Dd klg km}nfpF5g\ . pgLx¿sf] nIo k};f sdfpg' xf]Og t/ c¿sf] lxt ug'{ xf] . of] rflxF rf]l/sf] ljk/Lt s'/f xf] . o;/L c¿nfO{ klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ / pkof]lutf ;[hgf ug]{ bIftf ;~rf/ ug'{df k|z:t cflzif\ / ;Gt'li6 ldNb5 / o:tf afF8r'F8sf w]/} :j¿kx¿ 5g\ .

pBdLx¿sf] d]/f] ;d"xdf Pp6f lgod 5 h;n] ;a} ;fem]bf/x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] ;dosf] #)Ü ;do cToGt} Go"g z'Nsdf ;fdflhs kl/of]hgfx¿df nufgL ug]{ k|fjwfg u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] k|d'v nIo eg]sf] cNkljsl;t / pbLodfg /fi6«x¿df pBdLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] Joj;fo lgdf{0f ug{ / lj:tf/ ug{ ;xfotf lbg' xf] . o;n] jf:tljs ¿kdf b'j} kIfn] nfe x'g] cj:yflt/ pGd'v u/fpFb5 . xfdL pBdLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] Joj;fonfO{ l56f] / Jofj;flos tl/sfn] ljsf; ;Ifd t'NofpF5f}F . kl/0ffd :j¿k, pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] d'n'sdf sfdsf] cj;/ ;[hgf ub{5g\ / ul/aL lgjf/0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofpF5g\ . xfd|f k|lzIfs / k/fdz{bftfx¿ cfˆgf] ofqf ;s]/ 3/ kms{+bf pgLx¿ k"0f{ ¿kdf ylst t/ klg ulx/f] ¿kdf ;Gt'i6 ePsf x'G5g\ / pgLx¿df y'k|} gofF ljrf/ hlGdPsf x'G5g\ .

cjZo klg ;a} pBdLx¿nfO{ o;/L afF8r'F8 ug]{ cj;/ ldNb}g . t/ klg, afF8r'F8 ug]{ c¿ w]/} tl/sfx¿ klg 5g\ . ;a}eGbf ;fwf/0f t/ klg ;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L tl/sf eg]sf] 7"n} /sd lbP/ ;xfotf ug'{ xf] . d}n] leIff lbg] s'/f u/]sf] xf]Og . d}n] To:tf sDkgLx¿sf] af/]df s'/f ul//x]sf] 5' h;n] cfˆgf] d'gfkmfsf] 7"n} lx:;f ;fdfhdf of]ubfg k'Ug] u/L pknAw u/fpF5g\ . s]xL /sd rGbf / bfg lbP/ cfˆgf] ljj]snfO{ zfGt kfg{ rfxg]]x¿ k|foM cfk"mn] c;n sfd u/]sf] 5' egL wSs' nufpg] JolQm aGg k'U5g\ . t/ c¿x¿sf] lglDt ;fFrf] ¿kdf of]ubfg lbg OR5's x'g] ;fdflhs ¿kdf ;lqmo pBdLx¿ ;do;Fu;Fu} cem} gd| x'Fb} hfG5g\ . ;Dejt pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] Jojxf/ k/d]Zj/sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ 5 eGg] a'‰5g\ .

cWofo *

cf - hsf] xfd|f] k':tf;Fu o;eGbf cl3 slxNo} klg pknAw gePsf pRr k|ljlwo'Qm ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿ k|z:t dfqdf 5g\ . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg, JolQm–JolQm aLrsf] ;~rf/df ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g . a? o;sf] ljk/Lt, ;txL ¿kdf ;~rf/ ug{ / cK7]/f dflg;x¿ / ljifox¿af6 klG5g ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . c;n ;~rf/ ;Totfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . slxn]sxLFF ;To s'/f krfpg sl7g x'G5 . ;txL s'/f ug'{ / cw{;Totfd} clNemg' ;lhnf] x'G5 / slxn]sxLFF t s]xL ;dosf] nflu of] a9L nfebfoL x'G5 . cf7fF} cf1fn] o:tf cw{;Totfsf] nflu s'g} 7fpF lbFb}g . o;n] eGb5M æltdLn] em'6f] ujfxL glbg" .Æ of] cf1fn] ;a} c;n ;~rf/sf] lglDt / o;/L s'g} klg c;n ;DaGwsf] lglDt hu a;fN5 . o;af6 bfofFafofF ePdf gsf/fTds kl/0ffd pTkGg x'G5 .

;~rf/sf] hu— e/f];f

d]/f] sfdsf] a9Ldf !)Ü hlt c+z dfq lnlvt ¿kdf x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . clwsf+z ;dodf kmf]gaf6 ul/g] ;xdlt cyjf e]6]/ xft ldnfpg' g} xfd|f] ;Demf}tfsf] afWosf/L cfwf/ aG5 . d]/f] sDkgLn] oxL z}nLnfO{ aL; jif{;Dd k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . d}n clxn];Dd slxNo} klg cbfntdf hfg'kg]{ u/L ljjfbsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf] 5}g . lsg < e/f];fsf] jftfj/0f rflxF d]/f] Jofj;flos ;DaGwsf] hu xf] . ;w}FF o:t} x'G5 eGg] 5}g . w]/} pBdLx¿;Fu o;sf] 7Ls ljk/Lt cg'ej 5 .

/f]dflgofsf] cf]/flbofdf ePsf] lu|lkmY; :s'n ce Dofg]hd]G6df l;sfpg] qmddf d}n] Tof] b]zdf ePsf] oyfy{;Fu ;fdgf u/]sf] lyPF . d}n] ljBfyL{x¿ Psbd} /L; p7fpg] vfnsf x'Fbf/x]5g\ eGg] s'/f l;s]F, h:t} ls ToxfFsf] Joj;fo ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{ af]ubfg . Jofj;flos sf/f]af/af/]] 5nkmnsf] tf}/tl/sfsf] af/]df ePsf] Pp6f uf]i7Ldf d}n] b'j} kIfnfO{ nfe x'g] kl/l:yltsf] kmfObfsf] af/]df a'emfpg ;Sbf] k|of; ul//x]sf] lyPF . o:tf] sf/f]af/sf] 5nkmndf s;}nfO{ xflg x'g} ;Sb}g, t/ b'j} kIfnfO{ nfe g} x'G5 . t/ d}n] p;nfO{ of] s'/f a'emfpg} ;lsg . eb| t/ lgw{Ss z}nLdf af]ubfgn] dnfO{ atfP ls d}n] eg]h:tf] Jojxf/n] /f]dflgofdf slxNo} sfd ub}{g lyof] . g t of] /f]dflgofsf] ;+:s[lt g} lyof] g t of] Jojxfl/s ¿kdf g} pko'Qm lyof] . To;kl5 xfdLn] /f]dflgofdf ljBdfg cljZjf;sf] ;+:s[ltn] kf/]sf] c;/x¿sf af/]df 5nkmn u¥of}F . /f]dflgofsf] cfly{s cj:yf bogLo x'g'sf cGo w]/} sf/0fx¿ dWo]df Oiof{ / cljZjf; klg lyP . xfd|f] Tof] 5nkmnsf] lgisif{n] ;a}nfO{ 7'nf] k|efj kf¥of] . ljBfyL{n] a'em] ls To:tf] cljZjf;sf] cj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug'{ / e/f];f j[l4 ug'{ w]/} a'l4dfgLk"0f{ s'/f xf] . t/ of] s;/L x'g ;S5 t < s;} g s;}n] of] kl/jt{gsf] ;'?jft ug'{ kb{5 . æolb hjfg Jofj;flos ljBfyL{n] ub}{gg\ eg] c¿ s;n] unf{ t <Æ d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ k|Zg u/]F . o;n] ;a} hgf pT;fxL ag], af]ubfg afx]s ;a}hgf . æTo:tf] kl/jt{g Nofpg t Pp6f k':t} laTg' kb{5,Æ p;n] bfaL u¥of] . æ7Ls 5, To;f] eP tkfO{++sf] k':tfrflxF df];fsf] k':tfh:t} x'g]5,Æ d}n] klg nuQ} yk]F . ætkfO{++x¿ cfkm}F rflxF k|lt1fsf] e"lddf k'Ug'x'g] 5}g, t/ tkfO{++n] cfpFbf] k':tfsf] lglDt ToxfF k'Ug] af6f] tof/ kfl/lbg'x'g]5 . OR5f ul/Psf] kl/j{tgnfO{ sfn]a h:tf dflg;x¿n] sfof{Gjog ug]{5g\ .Æ Tof] O;fO{ ljZjljBfnosf ;a} ljBfyL{x¿ afOandf ePsf] df]zf / sfn]asf] Tof] syf;Fu kl/lrt lyP . 7Ls ;od cfPkl5, k/d]Zj/sf] ;xfotfåf/f s'g} klg s'/f c;Dej x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f pgLx¿n] l;s]sf lyP . sfn]a To:tf dflg; lyP h;n] afwfx¿df xf]Og t/ k/d]Zj/sf k|lt1fx¿df Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf lyP . sl7g sfo{ klg pgsf] lglDt ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg] s'/f x'GYof] . ca t af]ubfgn] klg ;xdlt hgfP . t/ pgsf] 5]pdf /x]sL s]6L rflxF ;xdt ePsL lyOgg\ . 5nkmnsf] qmddf, pgnfO{ emg\emg\ c;xh nfUb} lyof] . ca ltgn] cfkm}FnfO{ ;DxfNg ;lsgg\ / cfˆgf] dgsf] s'/f o;/L kf]vfOg\Ù æxf]Og, xfdL df]zf h:tf] xf]Og, t/ sfn]a h:tf] aGg rfxG5f}F . xfdLn] e/f];fsf] gjLg l;4fGt a'em\of}F / xfdL o;nfO{ clxNo} cEof; ug{ rfxG5f}F .Æ o;/L ljBfyL{x¿n] 7'nf] xf};nf lbg ;S5g\ . ltgsf] egfOn] df]zfsf] sfo{nfO{ slQ klg cjd"Nog u/]sf] xf]Og . ;du|df, df]zfsf sfo{ sfn]asf sfo{x¿ eGbf w]/} dxfg\ lyP . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg of] s'/f sfo{x¿sf] d"NofÍgsf] af/]df lyPg . of] t k|lt1ftkm{ pGd'v sfn]asf] h:tf] dfgl;stf u|x0f ug]{ af/]df lyof] .

e/f];f :yflkt ug{ ;do / w]/} k|oTg cfjZo k5{ . t/ o:tf] e/f];f If0f e/d} gi6 x'g ;S5 . o;sf] lglDt Pp6} em'6 sfkmL 5 . / To;/L e/f];f u'dfPkl5 km]l/ lgdf{0f ug{ c;Dejh:t} x'G5 . Joj;fo ug]{ w]/} dflg;x¿n] ;TotfnfO{ xn'sf ¿kdf / cfˆgf] ;xhtfcg';f/ tf]8df]8 u5{g\ . kl/l:yltcg';f/ pgLx¿n] ;"rgf n'sfpg] jf sfNklgs s'/f ykyfk ug]{ sfd u5{g\ . To:tf] s'/fnfO{ pgLx¿n] em'6sf] ¿kdf lnFb}gg\ . t/ Tof] em'6 g} xf] . em'6 gaf]Ng' egL bz cf1fdf k/d]Zj/n] xfdLnfO{ r]tfpgL lbg'x'Fbf pxfF ;xL x'g'x'G5 . lsgls em'6n] cjZog} c;/ u5{ . s]xLn] em'6åf/f 5f]6f] ;dosf] lglDt ;kmntf kfpg ;Snfg\ . tyflk, o;n] ;DaGwnfO{ gi6 u5{ / cGTodf ;a}nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpF5 .

pBdLx¿sf] lglDt ;DaGw / ;fem]bf/L lgdf{0f ug'{ k|d'v sfo{ xf] . o;sf/0f, pm e/f];f lgdf{0f ug{ / sfod /fVg ;Ifd x'g'k5{ . clg To;f] ug{sf nflu ;~rf/ g} d'Vo ;fwg xf] . sltkon] ;~rf/nfO{ unt a'emfOsf] lj1fg klg eGb5g\ . clg xf] klg . ;~rf/df k7fOPsf] ;Gb]zn] OlR5t cy{ lbg] s'/feGbf csf]{ kIfn] To;nfO{ unt ¿kdf a'em\g] ;Defjgf clws x'G5 . unt a'emfOnfO{ cw{–;To jf em'6sf] ¿kdf cy{ nufpg] k|j[lQ x'G5 .

;~rf/sf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug'{

s] tkfO+{ cfˆgf] ;~rf/sf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg rfxg'x'G5 < To;f] xf] eg] oL lgodx¿n] tkfO{++nfO{ ;xfotf ug]{5g\ M

!= d]/f] ;~rf/sf] u'0f:t/ c¿ dflg;x¿sf] Jojxf/df k|ltlalDat x'G5

;~rf/n] kf/]sf] k|efjrflxF d'Vo s'/f xf] . sltko kl/l:yltx¿df o:tf] k|efjnfO{ ;lhn} dfkg ug{ ;lsG5 . s] u|fxsn] daf6 ;fdfg lsGof] t < To;f] xf] eg], :ki6 5, d}n] p;nfO{ ljZjf; lbnfPsf] /x]F5' . tyflk, Tof] klg Ps e|d x'g ;S5 . k|foM xfdL o:tf] pbfx/0f sf/ ljqm]tfdf kfpF5fF} < clwsf+z sf/ ljqm]tfx¿ jf:tljs ¿kdf ljqm]tfx¿ x'Fb}gg\ . jf:tljs ljqm]tfx¿ t sf/x¿ :jo+ g} x'g\ . clwsf+z ;dodf ljqm]tfn] yf]/} dfq e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 . pTkflbt j:t' :jo+ g} ljqm]tf xf], Tof] sf/sf] cfˆg} ljz]iftfsf] sf/0f . clwsf+z sf/sf dflnsx¿ cfˆgf] a|f08k|lt cTolws dfqfdf akmfbf/ x'g] ub{5g\ . cyjf pQm sf/sf] ljlzi6 u'0f g} lg0ff{os tTj ag]sf] x'G5 . ljqmL k|lqmofdf slyt ljqm]tfn] lj/n} dfq u|fxsnfO{ pkof]lutf yKg] sfd ub{5 . sf/sf] u'0f:t/Lotfsf] sf/0f cfkm}F ljqmL ePsf] s''/fnfO{ ljqm]tfn] cfˆgf] Ifdtfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ xf] egL ljZjf; ub{5 eg], p;n] cfkm}FnfO{ e|ddf /fv]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf p;n] cfkm}FnfO{ k'm6]sf], cfs[lt ab\lnlbg] cyjf w'ldnf] P]gfdf x]/]sf] x'G5 / cfk"m af/]sf] o:tf] e|ddf dVv k/]sf] x'G5 .

o:tf] cfTd–e|dsf] l;sf/ aGgaf6 aRgsf] nflu xfdL ;a}nfO{ Pp6f P]gfsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . o:tf] P]gf lbuf] k|sf/sf] x'g'k5{ . o;n] xfd|f k|z+;gLo kIfsf ;fy;fy} ;d:ofu|:t kIfnfO{ klg b]vfpg' k5{ . of] P]gfn] s'n ljqmLsf] tYofÍ cyjf JolQmut ¿kdf lbOg] k|ltlqmof h:tf 7f]; tYox¿sf] :j¿k lng ;Sb5 . t/ o;sf nflu, cfnf]rgf ;xg ;Sg' k5{ .

yf]/} dflg;x¿df dfq} of] Ifdtf x'G5 . clwsf+z dflg;x¿n] c¿x¿n] cfk"mnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] rfxG5g\ . lgZro g}, slxn]sxLFF xfdLnfO{ c¿x¿sf] :jLs[lt / sb/sf] vfFrf] kb{5 . slxn]sxLFF xfdLn] cfnf]rgfx¿sf] klg ;fdgf ug{'k5{ . bL3{sfndf o;n] xfdLnfO{ ;xfotf ug]{5 . d}n] ug]{ ;~rf/sf] tl/sfsf] af/]df dnfO{ Odfgbf/ k|ltlqmof lbg] sf]xL JolQm d]/f] hLjgdf 5 < olb 5}g eg], lsg 5}g t <

@= ;~rf/sf] u'0f:t/sf] lglDt d]/f dfux¿

ha d sDKo'6/ j}1flgsx¿sf] k]zfut ;d"xsf] af/]df ljrf/ u5{', d ;w}FF 5Ss kg{] ub{5' . d pgLx¿nfO{ dg k/fpF5' / dnfO{ pgLx¿sf] vfFrf] 5 . w]/} k6s pgLx¿n] dnfO{ sDKo'6/n] sfd gubf{ pTkGg x'g] lbSbf/Laf6 d'Qm u/]sf 5g\ . x/]s lbg pgLx¿n] ;~rf/sf] ;a}eGbf ljsl;t ;fwg rnfpF5g\ . tyflk pgLx¿n] /fd|/L ;~rf/ ub}{gg\ . pgLx¿n] sDKo'6/ t dd{t unf{g\ t/ To;df s] unt ePsf] lyof] eg]/ rflxF a'emfpFb}gg\ . u|fxsx¿sf] k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm lbg klg pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} sl7g x'G5 . olb sDKo'6/n] ;xL 9Ën] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 eg] ;a} 7Ls} 5 lg t . pgLx¿sf] ;~rf/ u'0f:t/ olQ g} xf], / of] kof{Kt 5}g . ;~rf/sf] cy{ ;w}FF bf]xf]/f] jftf{nfk xf] . o;sf] nIo kl/l:yltx¿nfO{ :ki6 agfpg' / dfgjLo ;DaGwnfO{ k|efj kfg'{ xf] . d]/f] ;~rf/åf/f d s] k|fKt ePsf] rfxG5' < / d}n] oyfy{df s] k|fKt u/]F t <

#= ;~rf/sf rf/j6f dfWod / rf/j6f sfgx¿

w]/} jif{ cufl8 ;~rf/ cg';Gwfgstf{ yf]d; uf]8{gn] ;~rf/sf c;/x¿sf af/]df cGj]if0f u/] clg xfdLn] c¿nfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] rf/j6f dfWod klxrfg u/] . xfd|f] ;Gb]zsf] ljifo j:t'n] ;~rf/df &Ü dfq k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . t/ af]nLn] lgSs} g} a9L @#Ü ;Dd k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . t/ cg'xf/sf] efjn] #%Ü / zf/Ll/s xfpefpn] klg #%Ü k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ s] xf] t < af]Ng] snf ePsf] JolQmn] cy{xLg\ s'/fnfO{ ;d]t k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;~rf/ ug{ ;Sb5 . t/ Tof] cg}lts x'G5 / d]/f] b[li6sf]0f;Fu d]n vfFb}g . d ljZjf; ub{5' xfd|f] ;Gb]zdf ;Totf x'g'kb{5 / ;Sbf] k|efjsf/L 9Ën] To;nfO{ JoQm ug'{ kb{5 . 7Ls To:tf] k|sf/n] ;Gb]z JoQm ug{ ;Sg] yf]/} dfq x'G5g\ . t/ klg of] l;Sg ;lsG5 . s] d of] l;Sg rfxG5' <

cfˆgf] rf/–sfg] gd"gfnfO{ k|of]u ub}{ dgf]j}1flgs lk|m8dg z'Nh ef]g ygn] ;~rf/sf yk cfofdx¿ kQf nufPsf 5g\ / /fd|f];Fu ;~rf/ ug{ slt sl7g 5 eGg] s'/f k|i6ØfPsf 5g\ . pgsf] gd"gfn] of] hl6n ljifonfO{ cem /fd|/L a'em\g ;xfotf k'¥ofpF5, lsgls o;n] cem} a9L k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rf/ ug{ k|]/0ff lbG5 . z'Nh ef]g ygn] b]vfPsf 5g\ ls xfdLn] k7fpg] jf k|fKt ug]{ ;Gb]zdf rf/j6f cfofdx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\M

s_ tYok/s hfgsf/L -d}n] s]sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbFb}5'_M of] tYofÍ, tYox¿ / kl/l:yltx¿sf] af/]df x'G5 . s] Tof] ;Gb]z ;To 5 < s] Tof] ;fGble{s 5 < s] of] k"0f{ 5 <

v_ ;DaGw;"rs -d tkfO{++sf] af/]df s] ;f]R5' / tkfO{++;Fu d]/f] s] ;DaGw 5 _M d}n] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ s;/L x]b{5' / p;sf] af/]df s] ;f]Rb5' eGg] af/]df oL ;"rsx¿ x'g\ . pQm JolQmn] d;Fu s'g} ljz]if tl/sfn] af]Nbf d s:tf] dx;'; u5{' < p;n] d]/f] af/]df s] ;f]R5 <

u_ cfkm}FnfO{ v'n:t agfpg] -d}n] cfˆg} af/]df s] k|s6 u5{'_

dleq s] eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] af/]df oL ;"rsx¿ x'g\ . d]/f d"No–dfGotfx¿ s] x'g\ < d}n] cfˆgf] e"ldsfnfO{ s;/L a'em]sf] 5' < o;nfO{ lnP/ csf]{ JolQmn] s] JoQm ug{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 <

3_ Wo]o -d tkfO{++af6 s] k|fKt ug{ rfxG5' < _

of] k|efjsf] af/]df ;DalGwt 5 . d c¿ JolQmaf6 s] s'/f k|fKt ug{ rfxG5' < To;df s'grflxF OR5fx¿, cg'/f]wx¿, ;'emfjx¿ / cfr/0fsf lgb]{zgx¿ ;+nUg ePsf 5g\ < d}n] s] ug'{ kb{5 <

;~rf/ lsg olt w]/} sl7g 5 eGg] s'/f a9\bf] dfqdf :ki6 x'G5 . lsg olt w]/} unt a'emfOx¿ 5g\ eGg] s'/f klg :ki6 x'G5 . of] ;fdfGo xf] . clwsf+z ;dodf, b'O{ hgf JolQmn] Ps–csf{nfO{ ga'em\bf o:tf] l:ylt pTkGg x'G5 . ;d:of v/fa lgotsf] xf]Og . c¿x¿;Fu ;~rf/ ubf{ xfdL ;w}FF ;sf/fTds wf/0ff agfpFm . clg z'Nh ef]gygn] kQf nufPsf s'/fsf] cfwf/df JoQm ul/Psf] ;Gb]zsf] hfFr ug]{ cfbt ljsf; u/fF} / cfjZos k/]df unt c;demfbf/LnfO{ x6fcfF} . o;/L c;demfbf/Lsf] lemNsf]nfO{ cfuf] aGg'cl3 g} lgefpg ;lsG5 . o;sf] lglDt ;dfg'e"lt rflxG5 / :ki6Ls/0fsf] lglDt c¿ a9L k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg' kg]{ x'G5 h:t} lsM tkfO{++n] dnfO{ s;/L a'em\g' ePsf] lyof] < s] d}n] tkfO{++nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] a'em]F <

$= ;~rf/df uNtLsf ;|f]tx¿nfO{ 5fGg'

;~rf/nfO{ unt a'emfOsf] lj1fg eGg'sf] k5fl8 Pp6f sf/0f 5 . k7fpg]sf] tkm{af6 ;fy} k|fKt ug]{sf] tkm{af6 klg uNtL x'g ;Sg] w]/} ;Defjgfx¿ x'G5g\, clg xfdLn] ev{/} rrf{ u/] h:t} oL uNtLx¿n] c;demfbf/Ldf k'¥ofpg ;S5g\ . ljleGg k|sf/sf] a'emfO klg ;~rf/ c;kmn x'g'sf] csf]{ sf/0f xf] . o:tf] a'emfO cg'ej, lzIff, kfngkf]if0f cyjf g}lts d"No–dfGotfsf] dfkb08cg';f/ km/s–km/s x'g ;S5 . c;n ;~rf/n] ;j{k|yd s'g} klg ;Gb]z k|jfx ug'{eGbf klxn] ;Gb]z k7fpg] / k|fKt ug]{sf aLrdf Ps;dfg a'emfOsf] :t/ :yflkt u5{ . of] k|fylds sfo{ ;fy{s x'G5 . unt a'emfOsf] sf/0f w]/} åGå hGdG5g\ . o:tf unt a'emfO lg/fs/0f ul/;s]kl5 k|foM ;dfwfg ;Dej aGb5 . clg o:tf] Ps;dfg a'emfOsf] :t/ s;/L kQf nufOG5 t < k|Zgx¿ ;f]w]/, Wofg lbP/ ;'g]/ / c¿x¿sf] cfzodf ?lr lnP/ . ;o lbgsf] lgod elgg] Pp6f lgod 5 . gofF sfof{nodf sfd ;'? ubf{, gofF JolQmn] Ps ;o lbg;Dd r'krfk nfUg' k5{ / Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg' k5{ . of] lgod s8f 5 t/ of] cy{k"0f{ . o;n] sfd u5{ . o;n] cfwf/e"t cfzox¿, ?lrx¿, ljrf/sf k|lqmofx¿ / OR5fx¿ k|s6 ul/lbG5 . of] rflxF yk lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu hu g} xf] .

%= JolQmTjcg';f/ cg's"n agfOPsf] ;~rf/

leGg–leGg JolQmTjx¿n] leGg–leGg tl/sfn] ;~rf/ ub{5g\, rfx] Tof] k7fpg]jfnf xf];\ jf kfpg]jfnf . tkfO{++ ;~rf/ z}nLsf] s'g rflxF ;d"xdf kg'{x'G5 <

k|e'TjjfbL JolQmTj ePsf JolQmx¿df :ki6 ¿kdf ;~rf/ ug]{ k|j[lQ x'G5Ù pgLx¿ b[9 / cfˆg} s'/fdf hf]8 lbg] x'G5g\ . k|foh;f] pgLx¿n] c¿sf] s'/f ;'Gb}gg\ . pgLx¿ hlt;Sbf] l5§f] cfˆgf] nIodf k'Ug rfxG5g\ .

o:tf JolQmn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fM efjgfx¿ klg tYox¿ x'g\ eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ ug'{xf];\ . dflg;x¿ / pgLx¿sf efjgfnfO{ cem} a9L uDeL/ ¿kdf lng'xf];\ . Odfgbf/ k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

k"j{;lqmo JolQmTj x'g] JolQmx¿;Fu ax'¿kL ;~rf/sf] z}nLdf hf]lznf], pTk|]/0ff hufpg] / efjgfTds x'g] k|j[lQ x'G5 . w]/} h;f] pgLx¿ klg c¿sf s'/f ;'Ggdf sdhf]/ x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ cfkmF}n] af]n]sf] ;'Gg dg k/fpF5g\ .

o:tf JolQmn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fM c¿x¿;Fu klg ljrf/ / cg'ej x'G5 eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ ug'{xf];\ . c¿ dflg;x¿sf] cg'ejsf] af/]df ;f]Wg'xf];\ / pgLx¿k|lt ?lr b]vfpg'xf];\ . cfˆgf] egfOnfO{ tYox¿;lxt k|dfl0ft ug'{xf];\ . oyfl:yltjfbL JolQmTj x'g] dflg;x¿df c¿ dflg;x¿k|lt rf;f] /fVg], s'/fsfgL ug]{ / c¿;Fu ldnfkdf /xg] k|j[lQ x'G5 . pgLx¿ åGå gxf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\, clg kl/jt{g x'g' eGbf si6 ef]Ug tof/ x'G5g\ .

o:tf JolQmn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fM clt w]/} ldnfkdf /xg' vt/gfs x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/fdf ;r]t x''g'xf];\ . ;fdgf ug{] ;fx; ljsf; ug'{xf];\ . ;xL ;dodf æx'Fb}gÆ klg eGg l;Sg'xf];\ .

;Dj]bgzLn JolQmTj ePsf dflg;x¿df Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg], ljj/0fx¿df Wofg lbg] / :ki6 JoQm gul/Psf cfzonfO{ a'em\g vf]Hg] k|j[lt x'G5 . k|foM pgLx¿n] tYox¿nfO{ / ljz]if u/]/ efjgfx¿nfO{ unt tl/sfn] JofVof u5{g\, pgLx¿ zfGt x'G5g\ .

o:tf JolQmn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fM cfˆgf] lgoldt sfd 5f]8]/ v8f x'g'xf];\, c¿ dflg;x¿;Fu s'/fsfgL ug'{xf];\ . JolQmut ¿kdf / kmf]gåf/f ;Djfb ug'{xf];\ . c¿;Fu JolQmut ¿kdf af]n]kl5 dfq} lj/n} dfqfdf P;PdP; / Od]nsf] k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .

^= ;~rf/ / ;"rgf

;~rf/ / ;"rgf Pp6} s'/f xf]Ogg\ . tkfO{++n] dflg;x¿nfO{ ;"rgf lbg ;Sg'x'G5, t/ ;~rf/dfrflxF xfdL pgLx¿nfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5f}F . b'j} cfjZos 5g\ . xfdL o:tf] o'udf 5f}F hxfF hfgsf/L k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5 . s]xL jif{df o:tf] hfgsf/Lsf] dfqf b'O{u'0ffn] al9/x]sf] 5 . cfw'lgs ;~rf/ dfWodn] o:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;xh agfOlbPsf] 5 . tyflk, clwsf+z dfqdf o:tf ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lx¿ cgfjZos, xflgsf/s jf unt x'G5g\ . ;dfhdf lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ dflg;x¿ ePsf] gftfn] pBdLx¿;Fu cTolws dfqfdf k|fKt o:tf] hfgsf/LdWo]af6 ;xL / dxTjk"0f{nfO{ 5gf]6 ug{ ;Sg] ljlw / Ifdtf x'g'k5{ . ;aeGbf ;lhnf] tl/sf eg]sf] hfgsf/Lsf r'lgPsf / c;n ;|f]tx¿df dfq} Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{ xf] . s] o:tf] ;|f]t ljZj;gLo 5 < ltgLx¿sf] clek|fo s] xf] < s] of] lj:t[t 5 < s] o;n] ;Totf atfpF5 <

;~rf/ eg]sf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf Ps kIfaf6 csf]{ kIf;Dd hfgsf/L k'¥ofpg' xf] . xfdL s]xL s'/fnfO{ k|efj kfg{sf] lglDt ;~rf/ u5f}{+ . of] ;Gbe{df tLgj6f rfNgf -5fGg] ;fwg_ sf] syf pkof]uL x'g ;S5 .

Ps lbg Pshgf ldq bf}8\b} u|Ls bfz{lgs ;'s/ft sxfF cfP .

æ;'Gg'xf];, ;'s/ft, d}n] tkfO{++nfO{ eGg' g} kb{5 ls s;/L tkfO{++sf ldq ===Æ

ækvÆ bfz{lgsn] aLr}df /f]s] .

æs] ltdLn] dnfO{ eGg rfx]sf] s'/f tLgj6f rfNgfaf6 5fGof} <Æ

ætLgj6f rfNgf < s'g–s'g <Æ, tL JolQmn] 5Ss kb}{ ;f]w] .

æxf], tLgj6f rfNgf Û klxnf] rfNgf ;Totfsf] rfNgf xf] . ltdLn] dnfO{ eGg rfx]sf] s'/f ;fFrf] xf] ls xf]Og eg]/ ltdLn] hfFRof} <Æ

æ5}g, d}n] s;}n] of] s'/f eg]sf] ;'g]F /===Æ

æ7Ls} 5 To;f] eP kSs} klg ltdLn] o;nfO{ bf];|f] rfNgf af6 rfNof} xf]nf, h'g rflxF enfOsf] rfNgf xf] . of] ;fFrf] eP jf geP tfklg, slDtdf klg s]] ltdLn] dnfO{ eGg rfx]sf] s'/f c;n 5 t < Tof] JolQm lxlRsrfof] .

æxf]Og, of] jf:tjdf c;n 5}g . a? of]===Æ

;'s/ftn] pgnfO{ aLrdf /f]Sb} eg], æTo;f] eP xfdL t];|f] rfNgfnfO{ k|of]u u/f}F . h'g s'/f eGg ltdL olt w]/} hf]lzP/ cfPsf 5f}, s] Tof] s'/f dnfO{ eGg' cfjZos 5 t egL ljrf/ u/f}F .Æ

æof] 7ofSs} cfjZos t 5}g t/===Æ

tL a'l4dfg dflg;n] d':s'/fpFb} eg], æolb ltdLn] dnfO{ eGg rfx]sf] s'/f g t ;To 5, g c;n 5, g cfjZos g} 5 eg], of] hxfF lyof] o;nfO{ ToxLF 5f]l8lbcf}F clg ltdL cfkm}FnfO{ / dnfO{ klg of] af]em gaf]sfpm .Æ

&= sl7g kl/l:yltx¿df ;~rf/

xfd|L 5f]/L clG8«of gf} jif{sL x'Fbfv]l/ g} pgn] hLjgsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ kf7 a'lem;s]sL lyOg\ . slxn] sxLFF pgL cfk"meGbf b'O{ jif{ h]7L lbbL;Fu emu8f ub{lyg\ / Tof] ;fdfGo} lyof] . tyflk, pgn] h'g tl/sfn] ljZjJofkL ¿kdf pko'Qm åGå ;dfwfgsf] pkfosf] vf]hL u/]sL lyOg\, Tof] rflxF Psbd} c;fwf/0f lyof] .

Ps lbg d}n] pgn] n]v]sf] l6kf]6 e]§fPF h'g leQfdf 6fF;]/ /flvPsf] lyof] . d}n] o;nfO{ crlDdt x'Fb} k9]F . pgsf] cg'dlt lnP/ d Tof] l6kf]6 oxfF bf]xf]¥ofpFb} 5'M

æs;/L zflGt sfod ug{ ;lsG5 <Æ

;j{k|yd tkfO{++n] of] sfd ug{ rfxg} k5{ . of] laGb';Dd tkfO{++n] cem} klg cfk"mn] eGg rfx]sf ;a} g/fd|f s'/fx¿ eGg ;Sg'x'G5 . To;kl5 tkfO{++n] csf]{ JolQm;Fu xft ldnfpg'x'G5 clg To;kl5 s'g} g/fd|f] s'/f af]Ng' x'Fb}g . To;kl5 tkfO{++ Tof] csf]{ JolQm;Fu eb| aGg'x'G5 clg o:tf] g/fd|f] s]xL klg ePsf] lyPg eg]h:tf] u/L /fd|f] Jojxf/ ug'{x'G5 .Æ

olb xfdLn] gf} jif{sL oL aflnsfsf] cGt{1fgnfO{ xfjf{8 ljZjljBfnosf k|Voft k|fWofksx¿n] kQf nufPsf s'/f;Fu t'ngf ug]{ xf] eg], xfdLn] oL b'O{sf aLrdf cfZro{hgs ;dfgtfx¿ b]Vg]5f}F . clG8«ofn] rf/j6f r/0fsf] j0f{g u/]sL l5g\M

!_ ;j{k|yd, zflGt :yfkgfsf] nflu pQm JolQm OR5's x'g}k5{ . sl7g kl/l:yltx¿df ;a} kIfn] ;dfwfgsf] cfjZostf a'‰g} k5{ . slxn]sxLFF csf]{ JolQmn] klg åGå ;dfwfgsf] lglDt kxn ug'{kg]{ cfjZotf dx;'; u/]kl5 dfq} zflGt :yfkgf ;Dej x'G5 .

@_ To;kl5 xfdLn] d'2fnfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} 6]a'ndf /fVg' k5{ . ;a} s'/f . s]xL gn'sfOsg . lgZro g} xfdL ;Eo / cfb/k"j{s z}nLdf k|:t't x'g'k5{ t/ c:ki6 x'g' x'Fb}g . csf]{ JolQmn] s:tf] dx;'; ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}n] yfxf kfpg'k5{ . ;a}sf] rfxgf / cfzo ;a}sxfF k|s6 u/fpg] of] Pp6} dfq tl/sf xf] . cGTodf o:tf] hfgsf/Ln] ;dfwfgsf] dfu{tkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb5 . #_ ca xfdL ;dfwfgx¿ vf]Hg] r/0fdf k|j]z ub{5f}F . oxfF xfdL eljiotk{m x]b{5f}F .

$_ To;kl5 ;a} kIfn] åGånfO{ ;dfKt ub{5g\ / ;Fu} lhpgsf] nflu gofF dfkb08df ;xdlt hgfpF5g\ .

;~rf/ sl7g x'G5 / o;nfO{ l;Sg ;lsG5 . of] cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/f a'‰g} k5{ . JolQmTj ljsf;sf w]/} kIfx¿ h:t}, 1fg k|fKt u/]/ dfq} ;~rf/sf] snf l;Sg ;lsGg . Pp6f lglZrt nIodf k'Ugsf] nflu ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s sbdx¿ rfNg' k5{ .

k|efjsf/L 9Ën] tflnd lngsf] nflu tn tLg r/0fsf gd"gfx¿ 5g\M

!= d}n] k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;~rf/ ug'{sf] zlQm a'em]sf] 5' / d}n] cfˆg} ;DefJotfnfO{ klg a'em]sf] 5' .

d cfˆg} / d]/f glhssf dflg;x¿sf] ;~rf/ z}nLsf] cjnf]sg ub{5' . d ;~rf/sf /fd|f / g/fd|f pbfx/0fx¿ Wofg lbG5' . d dflysf gd"gfx¿ k|of]u ub}{ o:tf Jojxf/nfO{ k|of]u ub}{ a'em\g] / cy{ nufpg] k|of; ub{5' . clg To;sf] cfwf/df lgisif{ lgsfNb5' .

@_ d c¿af6 ;Nnfx, ;'emfj / k|ltlqmof lnG5' / cfnf]rgf :jLsf/ ub{5' . bf];|f] r/0f w]/} k|efjsf/L / r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . d d]/f] ;~rf/ z}nLsf] af/]df cfˆgf] jl/kl/af6, ldqx¿af6 k|ltlqmofx¿ u|x0f u5{' . d cfˆg} s'/f k'li6 ug{ k|oTg ulb{gF, t/ cfnf]rgfnfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lnG5' / To;df dgg\ u5{' .

#_ d cfkm}FnfO{ ;wfpF5' / d"NofÍg u5'{ .

;~rf/ ug{sf] nflu d x/]s cj;/sf] ;b'kof]u ub{5' . d ;Gb]z ;'gfpgdf dfq s]lGb|t x'GgF, t/ d k|Zgx¿, ;xL k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg] ub{5' . d c¿x¿sf] b[li6sf]0f / ;/f]sf/df ;fFRr} rf;f] /fVb5' . cfˆgf ljrf/x¿ kl/kSj geP;Dd d zfGt /xG5' . clg d cfkmF}nfO{ k|Zg u5{'M s] Tof] ;Djfb nfebfoL lyof] < s] Tof] cfjZos lyof] < To;n] s] pknlAw u¥of] .

cWofo (

/ 0fgLlts ;fem]bf/L lgdf{0f ug'{ / o;nfO{ ljsf; ug'{ ahf/Ls/0fsf pTs[i6 cf}hf/x¿ x'g\, ljz]if u/]/ kl/kSj ahf/sf lglDt . w]/} jif{ nufP/ :yflkt ePsf ;+:yfx¿sf nflu ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff sl7g x'g] ub{5 . ;fem]bf/L ubf{ pgLx¿ cfˆgf] oyfl:ylt vt/fdf k5{ eGg] 7fG5g\ / s]xL gofF s'/f ;'? ug{ 8/fpF5g\ . pgLx¿;Fu ;fem]bf/Lsf] s'g} cg'ej x'Fb}g / ;fem]bf/LnfO{ hf]lvdsf] ¿kdf lnG5g\ . pgLx¿ k"0f{ ¿kdf unt gx'g klg ;S5g\ . ;fem]bf/L ;w}FF hf]lvdo'Qm x'g] ub{5 . ;fem]bf/Ldf ;w}FF lbg] / lng] s'/f ;dfj]z ePsf] x'G5 . PskIfLo ;fem]bf/Ln] cjZo g} c;kmntftkm{ 8f]¥ofpF5 . æltdLn] cfˆgf] l5d]sLsf] >LdtLsf] nfnr gug"{Æ eGg] gjf}F cf1fn] of] ljifonfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ub{5 . of] ljifon] ;fem]bf/L / ;Ldfx¿sf] af/]df klg af]Nb5 . o;n] ;Ldfx¿nfO{ sb/ ug{df ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

;'xfpFbf]] / xflgsf/s nfnr

nfnr a9\bf] rfxgf xf], Pp6f o:tf] alnof] zlQm xf] h;n] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ gofF s'/f k|fKt ug{ jf clwsf/ ug{sf] nflu pmhf{ lbG5 . pBdLx¿sf] lglDt of] ckl/xfo{ u'0f xf] . of] ljgf pgLx¿ ck|efjsf/L jf b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ k|zf;ssf] e"ldsf dfq lgjf{x u5{g\ . ;fFrf] pBdLx¿ ;w}FF s]xL xb;Dd czfGt / c;Gt'i6 x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ kl/jt{g / ;'wf/sf] lglDt k|oTg u5{g\ . cfˆgf] nIodf gk'u'Gh]n;Dd pgLx¿ lj>fd lnFb}gg\ . tyflk, pBdzLntfsf log} u'0fx¿n] g} cGTodf pBdLx¿sf] ktg u/fpF5g\ .

h'g u'0fx¿n] pwdLx¿nfO{ ;kmntfdf k'¥ofPsf lyP, ltg} u'0fx¿n] ;lhn} pgLx¿sf] ktg klg u/fpF5g\ . pgLx¿ cfˆg} af/]df a9fOr9fO ug]{ / cfTd–;+od u'dfpg] k|j[lQsf x'G5g\ . jf:tjdf w]/} pBdLx¿ t cfk"mnfO{ 7'nf] 7fGg] /f]un] u|l;t ePsf x'G5g\ . b'ef{Uojz, pBdLx¿sf jl/kl/ /x]sf dflg;x¿n] of]] ;':t ultsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{ 5gf]6 u5{g\ . pgLx¿n] ;TotfnfO{ ljZjf; ug{ OGsf/ ub{5g\ . ltgLx¿dWo] w]/}n] pBdLsf] ultzLntfaf6 k|z:t} kmfObf lnPsf x'G5g\ . pBdLsf] unt k|j[lQsf] lj?4df gaf]Nbf pgLx¿n] pBdLnfO{ ;dy{g ug{ k'U5g\ / p;sf] sfdsf] kl/0ffdx¿sf] bf]ifdf efuLbf/ aG5g\ . x/]s s'/fsf] lglDt ;do x'G5, zfGt /xg] ;do x'G5 / af]Ng] ;do x'G5 . pBdLn] o:tf] jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug'{k5{ hxfF /rgfTds cfnf]rgf ug{ cg'dlt lbOG5 / To;nfO{ cem} j[l4 x'g klg cg'dlt lbOG5 . o;n] gsf/fTds kl/jt{gx¿nfO{ cyjf vt/gfs k|j[lQx¿nfO{ a]n}df kQf nufpg / ltgLx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Dej t'NofpF5 .

of] s'/f klg d}n] kj{t r9\g] qmddf l;s]sf] lyPFM x/]s kj{tf/f]xL r'r'/f]df k'Ub}g . / r'r'/f]df k'Ug] x/]s JolQm km]l/ ;'/lIft;fy 3/ cfOk'Ub}g . sf]xL t Tof] 8f]/L ;dfpg] ;Dk"0f{ ;d"xsf] d[To'sf] sf/0f ;d]t aGb5g\ . kj{t r9\g] ;dodf ;aeGbf 7'nf] vt/f eg]sf] cfkm}FnfO{ w]/} ;Ifd 7fGg] k|j[lQ xf] . kj{tsf] ;'Gb/tfn] kj{t/f]xLnfO{ nf]EofpF5 . pgLx¿ kj{tsf] r'r'/f]df k'Ug'sf] cg'ej clg kmsL{ cfPkl5 kfOg] ;Ddfgsf] ljrf/n] nf]lePsf x'G5g\ . o:tf lsl;dsf kl/l:yltx¿df dxTjk"0f{ ;'/Iffsf lgodx¿ ;lhn} a]jf:tf ul/G5g\ / nTofOG5g\ . olb dflg;x¿ Jofj;flos kj{t/fxf]0fsf] lgodleq afFlwP/ /x] eg] nueu ;a} kj{tf/f]x0fsf b'3{6gfx¿nfO{ /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 . df};ddf x'g] kl/jt{gx¿ l5b|x¿ 9flsPsf lxpFsf y'k|f]x¿, lxdklx/f]x¿ / r§fgx¿ emg]{ h:tf kj{tdf x'g] clwsf+z vt/fx¿ yfxf kfpg / cg'dfg nufpg ;lsg] vfnsf x'G5g\ . ;'xfpFbf] ;fwgx¿ / ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ k|of]u u/]/, clu|d ¿kdf tof/L u/]/ / cfjZos tflnd k"/f u/]/ w]/} s'/fx¿df oL vt/fx¿af6 ;'/lIft /xg ;lsg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . t/ cToGt} bIf kj{tf/f]xLx¿ klg cgfjZos hf]lvd p7fpg] k/LIffsf] l;sf/ ePsf x'G5g\ . o;/L pgLx¿n] ;r]t eP/ g} gsf/fTds kl/0ffdx¿ x'g] ;DefjgfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5g\ .

gjf}F cf1fn] o;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 . s'g} klg kl/l:yltdf pNnª\3g ug{ gx'g] / tf]8\g} gx'g] cfwf/e"t lgodx¿ x'G5g\ . x/]s l;sf?nfO{ oL cfwf/e"t lgodsf] dxTjx¿df hf]8 lbOPsf] x'G5 . /f]rs s'/f t s] 5 eg] dflyNnf]tnfdf a:g] pRr k|zf;sx¿ g} h;f]t;f] oL cfwf/e"t lgodx¿ cfk"mdf nfu" x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fdf ljZj:t ePsf x'G5g\ . a}++lsª If]qdf ljutdf 5fPsf] ljZjJofkL ;Í6 o;sf] b'MvnfUbf] pbfx/0f xf] . dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft ug{ lgodx¿ :yflkt ul/Psf x'G5g\ . gjf}F cf1fsf] nIo ljjfxnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg' xf] . o;n] cfˆg} nufot c¿x¿sf] klg j}jflxs hLjgnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 . k/d]Zj/n] j}jflxs ;DaGwx¿nfO{ cToGt} dxTj lbg' ePsf] b]lvG5 . olb To;f] gx'Fbf] xf] t bzj6f cf1fx¿ dWo] b'O{j6fdf pxfFn] ljjfxsf] af/]df pNn]v ug{'x'g] lyPg .

ljjfxsf] ;fem]bf/L

ljjfx b'O{hgf JolQm aLrsf] ;fem]bf/L xf] . oL Pp6f ;Lldt ;dosf] nflu dfq geP/ hLjge/ lbuf] /xg' kb{5 . ljjfxsf] k|lt1fn] eg]sf] h:tf], æd[To'n] xfdLnfO{ cnu gu/];Dd .Æ of] cy{k"0f{ 5 . t/ of] kfng ug{ sl7g klg 5 . cfk"mn] ;Sbf] k|of; ubf{ klg j}jflxs ;DaGwnfO{ sfod /fVg g;s]sf w]/} dflg;x¿sf] kL8f d /fd|/L a'em\5', To;sf/0f d pgLx¿sf] lj?4df em§} cf/f]k nufpFlbg . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg, ;fob o;}sf/0f Jofj;flos k/fdz{bftfsf] x}l;otn] d s'g} klg /Ltn] j}jflxs ;DaGwnfO{ vt/fdf kfg{ xf]Og Tof] ;DaGwnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg ;xfotf ug{ rfxG5' . Pp6f c;n j}jflxs hLjg ;fFRr} g} pRr s'/f xf], dxfg\ s'/f xf], kljq s'/f xf] . j}jflxs ;DaGwnfO{ la6'nf] agfpg'sf s7f]/ kl/0ffdx¿ x'G5g\ . ;w}FF . c¿ s;}sf] j}jflxs ;DaGwnfO{ laufg]{ clwsf/ s;}nfO{ klg 5}g .

/Lltl/jfhx¿sf] cfj/0fdf cfˆgf] :jfy{nfO{ plrt 7x¥ofpg]

pBdLx¿df lnlvt lgodnfO{ ;[hgzLn tl/sfn] JofVof ug]{ k|j[lQ x'G5 . xf], sfg"gsf x/]s k|fjwfgx¿ 5n{Ë sfnf] jf ;]tf] eg]/ 5'6\Øfpg ;lsFb}g . ToxfF tf]8df]8 ug{ ;lsg] c:ki6 If]qx¿ klg x'G5g\ . o;nfO{ xfdL /Lltl/jfh eGb5f}F . /Lltl/jfhx¿ clnlvt sfg"gx¿ x'g\ cyjf sfg'gL ¿kdf b08gLo gx'g] u/L ul/g] sfg"g pNn+3g x'g\ . ljjfxrflxF of] ju{df kb}{g . Jofj;flos hLjgdf cGo w]/} lgodx¿ klg of] ju{df kb}{gg\ . /Lltl/jfhx¿ vt/gfs x'G5g\ lsgeg] logLx¿n] o:tf] JolQmjfbL / kl/l:ylthGo g}ltstf v8f ul/lbg ;S5g\ h;n] cfˆgf] :jfy{nfO{ k"/f ug{ x/]s s'/fnfO{ plrt 7x¥ofpg ;S5 . o;n] ;';+:s[ltsf] cefjlt/ 8f]¥ofpFb5 . b'ef{Uojz, xfd|f] ;dfhdf cfh oxL s'/f Jofks 5 / km}lnFb} 5 . of] lsg eO/x]sf] 5 t < lsgeg] s;}n] klg o;sf] k|lt/f]w ub}{g . lsgeg] cfh sfg"gnfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lnOFb}g / o;nfO{ 5nkmn ug]{ cfwf/sf] ¿kdf dfq x]g]{ ul/G5 .

Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/L

Joj;fodf ljleGg k|sf/sf ;fem]bf/Lx¿ x'G5g\ . s]xL rflxF ;'?jftb]lv g} Pp6f ;do cjlwdf lglZrt ePsf x'G5g\ cGo rflxF cfjZostfcg';f/ :yflkt ul/Psf x'G5g\ eg] c¿x¿ rflxF j}jflxs ;DaGwh:t} bL3{sfnLg x'g] ub{5g\ . ;fem]bf/Lsf] sf/0f ahf/df cem} s7f]/ k|lt:kwf{ x'G5 . ahf/Ls/0fsf] nflu ;fem]bf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg dxTjk"0f{ ;fwg ag]sf] 5 .

km}nFb} u/]sf] ahf/x¿df ahf/sf kmfObfx¿ d'Vo u/]/ gofF pTkfbgx¿ / ;]jfx¿ lbP/ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . To;f] eP tfklg, ahf/ kl/kSj ePkl5, ahf/Ls/0fn] a9\bf] ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . clg ljZjJofkL ahf/df ;kmntfsf] lglDt ;DaGwsf] Joj:yfkg clt dxTjk"0f{ vDaf aGb5 . sRrf kbfy{ pTkfgstf{ / cfk"lt{stf{b]lv lnP/ j:t' tyf ;]jfsf pTkfbgstf{ / Jofkf/Lx¿x'Fb} pkef]Qmf;Ddsf] ;Dk"0f{ Jofj;flos ;DaGwsf] ;fª\unf]nfO{ o;n] ;Daf]wg ub{5 . != kl/of]hgf ;fem]bf/L

s'g} klg kl/of]hgfsf] ;'?jft x'G5 / klxNo} lgwf{l/t cGTo x'G5 . o;/L, ;fem]bf/L ljlzi6 kl/of]hgfx¿sf] lglDt klg :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 . @= /0fgLlts ;fem]bf/L

/0fgLlts ;fem]bf/Lx¿ bz{g cyjf cjwf/0ffx¿df cfwfl/t x'G5g\Ù ltgLx¿ ;xsfo{df ;[li6 ul/G5g\ / k"/f ul/G5g\ . #= ;Dks{

;Dks{ eg]sf] ljQLo, JolQmut / sfg"gL ;fem]bf/L xf] h'grflxF k|foh;f] bL3{sfnsf] lglDt :yflkt ul/Psf] x'G5 .

Go"gtd ;Demf}tfsf a'Fbfn] pBdLnfO{ cGtdf w]/} emd]nfaf6 hf]ufpF5 .

;Demf}tf kq lgdf{0f ug'{sf] nfe -;Dem}tf lsg ug'{k5{ t <_

•

;Demf}tfsf] ;fem]bf/

•

-;Demf}tfdf s;n] s'g e"ldsf v]Nb5 <_

•

nIo

•

-s] k|fKt ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] <_

•

ljifoj:t'

•

-;~rfngsf lj:t[t k|fjwfgx¿ s] - s] x'g\ <_

•

;Demf}tfsf] cjlw

•

-;Demf}tfaf6 aflxl/g] k|fjwfg ;lxt_

•

sfg"gL pkrf/sf] ;|f]t

•

-cyjf syd\sbflrt c;xdltsf] cj:yfdf lg¿k0f ug{ s;sxfF hfg] egL tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L_

•

x:tfIf/x¿

hf]lvd Joj:yfkg

cfh sfg"gn] 7"nf sDkgLx¿df sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldlt, lgb]{zsx¿sf] af]8{ / k|zf;sx¿sf] af]8{x¿n] lgoldt ¿kdf sDkgLsf] hf]lvdx¿ hfFr u¿g\ / cfjZos k/]sf] v08df plrt x:tIf]k u¿g\ eGg] dfu ub{5 . ;–;fgf kmd{x¿n] o:tf] ug'{ sfg'gL afWotf geP tfklg To;f] ug{' a'l4dfgL x'G5 . hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|lqmofsf kfFrj6f r/0f x'G5g\M != hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] lglDt lhDd]jf/ sf] xf] eGg] lgwf{/0f ug'{ . pBdzLntfsf hf]lvdx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{df / s'g ;do cjlwdf ug]{ eg]/ lgwf{/0f ug{df sf] lhDd]jf/ 5 <

s;n] s;nfO{ slxn] s] l/kf]6{ ug]{ <

@=hf]lvdx¿sf] klxrfg — hf]lvdx¿sf] kl/efiff

/0fgLlt, ahf/, pTkfbg, sfdbf/x¿, cfk"lt{, ljQ, jftfj/0faf6 s:tf hf]lvdx¿ pTkGg x'g ;Snfg\ <

s'g laGb'df hf]lvdn] ;Ldf gf£5 / ;DxfNg g;lsg] aG5 <

s'g rflxF sfg'gL dfkb08nfO{ cfwf/ agfpg' k5{ <

#= hf]lvdx¿sf] d"NofÍg

s'g} ljz]if 36gf 36\g ;Sg] ;Dejgf slQsf] 5 <

xfd|f] sDkgLnfO{ To;n] s] - s:tf] k|efj kfg{ ;Snf <

xfd|f] lglDt ;fgf], demf}nf / 7'nf] hf]lvd s] x'g ;Snf <

$= hf]lvdx¿sf] Joj:yfkg

s'g} 36gf 36\g glbgsf nflu /f]syfdsf s]]] - s:tf] pkfox¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsPnf <

olb s'g} 36gf 36\g k'u]df xflg lgoGq0fsf] s]] - s:tf] pkfo sfof{Gjog ul/g' knf{ <

%= hf]lvdx¿sf] cg'udg

36\g nfu]sf] 36gfnfO{ ;dod} klxrfg ug{ xfdLnfO{ s]s:tf] hfgsf/L rflxG5 / slxn]] - slxn] rflxG5 < s:tf] k|sf/sf cg'udg / cfGtl/s hfFrx¿ cfjZos x'G5g\ <

;+s6 Joj:yfkg

olb ;+s6k"0f{ 36gfx¿ 36] eg], of t xfdL cfOkg}{ nfu]sf] ljkbaf6 ql;t x'G5f}F cyjf klxn] g} To:tf] ljkbdf kl/;s]sf x'G5f}F . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdLnfO{ ljkb Joj:yfkgsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . ljgf tof/Ldf /x]sf pBdLx¿nfO{ s]xL ;+s6x¿n] crfgs k"0f{ ¿kdf xflg k'¥ofpF5g\ . ljkbdf kml;;s]kl5, bIf ljkb Joj:yfkg lgdf{0f ug{ lgSs} l9nf] eO;s]sf] x'G5 . 3/df cfuf] nflu;s]sf] x'G5 . ;~rf/ dfWodx¿ dfOqmf]kmf]g lnP/ 9f]sfd} k|tLIff ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ ljkbsf] lglDt lhDd]jf/ Joj:yfks;Fu s'/f ug{ rfxG5g\ .

Pp6f ;fwf/0f ;+s6 Joj:yfkgsf kfFr j6f r/0f x'G5g\M

!= ;"rgf hDdf ug{], ;d:ofnfO{ a'‰g]Ù

@= tTsfnLg dfkb08x¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{— ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] ;DaGwdf cfGtl/s lgb]{zgx¿, x6nfOgsf] :yfkgf ug]{ /÷jf pQm ljifosf] af/]df sDkgLsf] k|jQmf;Fu a'‰g ;'emfj lbg]Ù

#= ;~rf/— o;n] hf]lvdx¿nfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s hfFr ul/Fb} 5, lg0f{ox¿ / dfkb08x¿nfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg] u/L JofVof ul/Psf] 5 eGg] b]vfpFb5Ù

$= dfkb08 ;'?jft— sfo{ ug]{Ù

%= k'li6 ug]{— sfo{sf] dWo / clGtd kl/0ffdsf] hfFr ug]{ / ltgLx¿sf af/]df 5nkmn ug]{ .

cWofo !)

s - ltko pBdLx¿ ;+Vofk|ltsf] df]xdf x'G5g\ / ahf/nfO{ a]jf:tf ub{5g\ . Joj;fo ug]{ of] v/fa tl/sf xf] . c¿x¿n] rflxF ahf/sf] ;DefJotfnfO{ dfq} b]Vb5g\ / Tof] ;DefJotf k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]Vb5g\ / ;+Vofx¿sf] a]jf:tf ub{5g\ . of] klg /fd|f] xf]Og . Ps c;n pBdL oL b'j}k|lt ;r]t ePsf] x'G5 . pm rgfvf] x'G5 / ahf/sf] 36gfqmdnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofln/x]sf] x'G5 . d'Vo tTjx¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ pm ;do ;dodf ;DefJotf / kl/0ffdsf] af/]df lrGtg u5{ . p;n] cfˆgf] lgisif{ lgsfN5 / To;df cfwfl/t eP/ gLltx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ub{5 . ;+Vofx¿sf] ;Gbe{df klg g}lts cfofd x'G5 . æltdLn] cfˆgf] l5d]sLsf] 3/sf] nfnr gug"{Æ eGg] bzf}F cf1fn] xfdLnfO{ nfnrsf] af/]df Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ lzIff lbG5 .

k};f sdfpg' æx'G5Æ, nf]e ug'{ æx'GgÆ

oxfF k};f / nf]e dxTjk"0f{ ljifosf] ¿kdf b]vf k5{g\ . clg of] ljz]if u/]/ pBdLx¿sf] lglDt dxTjk"0f{ 5 . pBdLsf] Pp6f sfd ¿k}ofFk};f sdfpg' xf] . of]rflxF :ki6 5 . / d'gfkmf sdfpg' /fd|f] xf] . To;f] eP tfklg, nf]en] rflxF jf:tljs vt/f lgDTofp5 . nf]en] ;kmntfnfO{ 5fofFh:t} u/]/ k5\ofPsf] x'G5, x/]s df]8df of] Ps kfOnf k5fl8 dfq} /x]sf] x'G5 . Pp6f nf]eL JolQmn] cfk"m;Fu ;a} s'/f eP/ klg cem} a9L rfxgf ub{5 . clg p;n] hlt w]/} k|fKt ub{5 Tolt g} w]/} pm cfk"m;Fu ePsf] s'/fdf c;Gt'i6 x'G5 . nf]esf] sf/0f Jofs'n eP/ sfo{ ubf{ pBdLn] eoª\s/ uNtL ug{ k'U5 . z]o/sf] d"No a9\g] nf]edf ul/g] nufgLn]] of] s'/fnfO{ k|i6 kfb{5 . ¿k}ofFk};fnfO{ ;jf]{Rr O{Zj/, sDkgLdfly ;Dk|e'sf] ¿kdf :jLsfl/G5 . pBdzLntfsf ;Dk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿sf] nIo g} sDkgLsf] z]o/sf] d"No a9fpg]tkm{ s]lGb|t x'G5 . o;/L pRr tflnd k|fKt k|aGwsx¿n] ;d]t nfut 36fpg / cNksfnLg d'gfkmfdf j[l4 u/fpgsf] nflu 7'nf] ;+Vofdf sd{rf/Lx¿ s6f}tL ug]{ lg0f{o ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] sDkgLsf] bL3{sfnLg cl:tTjnfO{ hf]lvddf k'¥ofFp5g\ / cfk"mn] sDkgL 5f]8]/ uO;s]kl5 s] x'g ;S5 eGg] af/]df s'g} dtnj /fVb}gg\ . ha ltgLx¿sf] sfo{sf] c;/ kg]{ a]nfdf pgLx¿ ;Sbf] kmfObf s'DNofP/ cfˆgf] af6f] ttfO{;s]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf] k|sf/sf] Jojxf/sf] h8 nf]e xf], lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cem a9L k|fKt ug]{ nfnr g} xf] . l:j; 38L pBf]usf dflns lgsf]nf; xfosn] z]o/sf] d"No a9L k|fKt ug]{ ;f]rnfO{ cldNbf] / lalt;s]sf] ztfAbLsf] dfgl;stfsf] ¿kdf j0f{g ub{5g\ . pgn] hjfkmb]xL / lbuf] ;f]rfOn] cfh klg ;kmntf lbg ;S5 egL k|dfl0ft u/]sf 5g\ .

;fob d}n] nfnrrflxF z]o/sf] d"No a9L k|fKt ug]{ ;f]r;Fu dfq ;DalGwt x'G5 / o;sf/0f of] 7"nf sDkgLx¿sf] dfq ;d:of xf] eGg] cfzo lbPF xf]nf . t/ Tof] sbflrt xf]Og . of] ;fFrf] xf], 7"nf sDkgLdf b]lvg] nf]e 8/nfUbf] x'G5, t/ nf]e ;a}df x'G5 . ;fgf tyf demf}nf cfsf/sf sDkgLsf Joj:yfksx¿df klg . x/]s JolQmdf nf]esf] lap ;'if'Kt cj:yfdf /x]sf] x'G5 . x/]s JolQm o;df km:g ;Sg] vt/fdf x'G5 . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ g} d}n] oxfF of] ljifonfO{ p7fO{/x]sf] 5' . xfd|f] cfˆg} ljsf; sfo{qmddf s]xL pBdLx¿n] alnof] g}lts l;4fGtdf cfˆgf sDkgLx¿ :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\ . ;'?df t pgLx¿ oL l;4fGtx¿k|lt ljZjf;of]Uo /x], t/ ha pgLx¿n] /ftf/ft wg sdfpg ;Sg] df}sf b]v]], ta pgLx¿ nf]leP/ r'Sg k'u] . t/ To;/L wgsf] kl5 nfUg] s'/fn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;fFrf] v';L lbg ;s]g .

hLjgsf em'6x¿sf] ;§fdf kf/blz{tf

kf/blz{tf eg]sf] lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s sfd ug'{sf] Pp6f kIf xf] . kf/bzL{ JolQmx¿n] Hof]lt dg k/fpF5g\ ckf/bzL{ dflg;x¿n] cGwsf/nfO{ k|]d u5{g\ . k'/fgf dflkmof l;g]dfx¿df tkfO{++n] wldnf] kl/j]; b]Vg'ePsf] 5 . n'sfdf/Lsf] v]nnfO{ /f]df~rs / gf6sLo ¿kdf lrq0f ul/Psf] x'G5 . tyflk Jofj;flos hLjgdf ckf/blz{tf ljNs"n} leGg b]lvG5 . of] em'6x¿ / nuftf/sf] 9fs5f]kdf emfFluG5 . clwsf+z ;dodf e|dsf] kbf{af6 o;nfO{ b]Vg ufx|f] x'G5 . w]/}j6f slyt Jofj;flos /Lltl/jfhx¿ o;sf efu x'g\ . ;TonfO{ tf]8df]8 ul/Psf] x'G5 . To;f] eP tfklg Tof] em'6 g} xf] . o;sf kl/0ffdx¿ 3fts x'G5g\ . rfF8f] of l9nf] ckf/blz{tfsf] sf/0f ;w}FF g} e/f];f u'D5 . u'dfPsf] e/f];fnfO{ km]l/ k|fKt ug{ Psbd} ufx|f] x'G5 / sltko cj:yfdf t of] c;Dej klg x'G5 .

JolQmsf] lghL hLjgdf ckf/blz{tfsf] sf/0fn] p;sf] ;"rgf em'6f] x'G5, jf:tljstfsf] ;dem u'Db5 / v/fa lg0f{ox¿ ug{ k'Ub5 . ckf/blz{tfsf] ;+:s[ltleq k|j]z ug]{ JolQmn] cfk"mh:t} ;f]rfO ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ e]6]df cfZro{ dfGg' kb}{g h;n] ljgf lxlRsrfx6 p;af6 klg rf]g]{ k|of; ub{5g\ . kf/blz{tf k|d'v ¿kdf d]/f] JolQmut :jefj;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . s] d;Fu n'sfpg' kg]{ s]xL s'/f 5 < s] d s]xL s'/f n'sfpg' rfxG5' < lsg < s] d nf]e, bf]ifL ljj]s jf dgf]j}1flgs hl6ntfaf6 pTk|]l/t ePsf] 5' < oL ;a} s'/fx¿ dfgjLo g} x'g\ . t/ o;sf c;/x¿ xflgsf/s x'G5g\ . d}n] o; k':tsdf rrf{ u/]sf bz cf1fx¿nfO{ xfdLn] xfd|f] hLjgsf] dfu{bz{ssf] ¿kdf x]¥of}F eg] ltgn] xfdLnfO{ w]/} ;xfotf k'¥ofpF5g\ . ltgn] xfdLnfO{ w]/} k/lge{/tf / hLjgsf em'6x¿af6 5'6sf/f lbG5g\ .

hLjgsf em'6x¿

em'6 g+= ! –

æ;kmntf / ;DklQn] dnfO{ v';L agfpF5 .Æ

s'g} JolQm ;kmntf / ;DklQdf e/ k/]sf] 5}g eg] dfq} To;n] p;nfO{ v';L agfpF5 . ;kmn gx'Fbf d s:tf] dx;'; u5'{ < cfˆgf] ;DklQ u'Db} hfFbf dnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < d]/f s]xL ;]jfu|fxLx¿ cfk"m;Fu w]/} ;DklQ 5 eGg] e|ddf 5g\ . oyfy{df o;sf] ljk/Lt rflxF ;To xf] . ltgLx¿ cfˆgf] ;DklQsf] dflns xf]Ogg\, a? ;DklQ rflxF ltgLx¿sf] dflns ePsf] x'G5 . ltgLx¿sf] b}lgs hLjg / cfgGb ltgLx¿sf] ;DklQsf] cj:yfdf lge{/ /x]sf] x'G5 . ltgLx¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg g} Pp6} k|Zgdf c8]sf] x'G5M æs;/L d d]/f] ;DklQ hf]ufpg ;S5' <Æ x/]s lbg pgLx¿n] wLtf]kqsf] ahf/ d"No x]/]/ ;'? ub{5g\ . olb d"No psfnf] nfu]sf] 5 eg] ;a} s'/f /fd|} x'G5, olb d"No 36]sf] 5 eg] pgLx¿sf] lbg p/f7nfUbf] aG5 / pgLx¿sf] cg'xf/ cFWof/f] x'G5 . pgLx¿ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cfˆgf] ;DklQsf] dd{t ;Def/ u5{g\ . pgLx¿ cfˆgf] ejgdf gofF ¿k, gofF 5fgf / gofF OF6fx¿ yK5g\ . cfk"mn] ;[hgf u/]sf] tgfjaf6 d'lQm kfpgsf] nflu ljnf;L :yfgx¿df 5'§L dgfpg eg]/ 7'nf] kl/df0fdf k};f vr{ ul/G5 . x/]s lbg pgLx¿ cfˆgf] dd{t ;+ef/sf] cj:yf hfFr ub{5g\ / ;d'b|sf] lsgf/df x'Fbf klg cfˆgf] df]afOn kmf]gsf] dfWodåf/f wLtf] kq ahf/sf] efp hfFr ub{5g\=== . -d}n] oxfFlg/ 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ ug{] cyjf cGo kmd{x¿df nufgL ug]{ pBdLx¿nfO{ ;+s]t ul//x]sf] 5}gF . d}n] t To:tf Jofj;flos dflg;x¿nfO{ ;+s]t ub}{5' h;n] o:tf] 5'§L dgfpg hfFbf ;d]t k"0f{ ¿kdf cfˆgf] pBd Joj;fonfO{ Tofu]sf x'Fb}gg\ / cfˆgf] Joj;fosf] af/]df eGbf cfk"mn] y'kf/]]sf] ;DklQsf] af/]df a9L lkmqmL u5{g\ ._

;fFrf] ¿kdf v';L x'g] dflg;x¿ cfk"m;Fu h]hlQ wg ;DklQ eP tfklg v';L x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ cfk"m cl:tTjdf /x]sf]df g} v';L x'G5g\ . lsgeg] pgLx¿ ;Gt'i6 x'G5g\ . lsgeg] pgLx¿n] k|]d kfPsf x'G5g\ / c¿x¿nfO{ k|]d ug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ .

em'6 g+= @ –

æolb d}n] c;n sfdx¿ ub{5' eg] ;a} s'/f /fd|} x'G5 .Æ

pBdLx¿n] cfk"mnfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ JolQmsf ¿kdf k|:t't u/fpg dg k/fpF5g\ . l;4fGttM of] /fd|f] xf] . To;f] eP tfklg olb pgLx¿sf] k/f]ksf/L sfo{ alnbfg eGbf ;fj{hlgs klxrfg sdfpg] k|of;df a9L s]lGb|t x'G5 eg], To:tf] c;n efj rfF8} ljlng x'G5 . enfOsf sfo{x¿ cfˆg} OR5f / rfxgfnfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg'{df geP/ c¿x¿;Fu afF8r'F8 ug'{df k|s6 x'G5 . To;f] eP tfklg, c;n lgot ePsf] JolQmn] ;Gt'li6 klg cjZo} k|fKt ug]{5 .

em'6 g+= # – æd}n] cfk"mnfO{ c¿sf] ck]Iffcg'¿k 9fNg' k5{ .Æ

;w}FF c¿ dflg;x¿sf] ck]Iffcg'¿k cfk"mnfO{ 9fNg' klg nt aGg ;S5 . pBdLx¿ ePsf] gftfn] xfdL k|foM u/L o:tf] kl/l:yltx¿df x'g] ub{5f}F hxfF xfdLn] c¿ dflg;x¿sf ck]Iffx¿ k"/f ug{ ;Sb}gf}F . lsgeg] To:tf ck]Iffx¿ unt cyjf xflgsf/s x'G5g\ . cyjf ltgLx¿ d]/f] lhDd]jf/Ldf kb}{gg\ . cyjf To;sf] nflu pko'Qm ;do cfO;s]sf] 5}g . pko'Qm ;do cfPkl5 pBdLn] æx'G5Æ eGg} k5{ / slxn] sxL+F p;n] æx'Fb}gÆ klg eGg' k5{ . o;/L s'/f grkfO{ cfˆgf] s'/f k|i6 ¿kdf /fVg] JolQm aGg' k5{ .

logLx¿ hLjgsf em'6x¿sf] tLgj6f pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ . lgoZro o:tf c¿ w]/} em'6x¿ 5g\ . s;/L xfdLn] ;To / em'6, tYo / OR5fOPsf ;f]rfOx¿, sfNklgs / jf:tljs, cTofjZosLo / rfxgf ul/Psf, dxTjk"0f{ / clt dxTjk"0f{, d]/f] / tkfO{++x¿sf] aLrdf leGgtf 5'§ofpg ;Sb5f}F < o;sf] lglDt rl/q, hfgsf/L / cf}hf/x¿ rflxG5 . xfd|f] rl/qn] lg0f{o k|lqmofsf g}lts cfofdnfO{ cg'udg ub{5 . hfgsf/Lx¿ ;+sng ul/g' kb{5 / 5fGg' kb{5 . k|r'/ hfgsf/Lx¿af6 5gf]6 ug{sf] nflu xfdLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug{ cf}hf/x¿sf] vfFrf] kb{5 tfls xfdLn] pkof]uL lg0f{ox¿ ug{ ;sf}F .

;do / of]hgfx¿

;do sf] af/]df s'/f u/f}F . xfd|f] sDkgLdf slt nfdf] ;dosf] lglDt xfdL of]hgf agfpg rfxG5f}F < kfFr jf bz jif]{ of]hgf agfpg] o'u lglZrt ¿kdf cGTo eO;s]sf] 5— slDtdf klg klZrdL cy{tGqdf . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] jt{dfg o'un] hLjgsf] nonfO{ 7'nf] dfqfdf j[l4 u/fOlbPsf] 5 . x/]s of]hgf cg'dfg nufpg g;lsg] ljleGg k|sf/sf 36gfx¿af6 k|efljt ePsf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f, of]hgf agfpgnfO{ cem} w]/} dfu{lgb]{zgx¿sf] vfFrf] kb{5 . xfdL clxn] uPsf] ztfAbLsf] h:tf] lglZrt of]hgfx¿sf cfwf/df rNg ;Sb}gf}F . cfh xfd|f] kl/jt{gzLn k4ltdf Pp6f k|d'v nIo x'Fbfx'Fb} klg w]/} of]hgfx¿sf] cfjZostf k5{ . k|d'v nIo ;w}FF Pp6} /xG5 . t/ of]hgfx¿ gofF oyfy{x¿cg';f/ ;dfof]hg ub}{ nfg'kg]{ x'G5 .

of] s'/f klg d}n] kj{tf/f]x0f sf] qmddf l;s]sf] lyPF . Ps s'g} JolQmn] s'g rflxF kj{tsf] r'r'/f]df r9\g] eg]/ lg0f{o ul/;s]kl5, ;fdfGotof p;n] cfˆgf] lg0f{onfO{ kl/jt{g ub}{g . To;f] eP tfklg, Tof] r'r'/f]df k'Ugsf] nflu Tof] JolQmn] ljleGg af6fx¿ r'Gg ;S5 . df};d, p;sf] zf/Ll/s r':ttf jf rfxgfsf] cfwf/df p;n] s'g} klg af6f] 5gf]6 ug{ ;S5 .

dfu{bz{s ;fwgx¿M sDkgLsf] rfns sIf

pBdLnfO{ cfˆgf] sDkgLnfO{ lbzflgb]{z ug{sf] nflu c;n cf}hf/x¿ sf] vfFrf] kb{5 . xjfO{hxfhsf] rfnsn] h:t}, ofqfnfO{ ;kmn u/fpgsf] nflu / cfsl:ds ¿kdf cfOkg]{ 36gfx¿nfO{ ;DxfNgsf] nflu pBdLn] pBdnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ dxTjk"0f{ tTjx¿sf] af/]df ;w}FF ;r]t /xg' k5{ . p;n] ;a} tTjx¿nfO{ ;lDem/xg ;Sb}g, t/ ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ tTjk|lt Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{k5{ . 7'nf] / km/flsnf] xjfO{hxfh rfnssf] lglDt h'g–h'g tTjx¿ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\, lghL, Pp6}dfq OlGhg ePsf] xjfO{hxfh rfnssf] lglDt klg ltg} tTjx¿ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . h:t}M ult, prfO, p8fgsf] prfO, p8fgsf] 9NsfO, :yfg, OGwgsf] dfqf cflb . ljdfg rfnsn] rfns sIfdf a;]/ oL s'/fx¿ / cGo ;"rsx¿sf] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cg'udg / lgoGq0f ub{5 .

pBdLnfO{ klg Pp6f o:t} rfns sIfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . jflif{s lx;fa vftf aGb u/]sf] dlxgf}Fkl5 cfˆgf] ;xfosaf6 pBdLx¿n] k|z:t cÍx¿ / tYofÍx¿ k|fKt ub{5g\ . pBdLn] lj/n} dfq oL ljj/0fx¿ k9\5g\ . oL ljj/0fx¿nfO{ jf:tjd} a'em\g ;Sg] pwdL kfpg' t emg} lj/n} x'g] ub{5 . cem} eGg'kbf{, tL ljj/0f Psbd} l9nf] cfOk'U5g\ . cfos/ sfof{nosf] nflu dfq} tL ljj/0fx¿ pkof]uL x'G5g\ . of] klg dxTjk"0f{ x'g ;Snf, t/ pBdLsf] d'Vo ;/f]sf/ of] xf]Og .

pBdLx¿ cfkm}Fn] tof/ kf/]sf rfns sIfx¿ g} ;a}eGbf pkof]uL x'G5g\ . ;kmntfsf] nflu s'g rflxF ;"rsx¿ ;aeGbf k|efjsf/L x'G5g\ eGg] s'/f ;a}eGbf a9L p;nfO{ g} yfxf x'G5 .

k|foM oL tnsf oL ;"rsx¿ g} sfkmL x'G5g\M

!= s"n ljqmLM

df}lb|s dfk jf kl/df0fdf -ah]6;Fu t'ngf ub}{, k|lt dlxgfsf] j:t' jf ;]jf ljqmLsf] dfqf / jif{sf] ;'?jftb]lv hDdf x'Fb} cfPsf] j:t' jf ;]jfsf] kl/df0f_

@= t/ntfM

n]vf ;Gt'ng -s;/L d}n] cfˆgf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;S5' < cNkcjlw, dWodcjlw / bL3{sfnsf] lglDt <_

#= gfkmfsf] dfqfM

gfkmf;lxtsf] ljqmLaf6 nfutx¿nfO{ 36fpFbf cfpg] dfqf

oL hfgsf/Lx¿nfO{ xfdL Pp6f lglZrt ldltsf] cGTodf tYofÍsf] ¿kdf, / Pp6f qmdzM x'g] ljsf;sf] ¿kdf lrq0f ug{ ;S5f}F . sDkgLsf] cfsf/ / hl6ntfsf] cfwf/df oL ;"rsfÍx¿nfO{ lgZro g} Jofj;flos k4ltx¿df ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

/f]a{6 P;= sfKnfg / 8]eL8 lk= gf]6{gåf/f ljsl;t ul/Psf] ;Gt'lnt cÍ tflnsfn] sDkgLsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ kfFrj6f v08df ljefhg ub{5M

!= bz{g / /0fgLltM

xfdL s] rfxG5f}F / xfdL o;nfO{ s;/L k|fKt ug{ rfxG5f}F <

@= ;]jfu|fxLx¿ / j:t'x¿M

xfdL s;/L cfkm}FnfO{ / xfd|f j:t' / ;]jfx¿nfO{ xfd|f u|fxsx¿ ;dIf k|:t't ug{ rfxG5f}F <

#= k|lqmofx¿÷;~rfngsf qmdx¿M

u|fxsx¿ / nufgLstf{x¿sf] ck]Iffx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{sf] nflu xfdLnfO{ s]–s:tf ;~rfngsf qmdx¿ -k|lqmof_ sf] cfjZostf kb{5 <

$= sd{rf/Lx¿÷;Lk / 1fgM

xfd|f Jofj;flos /0fgLltx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu xfdLnfO{ s:tf ;d"xx¿ / Ifdtfx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 <

%= cfly{s Joj:yfM

xfdL xfd|f nufgLstf{ -c+lzof/x¿, a}+sx¿, nufgLstf{x¿_ ;Fu s;/L k|:t't x'g rfxG5f}F <

oL If]qx¿sf lglDt nIox¿ / ;Ldfx¿ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . rfns sIfn] logLx¿nfO{ k|:t't / cg'udg ug]{ ub{5 . o;/L, ;Gt'lnt cÍ tflnsf sf8{n] km/s k|sf/n] dfu{bz{g ug]{ k4ltsf] ¿kdf sfd ub{5 .

lsg xfdLnfO{ dfu{bz{s k4ltsf] cfjZostf k5{ t < s] of] jf:tjdf g} cfjZos 5 < ;do Joj:yfkgsf] Pp6f uf]i7Ldf Ps hgf ;xefuLn] dnfO{ cK7\of/f]df kfl/lbOg\ . ltgn] dnfO{ cfsif{s d':sfg;lxt ;f]lwg\, æs] s'g} JolQmn] ;fFRr} nIox¿ /fVg}k5{ t <Æ of] bdbf/ k|Zg xf] . jf:tjdf, eljiodf s] x'G5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ yfxf gePsf] sf/0f lj:t[t of]hgfx¿ agfpg' / w]/} nIox¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{ vt/gfs x'G5 . cfly{s ;+s6 / cs:dft /f]uljdf/Ln] xfd|f of]hgfx¿nfO{ crfgs ;dfKt kfl/lbg ;S5g\ . To:tf slt 36gfx¿ x'G5g\ h;sf] xfdLn] of]hgf agfpg ;Sb}gf}F jf k|efj kfg{ ;Sb}gf+}F . xfdL of] s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tf ug{ ;Sb}gf}F . o:tf sltko 36gfx¿ 36\g] k|an ;Defjgf x'G5 . Tolt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg xfdLn] of]hgf agfpg' g} k5{ / cfˆgf] lglDt nIox¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . To;f] eP tfklg, s'g} ljz]if 36gfx¿ 36]df of]hgfx¿ kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg] u/L nrsbf/ x'g' k5{ . clg dfu{lgb]{zs k|0ffnLn] xfdLnfO{ b]vfkb}{ u/]sf vt/fx¿sf] af/]df tTsfn} ;"lrt ug'{k5{ . :j:y dxTjsf+Iff / 3fts nfnrsf aLrdf ;Gt'ng /fVgsf] lglDt xfdLn] ;r]t eP/ ;Ldf v8f ug]{ u/L dfu{lgb]{zs k|0ffnLnfO{ :yflkt u/]sf x'G5f}F . xfdLn] xfd|f] sDkgLdf s] hfoh 5 / s] gfhfoh 5, s]nfO{ cg'dlt 5 / s] s'/f dgfxL ul/Psf] 5 egL kl/eflift ub{5f}F .

To;kl5 pBdLnfO{ cfˆgf] lghL hLjgsf] lglDt klg rfns sIfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . s] tkfO{++ cfˆgf] lghLhLjg lghL gx'g] w]/} pBdLx¿dWo]df kg'{x'G5 < s] tkfO{++sf] lglDt tkfO{++sf] sDkgL g} ;j]{;jf{ xf] < To;f] xf] eg] tkfO{++n] hLjg lhpg g} ;ls/xg'ePsf] 5}g . cyjf tkfO{++ cGToxLg bf}8df x'g'x'G5 . olb tkfO{++ hLjg lhpg EofO/xg'ePsf] 5}g eg] tkfO{++n] ult sd ug'{k5{ . olb tkfO{++ bf}l8/xg'ePsf] 5 eg], tkfO{++ /f]lsg' k5{ / lrGtg–dgg\ ug'{k5{ .

d cfˆgf] hGdlbgsf] pkxf/sf] ¿kdf 3f]8fsf] OR5f ug]{ s]6Lsf] syf dg k/fpF5' . / jf:tljs sf7af6 ag]sf] Pp6f /fd|f] r'OFsg] 3f]8f lbP/ ltgsf] OR5f k"/f ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof] aflnsf v';L lyOgg\ / ltgsf a'afn] pgnfO{ ;f]w]sf lyP, æolb sf7n] ag]sf] xf]Og eg] 3f]8f s]n] ag]sf] x'g' kb{5 t <Æ æ3f]8f, 3f]8faf6 g} ag]sf] x'g'kb{5,Æ aflnsfn] pQ/ lbPsL lyOg\ . ltgL Psbd} ;xL lyOg\ . Pp6f jf:tljs 3f]8f, 3f]8faf6 ag]sf] x'G5 . hLjg klg 7Ls To:t} xf] . jf:tljs hLjg hLjgaf6 ag]sf] x'G5 Joj;fon] xf]Og, cÍx¿n] xf]Og, ahf/n] xf]Og, pTkflbt j:t'x¿n] xf]Og, hLjgn] dfq} ag]sf] x'G5 .

s]xL dflg;x¿n] cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ jif{x¿n] eg]{ ub{5g\ . c¿ sltkon] cfˆgf jif{x¿nfO{ hLjgn] eb{5g\\ . o;n] tflTjs leGgtf NofpF5 . of] s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{ lg0f{o ug]{ dflg;x¿n] klxn] g} klxnf] ljsNknfO{ /f]lh;s]sf x'G5g\ . olb xfdL xfd|f jif{x¿ hLjgn] eg{ rfxG5f}F eg] o;sf] nflu xfdLn] s]xL ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, æhLjg s] xf] <Æ æd]/f] lrxfg lznfn]vdf d s] n]lvPsf] b]Vg rfxG5' <Æ d]/f] hLjgdf s;n] e"ldsf v]Ng' k5{ < æd]/f k|yfldstfx¿ s]–s] x'g\ <Æ æd s]af6 eflu/x]sf] 5' <Æ æs;sf] ;fdg] d}n] s]xL s'/f k|dfl0ft ug{' 5 < æd}n] lsg s]xL s'/f n'sfpg' k5{ <Æ æd]/f] hLjgnfO{ jf:tjd} cy{k"0f{ agfpgsf] nflu d}n] s] ul//x]sf] 5' <Æ

oL k|Zgx¿ ;f]w]/ xfdLn] cfˆg} hLjgsf] lglDt rfns sIf lgdf{0f ug{ ;'? ub{5f}F .

tkfO{++n] z"Goaf6 s]xL klg agfpg ;Sg'x'Gg . dxfg\ kl/jt{gx¿ ;–;fgf ljrf/x¿af6 ;'? x'G5g\ .

of] s'/f klg d}n] kj{tf/f]x0f ubf{ l;s]sf] lyPF . o:tf kl/l:yltx¿ cfpFb5g\ h'g ;dodf cGo ;a} s'/fx¿ dxTjxLg aG5g\ . k|l;l4 . ;DklQ . ;kmntf . k|s[ltsf] ;'Gb/tf . oL ;a} dxTjxLg\ aGb5g\ . Pp6} s'/f dfq afFsL /xG5, Tof] xf]M hLjg .

cWofo !!

Joj;fox¿sf] oyfy{ cWoog

:k]/]gM d'gfkmfsf] dfqf sd ePsf]n]

ubf{ gofF /0fgLltx¿

Joj;fosf] If]q M efG5f ;DaGwL d"Nojfg -lsrg ;]6 _ ;fdu|L lgdf{0f

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Joj;fosf] gd"gf

aL; jif{b]lv xfG; / Pl/v :k]/]g bfh'efO ldn]/ ;kmntfk"j{s kfl/jfl/s Joj;fosf] g]t[Tj u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] sDkgL l:jh/Nof08sf] Pp6f kxf8L ufpFdf lyof] / pgLx¿n] :yfgLo ahf/sf] lglDt efG5f / leqL ;hfj6sf ;fdfgx¿ pTkfbg u/L sl/j !@ hgf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf lyP . To;kl5 pgLx¿n] Pp6f ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . Tof] xf], ahf/df k|j]z u/]sf gofF k|lt:kwL{x¿ / pgLx¿n] cTofw'lgs k|ljlwx¿ k|of]u u/]/ lgs} ;:tf] d"Nodf pTkfbg u/], h;n] ubf{ :k]/]gnfO{ afWo eP/ /0fgLlt kl/jt{g ug'{k¥of] . oL bfh'efOn] o; ;d:ofnfO{ cj;/sf] ¿kdf lnP / s]xL jif{sf] cjlwleqdf g}] cfˆgf pTkfbgsf lsl;dx¿nfO{ ljnfl;tf k|sf/sf pTkfbgdf abn] . pgLx¿sf gofF ;]jfu|fxLx¿ / ltgLx¿sf cfˆgf] Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/x¿ klg pRr u'0f:t/o'Qm j:t''x¿sf]] dfu ub{5g\ . clxn] :k]/]g bfhefO ;+;f/e/ ljnfl;tf / labf dgfpgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] ejgsf sf]7fx¿ ;hfj6 ug]{, ljnfl;tfsf] dxn ;hfpg] sfd ub{5g\ . o;df k|of]u ePsf cfsf/, agfj6 / ljnfl;tfsf] ljz]iftfn] ubf{ :k]/]g efG5fsf] d"No cf};t efG5fsf] d"No eGbf @) u'0ff a9L x'g cfpF5 . :k]/]gn] cTofw'lgs efG5f ;fdu|L lgdf{0fsf] If]qdf cfˆgf] gfd ljZjJofkL ¿kdf k|l;4 agfPsf] 5 .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

:k]/]g bfh'efO ;xL tl/sfn] tflnd k|fKt kf]Vt l;sdL{ / pBdLx¿ x'g\ . h;n] k/d]Zj/;Fusf] cfˆgf] JolQmut ;DaGwnfO{ Jofj;flos hLjg nufot ;Dk"0{f hLjgnfO{ :jfefljs / jf:tljs tl/sfn] k|efj kfg{ lbPsf lyP . pgLx¿ cfˆgf] sfo{df Jofjxfl/s¿kdf g} k/d]Zj/sf] dfu{lgb]{zg / cflzif\sf] cg'ej ug{ rfxG5g\ / of] cflzif\nfO{ c¿x¿;Fu af8Fr'8F ug{ rfxG5g\ . pgLx¿sf] x/]s lg0f{o af}l4stf, dflg;x¿k|lt ;Ddfg / k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fdf cfwfl/t ePsf] x'G5 . oL cfwf/e't cfr/0fn] ubf{ b'j}df leGbf leGb} JolQmTjz}nL eP tfklg ;d:of / åGåx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ / o;n] pgLx¿nfO{ /rgfTds p2]Zosf] lglDt klg v'nf u/fO{lbPsf] 5 . pTs[i6 gjLg vf]ho'Qm ;dfwfg, pRr u'0f:t/ / ldnfk o;sf kl/0ffdx¿ x'g\ .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

tgfjk"0f{ ahf/ cj:yfn] :k]/]gnfO{ ck/Dk/fut / pu| pkfosf] kl/ro u/fpg afWo kf/]sf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] ;d:ofnfO{ r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf lnP / k|lqmofa4 tl/sfn] ;dfwfgsf] vf]hL u/] . ;'?df Jofj;flos ;~rfng ljZn]if0fn] pgLx¿sf] kl/:yltsf] af/]df k|i6 kfl/lbof] . To;kl5 pgLx¿n] Tof] ljZn]if0fsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ k|fy{gfdf k/d]Zj/ sxfF NofP . afNosfnb]lv g} afOan cWoog u/]/ o;nfO{ cGo w]/} ;d:ofu|:t kl/l:yltnfO{ hLjgsfnel/ g} cEof; u/]sf lyP . s] k/d]Zj/n] pgLx¿nfO{ oxfF klg ;xfotf ug'{x'Gg xf]nf / < :k]/]gx¿ cfˆgf] ;Lldttfsf] af/]df /fd|f];Fu ;r]t lyP . k/d]Zj/n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug'{eof] . k/d]Zj/n] pgLx¿nfO{ h] dfu]sf lyP ;f] lbg'eof]M ljrf/x¿, ;fx; / cj;/sf] 9f]sfx¿ vf]lnlbg'eof] . lh:tf8sf] glhs}sf] If]qdf ljbf dgfpg cfpg] wgL kfx'gfx¿nfO{ efG5fsf]7f agfpgsf] nflu rflxg] Pp6f ljrf/ xf], csf]{ rflxF pgLx¿nfO{ Tof] ;fdfg a]Rg' xf] . cem} cGtdf pgLx¿ o;sf/0f ;kmn ePsf lyP .

Pl/v :k]/]gn] cfˆgf] ;[hgfzLntfnfO{ k|of]u u/]/, cfˆgf] 9frfF k|:t't ug]{ v'jL / gofF u|fxsnfO{ klxrfg, cfslif{t / ljZj:t t'Nofpg] ;~rf/ Ifdtfsf] k|of]u u5{g\ . pgsf] efO xfG; :k]/]gn] oL hl6n ljrf/nfO{ l;4 pTkfbgx¿df kl/jt{g ug{sf] nflu cfˆgf] ljz]if1tf / ;+u7lgs v'jLnfO{ k|of]u ub5{g\ / cfˆgf] ;d"x;Fu} nG8g / Go'of]{s / afxfdf;sf pRru'0f:t/ / dxª\uf ejgx¿df ltgLx¿nfO{ h8fg u5{g\ . lj1fkgsf] lglDt ;Lldt ah]6 ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ :k]/]gn] ljZjZofkL lj1fkg cleofg rnfpg ;s]gg\ . TotL x'FbfxF'b} klg pgLx¿sf] pTs[i6 ;[hgzLntfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ gofF cj;/x¿sf] 9f]sf vf]lnlbof] . glhs}sf] ufpFdf labf dgfpg cfPsf wgL / cGt/f{li6«o u|fxsx¿;Fu pgLx¿n] ;Dks{ :yfkgf u/] .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

- olb ;d:ofnfO{ cj;/sf] ¿kdf x]l/of]eg], Tof] ljsf;sf] lglDt 5nfª\ dfg{ ;Sg] cfwf/ aGg ;S5 .

- s] ul/g'kb{5 eGg] kQf nufpg / sfo{ ug{sf] nflu geOgx'g] s'/f lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu Jofj;flos ljZn]if0fx¿sf] vfFrf] kb{5 .

- ;fgf tyf 7"nf lg0f{ox¿ ubf{ k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;dfj]z ugf{n] pBdLx¿nfO{ a9L af]em x'gaf6 ;'/lIft u/fpF5 / csNkgLo ;Defjgfx¿ k|ikm'6g x'G5g\ .

- ;fx;sf] kmn cGtdf kfOG5 . tkfO{+n] cfkm";Fu ePsf s'/fx¿ dfq} u'dfpg' x'G5 . To;f] ePtf klg tkfOn] s] lhTg ;Sg'x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] s'g} ;Ldf 5}g .

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;fgf]b]lv pRr :yfg;Dd

Joj;fosf] If]q M c6f] ljqm]tf / ;]jf

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Joj;fosf] gd"gf

c6f]jN8{ sDkgL 6«fl;Nj]lgof /f]dflgofsf] dWo efusf] s'Nhdf cjl:yt 5 . ;g\ !(() df /fhgLlts kl/jt{g cfO;s]kl5, of]cfg d]]h]On]] Psn ;fgf] c6f] dd{t k;nnfO{ cf]8L (Audi) / eL 8An' (VW) gfds a|f08df a[xt\ ¿kdf ;~rfng u/] . clxn] pgsf] sDkgLdf em08} b'O{;o hgf sfdbf/x¿ 5g\ h;n] sf/ ljqmL ug]{ / dd{t ug]{ sfd u5{g\ . s'Nh ;x/df b'O{j6f cfw'lgs k|bz{gL sf]7fx¿ 5g\, Pp6f cf]8L (Audi) sf] nflu csf]{ eL 8An'sf] (VW) nflu, of] ;x/n] c6f]jN8{sf] lglDt /0fgLlts dxTj /fVb5 .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

!= ;fwf/0f c6f] ld:qLb]lv k|aGws;Dd

of]cfg d]h]O Pp6f k|aGws eP/ hlGdPsf lyPgg\ . pgL ;w}F nugzLn lyP / sf/sf] leqL kf6{k'hf{df sfd ug{ Psbd} pT;flxt x'Gy] . ;a} k|sf/sf sf/sf d'lgkl§ sfd ub{} cyjf df]6/df c8]; nufP/ cfˆgf] 3/sf] k5fl8kl§sf] cfFugdf w]/} jif{ latfPsf lyP . /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 ;–;fgf Jofj;flos pBdLx¿sf] k|j4g ug]{ /f]dsf]d (ROMCOM) ;+:yfn] /f]dflgofdf ;~rfng u/]sf] Pp6f uf]i7Ldf efu lnPkl5 pgn] cfkm"df ePsf] ;Defjgfsf] dx;'; u/]sf lyP . cfˆgf] sDkgLnfO{ ljsf;sf] 7'nf] km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sg] OR5f pgLleq hfu]/ cfof], / of] km8\sf] Pp6f lgdGq0ff kqaf6 ;'?jft ePsf] lyof] . ToxL uf]i7Ldf ;xefuL Pshgfn] eL 8An' (VW) ;Fu ;Dks{ lng ;xhLs/0f ul/lbP / pgnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug{ k|:tfj ul/of] . To;kl5 sfo{n] ;lqmo¿k lnof] . d]h]Osf] sfo{:yn cTofw'lgs k|ljlwn] ;';lHht kfl/of], sf/x¿sf] ;/;kmfO{ / dd{tsf] cnfjf pgn] gofF sf/x¿ ljqmL ug]{ sfd klg ;'?jft u/] . o;/L pgsf] bL3{sfnLg ;kmntfsf] syf ;'? ePsf]] lyof] .

@= 7'nf] nufgL ubf{ x'g] hf]lvdx¿

of]cfg d]h]On] ;]jf ;'ljwf / k|bz{gL:yn ;lxt cfw'lgs ejgx¿ lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ 7'nf] dfqfsf] k"FhLnfO{ nufgL ug{ l;Sg' k/]sf] lyof], hf] C0fsf] ¿kdf lnPsf lyP . pgn] gofF sf/x¿ vl/b ug{sf] nflu klg nufgL ug'{kb{Yof] . d]h]Osf] nflu of] s'/f] ckl/lrt lyof] / ;'?df t o;n] pgnfO{ eoeLt t'NofPsf] lyof] . pgn] tTsfn} 7'nf] kl/df0fsf] /sd ;DxfNg / hf]lvdx¿sf] d"NofÍg ug{ l;Sg'k/]sf] lyof] .

#= ahf/sf] ptf/ r9fj;Fu;Fu} Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'

jiffF}{;Ddsf] lg/Gt/ d'gfkmf sdfO{;s]kl5, pgn] cefjsf] ;do klg cg'ej u/]sf lyP . cl3Nnf jif{x¿df dxTjk"0f{ ;|f]tx¿ lgdf{0f u/]sf x'gfn] dfq} pgsf] sDkgL l6Sg ;s]sf] lyof] . pgsf] k|d'v k"FhL eg]sf] g} pgsf] !&# hgf sfdbf/x¿ lyP , oBlk oL sfdbf/x¿n] pgsf] lglZrt nfutsf] 7'nf] lx:;f cf]u6]sf lyP . Pp6f :ki6 ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] cfjZostf k/]sf] lyof] .

$= rfF8} g} pQ/flwsf/Lsf] tof/L

of]cfg d]h]On] pQ/flwsf/L tof/ kfg]{ ljifonfO{ ;dodfg} ;Daf]wg u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] cfˆgf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ ld:qLsf]] tflnddf / Joj;fosf] k|zf;gdf /fd|f];Fu tflnd lbP/ ;dodf g} lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ kb lbPsf lyP . kl5 pgn] sDkgLsf] g]t[Tjsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ klg pgLx¿df x:tfGt/0f ul/ lbP, / pgn] kbf{ k5fl8 a;]/ cfˆgf] cg'ejsf] cyfx ;DklQaf6 pgLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf u/] / cfh klg ul//x]sf 5g\ .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= ha sf/ dd{t ;Def/ / ;]jfx¿ k|ltli7t 9+un] ul/G5, ta u|fxsx¿;Fu e/f];fsf] ulx/f] ;DaGw :yflkt x'G5 .

of]cfg d]h]Osf] sfo{ynf] ;fgf] :t/af6 ;'? ePsf] lyof], t/ klg pgsf] sfo{ s'zntf ;wF} cfb/ ug{ nfossf] lyof] . pgsf u|fxsx¿ pgsf] ld:qL;DaGwL v'aLaf6 cToGt ;Gt'i6 lyP . o;n] e/f];f pTkGg u/fPsf] lyof] / u|fxsnfO{ kmls{P/ cfpg] jftfj/0f agfPsf] lyof] .

@= ;xL a|fG8sf] 5gf]6

d]h]Osf] lglDt eL 8An' (VW) 5fGg' / kl5 To;df cf]8L (Audi) yKg' pTs[i6 lg0f{o lyof] . hd{gLsf oL a|fG8x¿ /f]dflgofnLx¿ aLrdf cTolws k|Voft 5g\ . hd{gLsf] u'0f:t/ / ljZj k|l;4 a|f08x¿n] u|fxsx¿df Ps k|sf/sf] ;'/Iff / k|lti7fsf] efjgf lbnfpF5 .

#= b[Zojfg pkl:ylt / cfsf/

le 8An' ÷cf]8L ( VW / Audi) ;Fu ul/Psf ;Dem}tfdf w]/} cj:yfx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf lyP . tL dWo]df /0fgLlts¿kn] dxTjk"0f{ ;x/sf b'O{ :yfgx¿df uf8L ;lj{l;ª\u / zf]?dnfO{ 5'6\6f 5'6\6} :ynx¿df lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ bfloTj lyof] . d]h]Osf] lglDt 7'nf] vr{ ug'{kg]{ lyof] . To;f] eP tfklg oL gofF :ynx¿n] pgnfO{ Jofks ¿kdf sf/x¿nfO{ b]lvg]u/L k|:t't ug{ ;lsof] / w]/} gofF u|fxsx¿ ylklbof] .

$= hf]lvdx¿

ha sDkgLsf] j[l4 x'G5 To;;Fu} cfjZos nufgLx¿ klg j[l4 x'G5g\ . k};f ;fk6L lng' ckl/xfo{ aG5 . aflx/L ¿kn] x]bf{ ;kmn x'G5 eGg] kSsf lyPg / klg pgn] Pp6f pBdzLntfsf] hf]lvd p7fPsf lyP .

%= cfˆgf] kl/jf/nfO{ PsLs[t agfpg'

c6f]jN8{ (Autoworld) Pp6f kfl/jfl/s sDkgL lyof] / clxn] klg 5 . pgsf] >LdtL Plnzfj]6fn] ;w}F cfly{s s'/fx¿nfO{ ;DxflN5g\ . pgsf 5f]/fx¿ / wd{k'qx¿ tflnd k|fKt ld:qLx¿ x'g\ / Joj;fo k|zf;gsf] cWoog klg u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L sDkgLnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf of]ubfg lbgsf] nflu ltgLx¿ ;a} /fd|/L ;'–;lHht ePsf lyP .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= k|ltli7t sfo{k|bz{gn] kl/0ffd NofpFb5 . / klg, ¿k}of k};f sdfpg dfq} sDkgLsf] klxn] k|fyldstf xF'g'xF'b}g . Tof]eGbf a9L ;Gt'i6 u|fxsx¿ / km]l/ kmsL{ cfpg] u|fxsx¿ dxTjk"0f{ x'g\ . o;sf] lglDt u'0f:t/o'Qm sfo{ / JolQmut ¿kdf u|fxsx¿;Fu e/f];fof]Uo ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ cfjZos kb{5 .

@= Pp6f bz{g x'g' / hf]lvdx¿ p7fpg' o;sf] Ps efu xf] . jt{dfgsf] oyfl:yltdfly k|Zg ug'{ / gofF ;Defjgfx¿ kQf nufpg' ;fy{s x'G5 . gofF / ckl/lrt If]qx¿df kfOnf rfNbf ;wF} hf]lvd ;dfj]z ePsf] x'G5 . o;sf lj/f]wdf cfpg] ts{x¿ s] s] x'g\ <

#= k[i7e"lddf /x]/ ;xof]uLsf] e"ldsfdf sfd ug]{ dflg;x¿ x'g' cTofjZos x'G5 . olb s'g} JolQm pRr ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ rfxG5 eg] lj:t[t s'/fx¿k|lt Wofg lbg' cfjZos x'G5 . clwsf+z ;dodf u'0f:t/nfO{ kl5 cg'udg ul/G5 Vofn ul/Fb}g .

$= ha ;kmn Joj;foLn] af]Nb5 x/]sn] Wofg lbP/ ;'Gb5g\ .

Pp6f ckl/lrt c6f] ld:qLsf] ?kdf d]h]Osf] zAbn] cfd dflg;sf] aLrdf Tolt 7'nf] cy{ af]s]sf] lyPg . t/ clxn] Pp6f ;kmn Joj;foLsf] ¿kdf dflg;x¿n] pgnfO{ lrGb5g\ / uDeL/ ¿kdf lnG5g\ .

cf/gf]; M a]/f]huf/Lb]lv pBdL;Dd

Joj;fosf] If]q M kf:tf pTkfbg

www.arnos.ro

Joj;fosf] gd"gf

cf/gf]; sDkgL ;g\ !((@ df Pp6f kfl/jfl/s sDkgLsf] ¿kdf :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] / clxn] /f]dflgofdf rf}yf] 7'nf] kf:tf pTkfbgstf{sf] ¿kdf v8f ePsf] 5 . !)) hgf sfdbf/x¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbFb} o;n] tfhf c08f ld;fP/ kf:tf agfpF5 / ;'k klg kf:tfsf] ;fydf ;dfj]z ub{5 . o;n] cfˆgf] pTkfbgx¿ :yfgLo Jofkf/L / uf]bfdx¿af6 6«fl;Nj]lgofdf ljt/0f u5{ . /f]dflgofdf t];|f] 7'nf] pTkfbgstf{ aGg ;sf];\ eg]/ ljsf;sf] km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sg] Pp6f nufgLstf{nfO{ cf/gf]; ljqmL ul/Psf] lyof] .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

cf/gf]; sDkgLsf] Oltxf; ;g\ !((@ df ;'? x'G5 . /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 cfly{s cj:yf sl7g lyof] . /f]dflgofnLx¿sf] qmozlQm sdhf]/ lyof] . /fHoåf/f lgolGqt w]/} sDkgLx¿df kbx¿ vf/]h ul/Psf] lyof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf cf/kf8 -ljB'tLo OlGhlgo/_ / hf]g -6\ofS;L rfns_ u]o/ bfh'efOn] Pp6f clglZrt eljiosf] ;fdgf ul//x]sflyP . cfˆgf] kl/jf/nfO{ cfly{s sl7gfOaf6 dfly p7\gsf] nflu Pp6f lghL sDkgL ;'? ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf lyP . Tof] ;dodf 6«fl;Nj]lgofdf ;"k k|d'v ¿kdf k|rngdf /x]sf] ef]hg lyof] / kf:tfaf6 agfOPsf] ;"k;lxtsf] ef]hg pTkfbg ug]{ ljrf/sf] pbo ePsf] lyof] .

7Ls To;} ;dodf /f]dflgofdf ePsf] ;fgf tyf demf}}nf sDkgLnfO{ C0f, tflnd / k/fdz{ lbP/ ;xfotf k'¥ofpgsf] nflu :jLh/Nof8df lv|i6flnl; cf]i6 ldl;ofgn] /f]dsd (ROMCOM) sfo{qmd ;'?jft u/]sf] lyof] . u]o/ bfh'efOn] pgLx¿sf] ;f] ;'ljwfaf6 kmfObf lnP / Pp6f Jofj;flos gd"gf ljsl;t u/]sf lyP . ;'?sf] nufgLn] cfˆgf] 3/k5fl8sf] cfFugdf ePsf] ;fgf] 5fk|f]df pgLx¿n] !%) s]=hL kf:tf pTkfbg ug{ ;Ifd ePsf lyP . kl/0ffd:j¿k pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ / arfP/ csf]{ k6s nufgL ug{ k'Ug] hlt cDbfgL u/]sf lyP . o;} cjlwdf pgLx¿n] uf]i7Lx¿df efu lnP/ Jofj;flos ahf/Ls/0fsf tl/sfx¿ l;s] . Pskl5 csf]{ k|oTg ub}{ ljZjJofkL dfkb08 k|df0fLs/0f (ISO) geP;Dd pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] pTkfbg / ahf/nfO{ lj:tf/ ul//x] . clxn] pgLx¿sf] pTkfbg klZrd o"/f]ksf] dfkb08;Fu d]n vfG5 / k|lt dlxgf %)) d]l6 « s 6g Ifdtfsf] 5 .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

u]o/ bfhefOn] cf/gf]; :yfkgf u/]sf] a]nf, cg'ej gePsf] Joj;fodf k|j]z ug]{ ;fx; u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿;Fu g kf:tf pTkfbgsf] 1fg lyof] g t Joj;fo k|zf;g ;DaGwLtsf] g} 1fg lyof] . pgLx¿nfO{ olt dfq yfxf lyof] ls, pgLx¿ 7'nf] vfFrf]df 5g\ . pgLx¿ a]/f]huf/ lyP, cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ k};f lyPg / eljio clglZrt lyof] . To;f] eP tfklg pgLx¿;Fu Pp6f bz{g lyof] / gofF ;Defjgf vf]lh ug{ rfxGy] / s]xL ckl/lrt s'/fsf] k|of; ug{ rfxGy] . pgLx¿n] lgDg k|lqmofx¿ kf/ u/] M

!= ;"k ;lxtsf] kf:tfsf] dfu 5 eGg] s'/f klxrfg ug'{

of] ljrf/ ;fdfGo h:tf] nfU5 . t/ s;} g s;}n] cj;/ b]Vg' kb{Yof] / Jojxf/df ptfg'{ kb{Yof] .

@= kf:tf pTkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ 1fgx¿ k|fKt ug'{

Tof] ;dodf OG6/g]6 rngsf] ljifo lyPg . To;}n] u]o/ bfhefOn] cfjZos kg]{ 1fgx¿ k':tsx¿af6 / ljb]zL pTkfbsx¿åf/f ;'emfjx¿ lng' k/]sf] lyof] .

#= sDkgL :yfkgf / Joj:yf ug{ cfwf/e"t cfly{s 1fg k|fKt ug'{

lv|i6nL;L cf]i6 ldl;of]gsf] /f]dsd (ROMCOM) gfds sfo{qmdn] u]o/ bfh'efOnfO{ ljsf; ;xfotfsf] ¿kdf o; k|sf/sf] ;xfotf a[xt\ dfqdf pknAw u/fOlbPsf] lyof] .

$= pTkfbg ug]{ d]l;gx¿ / vktul/g] sRrfkbfy{sf] lglDt nufgL ug'{

Tof] ;dodf /f]dflgofdf ;fgf sDkgLsf] lglDt a}+saf6 C0f lng' ;Dej lyPg . To;}n] /f]dsd (ROMCOM) sfo{qmdåf/f lv|i6nL;L cf]i6 ldl;of]gn] k|j]z u¥of] / sDkgLnfO{ pwf/f] pknJw u/fO{lbof] .

%= pTkfbgdf ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ / aflx/L sfdbf/x¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{ tflnd lbg'

pTkfbg ubf{ tnadf nfUg] vr{nfO{ arfpg kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿n] sfd ug'{kYof]{ . of] ;fd'lxs sfo{n] sDkgLnfO{ ljQLo¿kdf d'gfkmf dfq lbPg t/ o;n] ljz]if k|sf/sf] kfl/jfl/s cflTdotfsf] efjgf ;[hgf ul/lbof] h'g clxn];Dd klg /lx/x]sf] 5 . aflx/L ¿kn] x]bf{ j:t'' u'0f:t/o'Qm 5 eg]/ u|fxsx¿nfO{ ljZj:t kfg'{kb{Yof]] / k|lt:kwL{x¿af6 sDkgLnfO{ km/s b]vfpg' kb{Yof] .

^= ljt/0fsf] ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug'{ .

of] sfd sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkssf] lyof] . pgn] klxn]b]lv g} cfˆgf] ;Dks{df ePsf Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ cf/gf]; kf:tfsf] u'0f:t/sf] af/]df ljZjf; lbnfpg ;Ifd ePsf lyP . ;Gt'li6 k|fKt u/]sf u|fxsx¿n] nut}} cem kf:tf dufpgsf] lglDt cf/gf];;Fu ;Dks{ u/]sflyP .

&= sDkgLsf] b'|t j[l4nfO{ ;DxfNg'

cf/gf]; pTkfbgx¿sf] dfu b|'t ultdf j[l4 ePsf]n] pTkfbg If]qx¿ / ;'ljwfx¿ w]/} lj:tf/ ug'{ cfjZos x'g uof] . a9\bf] sfdbf/x¿nfO{ Jofj;flos Joj:yfkgsf] cf}hf/x¿sf] vfFrf] k/]sf] lyof] . kl/kSj x'Fb}F uO/x]sf] ahf/df j:t''x¿ cfw'lgs tl/sfn] k|:t't ug'{kb{Yof] . ha cfly{s hf]lvdx¿sf] j[l4 x'G5, ta Jofj;flos cfly{s Joj:yfkgsf] cfjZos k5{ .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= olb ;+s6nfO{ klxrfg ug{ ;lsof] / ;xL tl/sfn] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsof] eg], o;n] ljzfn cj;/x¿ lnP/ cfpg ;S5g\ .

@= ahf/sf cj;/x¿nfO{ klxrfg ug{sf] lglDt cfˆgf] cfFvf / sfg v'nf /fVg'kb{5 .

#= ;d:ofx¿nfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ kG5fpg ;lsFb}g . s]xL ;dosf] dgg\ ul/;s]kl5 tTsfn} To;sf] ;fdgf ul/g'kb{5 .

$= Pp6f kl/jf/åf/f sDkgL lgdf{0f ug{sf]nflu, kl/jf/aLrdf JolQmut ;DaGwsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf;sf] klg vfFrf] kb{5 .

%= b'|t j[l4 ePsf]] sDkgLn] ;docg';f/ ;xefuLx¿af6 ;dfof]hgsf] dfu ub{5 .

^= ;do cfPkl5 pBdLn] slt s'/fx¿ 5f]8\g klg tof/ x'g'kb{5 .

/f]dsf]d (ROMCOM) c¿x¿sf] lglDt kfOnf 6]Sg] 7fpF aGof]

Joj;fosf] If]q M C0f, tflnd / k/fdz{ lbP/ ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug{]

www.romcom.ro

Jofj;flos gd"gf

/f]dflgofsf] cf]/fl8ofdf ePsf] /f]dsd (ROMCOM) ;+:yf lv|i6nLl; cf]i6 ldl;of]gsf] Pp6f kl/of]hgfaf6 ;'/m ePsf] lyof], /f]dflgofdf ePsf ;fgf tyf demf}nf cfsf/sf sDkgLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf lbg' o;sf] p2]Zo lyof] . of] sfo{qmdn] tLgj6f If]qdf sfd u/]sf] 5 h;df C0f pknAw u/fpg], tflnd lbg] / k/fdz{ lbg] kb{5 . @) jif{kl5 of] kl/of]hgf sDkgLx¿sf] Pp6f Jofj;flos ;d"xdf ljsl;t ePsf] lyof] .

••

ROMCOM kmfpG8];g cleefjsLo ;+:yf xf], h;n] o;;Fu hf]l8Psf cGo d'gfkmf / d'gfkmf/lxt ;xfos ;+:yfx¿nfO{ Joj:yfkg ub{5 .

••

ROMCOM MFI AG cflwsfl/s dfOs|f] ljQLo nufgL ug]{ ;+:yf xf], h;n] pBdLx¿nfO{ C0f pknAw u/fpFb5 .

•

ROMCOM nufgL lnld6]8 Pp6f k/fdz{ lbg] ;+:yf xf] h;n] cfˆgf ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ Jofj;flos of]hgf agfpg / o;sf cGt/f{li6«o pwf/f] sfo{qmdåf/f C0f k|fKt ug{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpF5 .

•

ROMCOM tflnd lnld6]8n] Jofj;flos Joj:yfkgsf uf]i7Lx¿ pknAw u/fpF5 .

•

COMUNIA kmfpG8];g ROMCOM sf] ;fdflhs zfvf xf] . o;n] /f]dflgof / cGo aflx/L d'n'sx¿df ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] If]qdf sfd ub{5 .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

!= /f]dflgofdf ePsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 ROMCOM sl7gfOsf] cj:yfaf6 pbo ePsf] lyof] .

lv|i6nL;L cf]i6 ldl;of]gsf e"tk"j{ kl/of]hgf k|aGw lgb]{zs hh{ 8'aLn] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 ;[hgf ePsf] vfFrf]sf] klxrfg u/]sflyP / ;+:yfsf] lglDt ;fgf tyf demf}nf cfsf/sf sDkgLx¿ lgdf{0f ug]{ cj;/ b]v]sf lyP . To;kl5 pgn] cfjZos kg]{ ;fwgx¿ ePsf ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu ;Dks{ :yflkt u/]sf lyP, / ROMCOM sfo{qmd ;'?jft u/]sflyP .

@= ROMCOM dfgj ;xfotfsf] nIox¿ lnP/ :yflkt ePsf] lyof] .

ROMCOM :yfkgf c¿x¿nfO{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] ljrf/n] ;'? ePsf lyof] . o; ;+:yfn] ;dodf g} C0f ltg{ ;d:of kg]{ ;]jfu|fxLx¿k|lt, w}o{ eP/ Jojxf/ ug'{kb{Yof] . ROMCOM n] cfˆgf ;fem]bf/x¿nfO{ k|lt:kwf{Tds ahf/df Jofj;flos ¿kdf k|:t't x'g cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/f a'em]/ ;fem]bf/x¿nfO{ o;df ;xfotf u/]sf lyP . Joj;fosf dflnsx¿n] pgLx¿sf] cfly{s bfloTjnfO{ ;+:yfn] vf]h]sf] dfkb08cg';f/ k"/f ug{ l;Sg'kg]{ lyof] .

#= ROMCOM bIf sDkgLx¿sf] ;d"x aGg] u/L j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

ROMCOM n] cfˆgf] ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] dfq xf]Og, t/ ROMCOM n] klg ;fdflhs bfloTjnfO{ jxg ug{ l;Sg'k/]sf] lyof] . o;/L, ROMCOM klZrdL bftfx¿sf] ;xfotf ljgf g} cfkm} :jfjnDaL x'g ;Ifd ePsf]lyof] .

$= ROMCOM sf] gd"gf cGo d"n'sx¿df klg lj:tf/ ePsf]lyof] . oxL z}nLnfO{ lslu{:tfg, df]N8fljof, cNjfgLof, leotgfd / g]kfndf klg ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= of]Uo / OR5's :yfgLo ;fem]bf/x¿sf] 5gf]6

;xL ;fem]bf/sf] 5gf]6 ug]{ s'/f Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o;df ;kmn x'gsf] nflu ;do / k};fsf] nufgL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . c;Ifd ;fem]bf/x¿n] ;a} s'/f ajf{b kfl/lbg;S5 eg], ;Ifd ;fem]bf/x¿n] cjwf/0ff / ;kmntf b'j}}nfO{ u'0ffTds tl/sfn] j[l4 u/fpg ;S5 .

@= Joj;fo k|zf;gsf] lglDt k|lzIf0f cfwf/e"ts'/f xf]

of] egfO ;fFrf] xf], æ;s];Dd sd l;4fGt / rflxg] hlt dfqÆ . Joj;fo k|zf;gsf] lglDt cfjZos s'/fx¿ yfxf kfpg' kb{5 / o;nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ul/g'kb{5 .

#= Jofj;flos of]hgfx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ .

cfjZos k/]sf] v08df, Jofj;flos k/fdz{bftfx¿n] pBdLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf lbG5g\ .

$= ODdfg'Pn ljZjljBfnodf k|fWofksTj

cfly{s ljsf; / ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] lglDt dfl/of] a|'Nxdgsf] cWoIftfn] Joj:yfkgsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ROMCOM sf cg'ejx¿af6 l;Sg] cj;/ lbPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] cg'ejL ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf lj1x¿af6 sIffdf lzIff ;'Gg ;S5g\ / k[i7e"ld cWoogsf] ¿kdf ROMCOM nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;S5g\ . cem a9L eGg'kbf{ cWoog ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ug{sf] nflu ROMCOM n] ul/aLsf] kl/l:yltaf6 cfPsf] s]xL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fpF5 .

%= ;fdflhs k|ltj4tf

COMUNIA kmfpG8]zgsf] dfWodåf/f 3/]n' / ljb]zL ;fdflhs kl/of]hgfx¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ (ROMCOM) sDkgLx¿nfO{ cf+lzs ¿kdf s/ 5'6 ul/G5 . pgLx¿n] of] cj;/nfO{ k|of]u ub{5g\ . s]xL pBdLx¿n] t cfˆgf ;xsdL{nfO{ cGo d'n'sx¿df sDkgL ;'?jft ug{sf] nflu cfˆgf] ;do / cg'ejx¿ lbg] ub{5g\ .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= s;} g s;}n] vfrfFsf] klxrfg ug'{kb{5 / ;dfwfgdf k'Ug] af6f] kQf nufpg' kb{5 . ;'?jftsf] r/0fdf w]/} cjwf/0ffx¿sf] cfjZostf kb}{g t/ 7'nf] dfqfdf ;dfg'e"lt / k|lta4tfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

@= cg'ejx¿ d"Nofª\sg ul/G5 ;f]xL cg'¿k sfo{qmdx¿sf] ljsf; ul/G5 . c;n kl/0ffdx¿n] t'?Gt} cGo ljQLo ;|f]tx¿ tkm{ 8f]¥ofpF5 , of] l:j; ;/sf/nfO{ klg nfu" x'G5 . ;/sf/nfO{ :ki6 nIox¿ :yflkt ug{ / ltgLx¿sf] k|ultnfO{ cg'udg ug{ bIf kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] cfjZostf x'G5 .

#= ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfaf6 dfgjLo ;xfotf pknAw u/fpFb} cfkm} ;Ifd aGgsf] nflu ;xfotf k'¥ofpg Jofj;flos sfo{sf] vfFrf] kb{5 .

$= ;xL tl/sfn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ sDkgLx¿ u'0ffTds aGb5g\ . pgLx¿n] /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfzf / b[li6sf]0f pknJw u/fO{lbG5g\ . pgLx¿n] c¿x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] pbfx/0fcg';f/ ug{ clek|]l/t ub{5g\ .

c8fsf]gL M :jefljs ¿kdf Jofj;flos r]tgf tyf g}ltstf ePsf pBdLx ¿

Joj;fosf] If]q M :6]zg/L cfk"lt{

www.adaconi.ro

Jofj;flos gd"gf

c8fsf]gL (Adaconi) :6]zg/L cfk"lt{ ug]{ /f]dflgofnL sDkgL xf] h;df %) hgf sfdbf/ /x]sf 5g\ . o;n] d'Vo u/]/ /fi6«JofkL Jofkf/ ;~hfnåf/f cfˆgf Jofj;flos u|fxsx¿nfO{ cfk"lt{ ub{5 . o;sf] pTkfbgsf] If]q a[xt\ 5 h;df ;Dk"0f{ :6]zg/Lsf ;fdu|Lx¿ Jofj;flos b]lv lnP/ JolQmut u|fxsx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fpF5g\ . c8fsf]gLn] sDKo"6/sf kf6{k"hf{x¿sf] dfu 5 eg]/ ;'?df g} kQf nufPsf] lyof] / /f]dflgofel/ g} a[xt\ ¿kdf sDKo'6/sf kf6{k"hf{x¿ pknAw u/fP . p;n] /fli6«o / ljZjJofkL ahf/af6 cfˆgf lglDt ;fdu|L vl/b ub{5 . o;sf] d'Vo vl/b ;|f]tx¿dWo] o;sf] Pp6f ;|f]t k|mofª\skm6{df cfof]hgf x'g] jflif{s d;nGb cfk"lt{ Jofkf/d]nf k]k/jN8{ xf] .

ljz]if ljzif]tfx¿

d]l;g/L OlGhlgo/ ld/hLof g]O{sf]gL c8fsf]gLsf ;+:yfks x'g\ . pgL :jfefljs ¿kdf g} Jofj;flos x'g\ . To;sf/0fn] ljZjljBfnoaf6 bLlIft x'g] lalQs} pgn] cfˆgf ;fyLx¿;Fu ldn]/ Pp6f ljZjJofkL Jofkf/ Joj;fo vf]n]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] ahf/df slkmb]lv lnP/ h'Qf, l6=eL= / r'Oud;Dd h] e]§fP ToxL a]r] / ;kmntf klg k|fKt u/] . To;f] eP tfklg pRr Jofhb/ / d'b|f:kmLltsf] sf/0fn] pgLx¿n] k|fKt ub}{ cfPsf gfkmf u'dfP / o;/L pgLx¿sf] ;kmntfsf] efUo cGTo eof] .

ld/hLof g]O{sf]gLn] o;af7 kf7 l;s]sf lyP . pgn] w]/} lsl;dsf j:t'x¿sf] Joj;fo u/]sf sf/0fn] s'g rfFlx Joj;fodf al9 gfkmf sdfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfPsf lyP / pgn] :6]zg/L cfk"lt{sf] If]qdf nfluk/] . c8fsf]gLsf] lglDt of] Joj;fon] husf] ¿kdf sfd u¥of] . ;'?df pgn] cfˆg} sf/ Joj;fosf] lglDt k|of]u u/] / pgsf] ;fyLn] Joj;fo sf]7f ef8f lt/]/ yfngL u/]sflyP .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= u|fxs ;Dks{

ld/hLof g]O{sf]gLn] k|mofª\skm6{df ePsf] k]k/jN8{sf] Jofkf/d]nfdf cfjZos ;Dks{x¿ :yflkt u/] . cfˆgf] Joj;fosf] :t/nfO{ oL dxTjk"0f{ a|f08sf] sf/0fn] pTs[i6 kl/ro u/fpg ;Ifd ePsf lyP . w]/} kl/df0fdf ljqmL ug{ ;s]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ pgnfO{ /f]dflgofdf s]xL lglZrt a|f08x¿sf] j:t' ljqmL ug{sf] lglDt ljlzi6 clwsf/x¿ ;d]t kfPsflyP .

@=k|ltlglwTjsf] ;~hfn

c8fsf]gLn] /fi6«JofkL k|ltlglwTjsf] ;~hfn lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] / aiff}{kl5 cfˆgf] d'gfkmfx¿df j[l4ug{ ;Ifd ePsf]lyof] .

#= /0fgLlts sfo{qmdx¿sf] af/]df

ld/hLof g]O{sf]gLn] ;'?df g} /0fgLlts ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x¿ k|bz{g ug{sf] nflu k|Tofudg ug'{kb{5 eGg] s'/f dx;'; u/]sf lyP . k[i7e"lddf /x]/ Pp6f /0fgLlt1sf] ¿kdf b'|tultdf j[l4 eO/x]sf] cfˆgf] sDkgLnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf ;ª\ul7t ug{ ;Ifd eP/ sfd ug'{kb{Yof] . ;a} sfdsf k|lqmofx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ul/Psf] / k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] j0f{g ul/Psf] lyof] . gofF sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ 5gf]6 ug{ / ;+:yfsf] jftfj/0fdf 3'nldn x'g 7'nf] ;xfotf k'¥ofof] . o;n] pgsf cGo sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ clwsf/ x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;xh agfOlbPsf] lyof] tfls pgnfO{ sDkgLsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;do ldNof] .

$= x[bob]lv sfd ug'{

ld/lhof g]O{sf]gLn] cfˆgf sDkgLnfO{ Jofj;flos 1fgn] dfq Joj:yfkg u/]sf lyPgg\ . pgsf] ;aeGbf 7'nf] Jofj;flos l;4fGtx¿ x[boaf6 cfPsf] 5, pgsf] lglDt Odfgbfl/tf, pTs[i6tf / dflg;x¿ k|ltsf] vf]qmf] lj1fkgsf jfSof+zx¿ dfq lyPgg\ . pgL oxL l;4fGtdf lhPsf 5g\ / cfˆgf sfdbf/x¿af6 klg To:t} rfxG5g\ . e|i6x¿sf] cg'/f]wnfO{ ;fy lbg OGsf/ u/]/ pgn] klxn] g} Jofkf/sf] y'k|} cj;/ x¿nfO{ TofuL;s]sf 5g\ . ljutnfO{ kms]{/ x]bf{ cfkm"n] ljtfPsf] ;}4flGts Jojxf/k|lt ;Gt'i6 5g\ . cfˆgf] lg/Gt/ k|oTgzLn sfo{x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ u|fxsx¿sf] rfxgf k"/f ug]{lt/ 8f]¥ofPsf] 5 eGg] dx;'; u/]sf 5g\ . ld/lhofsf] Odfgbf/Ltfn] ubf{ w]/} u|fxsx¿sf] lglDt j:t' vl/b ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ ag]sf] 5 .

%= a|f08 d'vL

c8fsf]lgn] cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf k|Voft a|f08x¿;Fu sfd ub{5 . o;n] sDkgLsf] b|'t ljsf;nfO{ j[l4 u/fO{lbPsf] 5 . bL3{sfnsf] lglDt cf8fsf]gLnfO{ cfˆg} a|f08 "DACO" n] :yflkt ub}{ 5 .

^= sfdbf/x¿sf] ljsf;sf] cj;/x¿

c8fsf]gLn] cfˆgf sfdbf/x¿nfO{ sDkgL;Fu} j[l4 x'g] cj;/ lbPsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f sfdbf/x¿ klg Joj:yfklso kbx¿df k'Ug ;Sb5g\ .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= slxn]sxLF w]/} cjwf/0ffut sfo{x¿ lagfklg :jt:km"t{ ¿kdf Jofj;flos ;+;f/df k|j]z ug{ ;lsG5 . of] ;'?jftsf] r/0fdf w]/} k};f sdfpg' geP/ Joj;fosf d"Nojfg cg'ejx¿ ;ª\ufNg' dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

@= ha s'g} s'/f uDeL/ x'G5, u'0ffTds tl/sfn] ahf/sf] :kli6s/0f ug'{ / ljlzi6 nIox¿ lgwf{/0f ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o;df ;fwf/0f Joj;fosf] of]hgf ;dfj]z ePsf] x'G5 . of]hgfx¿ kl/jt{g ubf{ w]/} vr{ nfUb}g . To;f] eP tfklg kl5 unt lg0f{onfO{ ;'wf/ ug'{kbf{ w]/} dxËf] kg{ hfG5 .

#= cfly{s nIox¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{sf] cnfjf, sDkgL / sfdbf/x¿sf] lglDt ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ d"NodfGotfx¿ kl/eflift ug'{ / ;f]xL cg'¿k lhpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

$= ahf/Ls/0fdf cfsif{s gfdn] a|f08 lgdf{0fdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . cfˆg} a|f08 lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu w]/} k};f / ;do vr{ x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ a|f08 lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ sDkgLsf] ;'?jftb]lv g} ug'{kb{5 .

%= b'|tultdf j[l4ePsf] sDkgLsf] lglDt ;+/rgf / sfo{ ug]{ k|lqmof nrsbf/ x'g'kb{5 h'g sDkgL ;Fu;Fu} j[l4 x'g;Sb5 . lg0f{osf] af6f] 5f]6f] / :ki6 x'g'kb{5 . dxTjk"0f{ hfgsf/Lx¿ sDkgLsf] cu|efudf k|:t't ul/g'kb{5 .

^= sfdbf/x¿sf] JolQmut ljsf;sf] cjnf]sg ug'{ / To;df ;xfotf k'¥ofpg' pko'Qm x'G5 . sfdbf/x¿sf] akmfbf/Lsf] efjgf, bIftfsf] ljsf; / rl/qsf] lgdf{0f geO{gx'g] s'/f x'g\ .

a|bz{ df]lan M Pp6f kfl/jfl/s Joj;fosf] l;Sg ;lsg] pbf/x0f

Joj;fosf] If]q M kmlg{r/ hf]Og/L -sfi7snf_

Joj;fosf] gd"gf

zd"Pn P]n]s]; Ps kfl/jfl/s JolQm x'g\ . /f]dflgofdf ePsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 pgn] /f]dflgofsf] ;fnfp eGg] ;x/df Pp6f ;kmn kfl/jfl/s Joj;fo v8f u/]sf lyP . cfh pgsf] 5f]/f h;sf] gfd klg a'afsf] h:t} zd"Pn P]n]s]; xf], pgn] sDkgLnfO{ cu'jfO ug]{df lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]sf 5g\ . nueu $) hgf sd{rf/L;Fu} pgn] 3/]n' nufot ljb]zL ahf/sf] lglDt sf7sf ;fdu|Lx¿ pTkfbg ub{5g\ .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

o;f] x]bf{ a'af zd"Pn Pn]s]; d'lZsn}n] Pp6f ;kmn pBdL h:tf b]lvG5g\ . pgn] cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] lglDt w]/} nufgL u/]sf 5g\, pgsf] cfˆg} $ j6f ;Gtfg 5g\ / b'O{ hgfnfO{ wd{k'qsf] ¿kdf cª\ufn]sf 5g\ / pgn] cfˆgf] 3/df d]n ldnfk sfod /fv]sf 5g\ . pgn] s;}nfO{ klg lrQ b'vfpg rfxb}gg\ . pgn] cfˆgf] ;a} ;DaGwx¿nffO{ xf]lzof/Lk"j{s sfod /fv]sf 5g\ / pgL;Fu w]/} bL3{sfnLg ldqtfx¿ 5g\ . pgn] ;fdflhs bfloTjnfO{ lnb5g\ / dflg;x¿k|lt k|]defj b]vfpb5g\ . pgn] sf7sf ;fdu|Lx¿ hf]8]/ lgdf{0f ubf{ Psbd} 7Ls / e/kbf]{ ¿kdf sfd k"/f ub{y] . pgsf] lglDt k};f sdfpg' k|d'v nIo xf]Og, t/ /fd|f] eljio lgdf{0f ug{sf] lglDt d'gfkmf Pp6f cfjZostf xf] . cfˆgf] sDkgL ;'?jft ug'{sf] lg0ff{os tTj eg]sf] ljz]ifu/]/ cfˆgf] afnjRrfsf] pHHjn eljio lgdf{0f ug{sf] lglDt lyof] . pgL pBdL aGg'eGbf cufl8 sfi7 ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug]{ ;/sf/L sDkgLdf sfdbf/ lyP h;n] l:j8]gsf] sDkgL cfOlsof (IKEA) sf] lglDt pTkfbg ub{Yof] .

pgn] cfˆgf] sDkgL tLghgf Jofkf/Ls ;fem]bf/sf] ;+o'Qm nugfLdf ;'? u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿sf] ;xof]uåf/f g} cTofjZos d]l;g / ;'ljwfx¿ lsGg ;Ifd ePsf lyP . sDkgLn] rf8} g} ultlng ;Ifd ePsf] lyof] . To;f] eP tfklg w]/} jif{kl5 ;+:yfksx¿ aLrsf] km/s OR5f / JolQmTj g} afws aGg k'u]sf] lyof] . o;sf/0f sDkgL leq gofF /0fgLltx¿ ljsf; ug{{ sl7g ePsf] lyof] . o;/L pgLx¿sf] ;fem]bf/L zfGtLk"0f{ / xflb{s ;f}xfb{tfdf cGTo ePsf] lyof] . o:tf] cj:yfsf] sf/0fn] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ dfly emg\ a9L lhDd]jf/Lx¿ ylkPsf] lyof] . o;/L Pp6f ;fFrf] kfl/jfl/s sDkgLsf] hu :yflkt x'g uPsf] lyof] . clxn] of] sDkgLnfO{ bf];|f] k':tfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . a'af zd"Pnn] cfjZos k/]sf] v08df kbf{ k5fl8 /x]/ ;xfotf ub{5g\ .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= kl/jt{g cfkm} xf];\ eg]/ k|ltIffdf a:g'eGbf cfˆgf] bfloTj xf] egL 7fGg' .

;g\ !(() df /f]dflgofdf ePsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 d'n'sdf s]xL klg afFsL lyPg . ;/sf/4f/f ;~rflnt w]/} 3f6fdf uPsf sDkgLnfO{ aGb ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . a]/f]huf/L b/ pRr lyof] eg] /f]dflgofnL hgtfx¿sf] qmozlQm Psbd} Go"g lyof] . gofF sDkgL ;'?jft ug{sf]nflu oL k|lts"n kl/l:yltx¿ lyP . hf]lvd pRr lyof] . To;f] eP tfklg s]xL klg gu/L k|ltIff u/]/ al;/xg' emg} a9L vt/gfs x'g] lyof] . zd"Pn Pn]s];n] of] a'em]sf lyP / cj;/x¿ vf]hL ul//x]sf lyP . pgn] b]v]sf] ;dfwfgsf] pkfo eg]sf] :jb]zdf pTkflbt j:t'x¿sf] lgof{t ug'{ lyof] . cfOsLof / sgkmf]/fdf h:tf klZrdf sDkgLx¿n] /f]dflgofdf sd tnadf sfdug]{, /f]dflgofnLsf] wgL k/Dk/f / sfi7snf k|zf]wgdf ljz]if1tfaf6 d'gfkmf sdfpg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf ?lr /fv]sflyP .

@= ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu sDkgL ;'?jft ug'{

tLghfg ;fyLx¿sf] ;xfotf / cfkm"n] arfPsf] k};faf6 zd"Pnn] Pp6f ;fgf] sfi7snf ;'? u/]sf lyP . cfˆgf JolQmut ;fyLx¿sf] / cfd dflg;sf] b[li6sf]0fdf pgn] klxnfb]lv g} cfb/of]Uo ePsfn] / :yflkt e/f];fsf] sf/0fn] Jofkf/nfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf lyP . cfˆgf Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu w]/} jif{ kl5 5'l6g' k/] tfklg ;a} ;fem]bf/x¿ ldqjt ¿kdf ljjfb/lxt eP/ 5'l6Psf lyP . lsg < x/]sn] lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmof Psbd} hl6n 5 / sDkgLsf] j[l4sf] lglDt afws 5 eGg] dx;'; u/]sf lyP . sDkgL lj:tf/sf] lglDt ljQLo nufgL ug{ ROMCOM / a}+saf6 ;fk6L lng'kg]{ ;do cfof] . o;/L sDkgLnfO{ Jofj;flos ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf cf}hf/x¿sf] vfFrf] k/]sf] lyof] .

#= kfl/jfl/s sDkgLsf] ¿kdf kl/jt{g

kfl/jfl/s sDkgL sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf] lg0f{oaf6 :yfkgf ePsf] x'Fb}g . kl/jf/sf x/]s ;b:on] cfˆgf] lglDt lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . a|b;{ df]landf klg oxL s'/f nfu" ePsf] lyof] . kfl/jfl/s e]63f6df ;a}hgfnfO{ 5nkmnsf] lglDt cfˆgf] ljrf/ /fVg] df}sf lbO{GYof], x/]s kl/jf/sf] ;b:onfO{ s] s'/fdf / slt dfqfdf ;xefuL x'g rfxG5g\ eGg] k|Zg ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 sfd / lhDd]jf/L afFl8Psf] lyof] . lbgk|ltlbg kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ cfˆgf] pBdLkgsf] e"ldsfx¿df j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf lyP . cem a9L dfqfdf eGg'kbf{ 5f]/f zfd"Pn Pn]s];n] ljlzi6 sfi7 OlGhlgo/sf] ¿kdf cfˆgf] tflnd k"/f u/]sf lyP / kl5 sDkgLsf] k|d'v JolQm ag]sf lyP . To;kl5 lj:tf/} lj:tf/} a'af zd"Pn Pn]s];n] lhDdf nufpFb} uP/ sDkgLsf] ;Nnfxsf/ / 6]jf lbg] JolQm aGg k'u] . pgn] sfdx¿, bIftfx¿ / lhDd]jf/Lx¿ lhDdf nufpFb} / c¿x¿nfO{ ;'Dkb} hfg] sfddf ;kmn ePsf lyP .

$= ahf/Ls/0fsf cf}hf/x¿sf] ¿kdf u'0f:t/ / pTkfbgsf lsl;dx¿

;'?jft b]lvg} a|b;{ df]lansf] lglDt ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ ahf/Ls/0fsf cf}hf/x¿ eg]sf] u'0f:t/Lotf / ;xL pTkfbgsf lsl;dx¿ lyof] . klZrdL ;]jfu|fxLx¿af6 lb3{sfnLg ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu pRr u'0f:t/, Ps¿ktf / sfo{z}nLsf] u'0f:t/Lotf cfjZostf kb{Yof] . sDkgLn] :jtM:km"t{ ¿kdf pRr / lg/Gt/ u'0f:t/Lotf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}glyof] . Pn]s]; -a'af / 5f]/f_ n] of] s'/f l5§} g} a'em]sf lyP . cfˆgf sfdbf/x¿sf nflu Jojl:yt tflndsf] lglDt pgLx¿n] w]/} ;do / zlQm vr{ ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIf eg]sf] ;xL dfgl;stf x'g' xf] . ;j{k|yd x/]s sfdbf/x¿n] u'0f:t/nfO{ klxrfg ug]{ / u'0f:t/af6 ePsf] aLrngnfO{ kQf nufpg ;Sg] x'g' kb{Yof] / To;kl5 pgLx¿ u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg ug{df OR5's / ;Ifd x'g' kb{Yof] . of] nfdf] / sl7g af6f] lyof] t/ o;n] Pn]s]; / x]/s sfdbf/x¿df nfu" lyof] .

%= xf]lzof/L / ;fxl;ssf ;fydf k"FhLsf] nufgL

sDkgLn] rfNg] x/]s kfOnf / j[l4sf] lglDt k"FhLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . k|foh;f] ;dodf x/]s r/0fdf yk k"FhLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . a|b;{ df]lan klg o;sf] ckjfb lyPg . a'af Pns];n] ;'?jftb]lv g} hf]lvdx¿ jxg ug{ tof/ ePsf lyP . csf]{tkm{ 5f]/f Pn]s];n] OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ug]{ qmddf ;Defljt hf]lvdx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg / lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmofdf xf]lzof/ x'g l;s]sf lyP . clt g} ;+j]bgzLn eP/ nfdf] ;do;Dd clg0f{odf /xg' vt/gfs x'g ;S5 . afa'5f]/f aLrdf x'g] 5nkmnn] sDkgLnfO{ :j:Yo ;Gt'ng agfpg ;xfotf k'u]sf] lyof] . 5f]/fn] Jofj;flos lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmof cg';f/ sfd u/]sf lyP eg] a'afn] cGt1f{g / cg'ejsf] cfwf/df sfd ub{y] . of] k|lqmofåf/f 7Ls ;do;Ldfleqdf c;n lg0f{o lng ;lsGYof] .

^= ;+s6x¿df klg lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s ;lqmo x'g'

a|b;{ df]lann] c;n ;dox¿sf] dfq cg'ej u/]sf] lyPg . ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ljzfn pQ/ r9fj / cfly{s ;+s6n] sDkgLnfO{ 7'nf] k|xf/ u/]sf] lyof] . a|b;{ df]lann] sfdbf/x¿ s6f}tL ug]{ s'/fnfO{ klg kG5fpg ;s]sf] lyPg . To;f] eP tfklg sDkgLn] sd{rf/L ;+u7gx¿ / sfg'gL bafj ljgf g} tL sfdbf/x¿nfO{ k|z:t ;'ljwfx¿ lbPsf] lyof] / pgLx¿nfO{ c¿ ;+:yfx¿df sfd k|fKt ug]{ Ifdtf j[l4df ;xfotf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . To; kl5 cGo ;+:yfx¿df sfd ug{ uPtfklg cfk;L ;DaGw ;'dw'/ lyof] . Pn]s];n] oL ;+s6sf] ;dodf sDkgLsf] gofF /0fgLltx¿ ljsf; u/]sf lyP . /f]dflgofnL k};fdf cfPsf] d'b|f l:k|mtLn] lgof{tnfO{ emg} dxËf] agfPsf] lyof] . s]xL ;dosf] lglDt t lgof{t kl/0ffddf cTof; nfUbf] tl/sfn] 36]sf] lyof] . Pn]s];n] cfˆgf] nufgLn] /f]dflgofnL ahf/df clxn] klg dfu ePsf u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbgsf] If]qdf kl/jt{g u/]sf lyP . cfh of] sDkgLsf] cfly{s cj:yf /fd|f] 5 / ;+s6x¿nfO{ ;lhn};Fu ;fdgf ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] 5 .

&= pQ/flwsf/LnfO{ lgdf{0f ug'{ / ;xfotf k'¥ofpg'

a'af Pn]s];n]n] cfˆgf] sDkgLnfO{ slxn] klg Pp6f Joj;fosf] ¿kdf dfq x]/]sf lyPgg\ . pgsf] lglDt a|b;{ df]lann] Psftkm{ pgsf] kl/jf/sf] lglDt hLjg lgjf{xdf ;xfPtf k'¥ofpbYof] eg], csf]{tkm{ Pp6f o;n] ;fdflhs OsfOsf] ¿kdf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ / sfdbf/x¿nfO{ ljsl;t x'g / lgdf{0f ug{ ;xfotf k'UbYof] . Pn]s];n] slxn] klg j:t'x¿, sfd / k};fnfO{ dfq} x]b}{gYof] . pgn] snfsf] cfgGb, ;[hgzLntfsf] ;Defjgfx¿ / o;n] lbg] kl/0ffdsf] ;Gt'li6nfO{ klg x]b{y] . pgn] cfˆgf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ / sfdbf/x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] sfdx¿df j[l4 x'g] df}sf lbGy] . o;sf] cy{ pgsf] lglDt kl5 x6\g', zfGt 7fpFdf a;]/ cjnf]sg ug'{ cfjZos k/]sf] v08df ;xof]u ug'{ xf] . o;n] klg cfgGb lbg ;Sb5 .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= ck|Toflzt dflg;x¿ klg ;kmn pBdL aGg ;S5g\ .

clxn]sf k|aGwsx¿n] o:tf] ;f]Rg] u/]tf klg pBdL aGgsf] nflu w]/} xN nf ug'{ cfjZos kb{}g . Pp6f pBdLnfO{ :jo+ cu'jfO Pp6f ;[hgzLn sNkgf, ;xgzLntf / lhDd]jf/L jf]wsf] efjgf cflbsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . @= ;wF} emu8f ug'{ cfjZos 5}g .

emu8fn] w]/} zlQmsf] vr{ u/fpF5 . clwsf+z dfqfdf of] zlQm v]/ hfG5 / o;df ;xefuL x'g]x¿ ;a}n] xf5{g\ . pBdzLntfsf] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{sf] nflu d]xgtsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ug{, /0fgLltx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ / ltgLx¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu nuftf/ d]xgt ug'{kb{5 .

#= sDkgL;Fu} /0fgLltx¿ j[l4 ug'{ .

sDkgL :yfkgf ubf{ Pp6f Jofjxfl/s, sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] / cfwf/e"t /0fgLltsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . clwsf+z ;dodf olb kl/l:yltnfO{ /fd|f];Fu ljZn]if0f u/]/ / ;+s6x¿af6 /0fgLltx¿ ljsf; ub{5f} . o;/L ;+s6x¿ jf:tjdf g} cj;/x¿ aGb5g\ .

$= sfd cfgGbbfoL x'g ;S5 .

x/]sn] sfdnfO{ cfkm} cfgGbsf] ¿kdf l nbF}gg\ . of] cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0f, sfd ug]{ ;+:yf / d"NofÍgsf] s'/f klg xf] . olb tkfO{+n] o;nfO{ oftgfsf] ¿kdf ;f]Rg' eof] eg] of] oftgf lbg]g} x'G5 . olb tkfO{+n] /dfOnf]sf] ¿kdf lng'eof] eg] /dfOnf] g} x'G5 . tkfO{+n] cfˆgf] sfdnfO{ o:tf] tl/sfn] Joj:yfkg ug'{xf];\ tfls of] cfgGbbfoL x'g ;sf];\ / cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] kl/0ffdx¿nfO{ ;do lnP/ dgg\ ug'{xf];\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu a|bz{ df]lansf] ;Gbe{df lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] s';L{x¿ .

 

sf/f]n 6]s M ufpFdf ePsf] Pp6f ;fdflhs pBdL

Joj;fosf] If]q M wft' lgdf{0f

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Joj;fosf] gd"gf

/f]dflgofsf] Pp6f ufpFdf wft' lgdf{0f ug{ tflnd k|fKt sfdbf/ sf/f]n ;f]r sjf8Laf6 wft' k|zf]wg ug]{ sDkgL ;'? u/]sf lyP / clxn] pgn] !% hgf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf 5g\ . pgsf] sDkgLn] klZrd o'/f]kdf lgof{t ug{ wft'sf kmlg{r/ nufot pQ/L ;fu/df cjl:yt ;fndf]g df5f pBf]usf] lglDt wft'af6 ag]sf cf}hf/x¿ pTkfbg ub{5g\ . ;f]rn] u|fxsx¿n] egsf] 9fFrfcg';f/ dWod:t/sf ;fdfgx¿ pTkfbg u/]/ pknAw u/fpFb5g\ .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

sf/f]n ;f]rn] :j/f]huf/ aGb5' eGg] of]hgf agfPsf lyPgg\ . kfFr hgf ;Gtfgsf oL a'afn] lug8f/L gfds ;fgf] ufpF x'Fb} sfd ug{ hfg]qmddf ToxfF a;f]jf; ug]{ ul/a dflg;x¿n] pgdf 5fk kf/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ pgn] cfˆgf] ;'/lIft sfo{ynf] 5f]l8lbPsf lyP . pgn] tL dflg;x¿nfO{ sfdsf] Psbd vfFrf] 5 eGg] s'/f dx;'; u/]sf lyP . sf/f]n ;f]rn] ;wF} lg0f{ox¿ x[boaf6 ug]{ ub{5g\ . k/d]Zj/n] pgnfO{ lbg'ePsf] ;a} s'/fx¿k|lt pgL wGojfbL 5g\ / oL cflzif\x¿ c¿nfO{ afF8\g rfxG5g\ . pgn] c¿x¿sf] lglDt cfˆgf] cfFvf v'nf /fv]sf 5g\, k/d]Zj/sf] cfjfhsf] lglDt cfˆgf] sfgx¿ v'nf /fv]sf 5g\ / ;fdflhs sfdsf] lglDt cfˆgf] k};fsf] y}nL vf]n]sf 5g\ .

pgL Jofjxfl/s ;f]rfOsf JolQm ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ k|zf;lgs sfd pgL Tolt /dfOnf] dfGb}gYo] . pgn] k|fKt u/]sf lzNksf/Lsf] lj1tf / dflg;x¿;Fu Jojxf/ ug]{ pgsf] k|fs[lts :jefj pgsf ;jn kIfx¿ x'g\ . x[bo b]lvsf] ;fdflhs kg / /f]dflgofnL, x+u]/Log, hd{gL / c+u]|hL efiff af]Ng;Sg] Ifdtfn] pgnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;fem]bf/L agfpg / ToxL ¿kdf u|fxsx¿ agfpg ;kmntf lbPsf] 5 . pgn] cfˆgf] ufpFdf u|fxsx¿nfO{ klv{P/ a:g' Joy{ x'G5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfPsf lyP . pgn] cfˆgf] ;Dks{df ePsf ;DaGwx¿nfO{ alnof] agfpg'k/]sf] lyof] / w]/} dfqfdf ofqf ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= ;xL Jofj;flos If]qsf] vf]hL

/f]dflgofsf] lglDt ;fndf]g df5f kfNg ;Sg] ljifo lyPg . hlta]nf pgn] kmf/f]j 6fk"af6 cfPsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ e]6]sf lyP, Tof] ;dodf pgn] ;fndf]g df5f vfg' eGbf cGo w]/} s'/fx¿ u/]sf lyP . pgn] ;fndf]g df5f ;dfpg] tl/sfx¿af/] klg ;f]w]sf lyP / Tof] k|lqmofsf] lglDt 7'nf] dfqfdf hl6n vfnsf oflGqs cf}hf/x¿sf] cfjZostf kbf]{ /x]5 eGg] s'/fx¿ yfxfkfP . ca pgn] cfˆgf] ;fyLx¿ / eljiosf Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/x¿nfO{ oL cf}hf/x¿ /f]dgLodf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 / rflxPsf] u'0f:t/sf] Uof/]G6L klg lng ;lsG5 eg]/ ljZj:t kf/]sf lyP . o;sf] ;fy ;fy} pgn] pgLx¿nfO{ Psbd} cfsif{s d"Nodf lbg] s'/f ;d]t u/]sf lyP .

@= k|efjsf/L pTkfbg ;'ljwfx¿sf] lgdf{0f

sf/f]n ;f]rsf] lglDt Pp6f OsfO{sf] gd"gf pTkfbg ug'{ s'g} ;d:of lyPg . To;f] eP tfklg pTkfbgx¿sf] >]0fLdf u'0f:t/nfO{ lg/Gt/ sfod /fVgsf] nflu pTkfbg sfo{ ug]{ xn, cfw'lgs d]l;gkfs{ / ;bf ;'rf? /fVg ;fdfgx¿sf] uf]bfdsf] vfrf] kb{5 . kl5 a9fpg ldNg] u/]/ ;'?df g} sf/f]n ;f]rn] cfjZos 7fFpsf] Joj:yf u/]sf lyP . Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}{ xf]l;of/L;fy cfˆgf] of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/], tfls sd k"FhLsf] nufgLaf6 k|;:t kmfObf x'g ;Sof] . o;}sf/0f pgsf] sDkgL lg/Gt/ j[l4 eof] / dfux¿ lg/Gt/ cfO/x] .

#= e/kbf]{ ;d"xsf] ljsf;

hlta]nf sf/f]n ;f]r lug8f/L ufpFdf cfOk'u]sf lyP, To; ufFpdf a]/f]huf/Lsf] b/ Psbd} pRr lyof] . sfd ug{ rfxg]x¿dWo] yf]/} dfq wft' k|zf]wg ;DaGwL tflnd lnPsf lyP / c¿x¿ sf]xL;Fu s'g} k|sf/sf] Jofj;flos cg'ej lyPg . To;}n] pBdLn] cfˆg} kxndf sfdbf/x¿nfO{ tflnd lbg' kb{Yof] . of] k|lqmofdf ;xL sfdbf/x¿sf] 5gf]6n] dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf v]NbYof] . pgn] To:tf dflg;x¿nfO{ 5gf]6 ug'{kb{Yof] h;n] cfkm"nfO{ l;Sgsf] lglDt tTk/, c;n rl/q / tflnd k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] nflu sDkgLdf sfd ug{ rfxfg] x'g' kb{Yof] . o;nfO{ ;Dej t'Nofpgsf] lglDt pgn] sfd ug{ /fd|f] jftfj/0f h:t}M hf8f] df};ddf tftf] x'g] u/L xnx¿ lgdf{0f ug]{, sfd ug]{ r':t cf}hf/ / d]l;gx¿, ;do ;dodf sfdaf6 cf/fd lng] ;do / cfsif{s tnjx¿sf] Joj:yf ug'{k/]sf] lyof] .

$= /0fgLlts ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug'{

sf/f]n ;f]r cfˆgf] ;jn kIfx¿df lge{/ x'Fby] . To;f] eP tfklg pgL cfˆgf] sdhf]/ kIfx¿k|lt ;r]t lyP . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ pgL cfkm} Jofj;flos k/fdz{df pRr bIftf ePsf / ;a} If]qdf Jofj;flos ¿kdf pgnfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ dflg;x¿;Fu ;Dks{df x'Gy] . pgL ;'Ggsf] nflu OR5's 5g\ . pgn] cfnf]rgfnfO{ / ;Nnfxx¿nfO{ Wofg lbG5g\ / pko'Qm sbd rfN5g\ .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= Pp6f dflg;n] x[boaf6 klg ;xL lg0f{o ug{ ;Sb5 .

d'gfkmf sdfpg' sfdsf] k|fylds p2]Zo geP/ o;n] Nofpg] tfls{s kl/0ffd x'g'kb{5 . Pp6f JolQmn] x[boaf6 klg ahf/sf cj;/x¿ kQf nufpg ;Sb5 . @= k/d]Zj/sf] af]nfj6nfO{ k5\ofpgfn] cflzif\ NofpFb5 .

k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fnfO{ vf]Hg'sf] cy{ o;nfO{ kfngfug'{ xf] . k|foh;f] w]/} cj/f]wx¿dfly ;'?df g} ljho k|fKt ug'{ g} kb{5 . z+sfx¿ cfpg ;S5 . t/ o;df b[9tfk"j{s nflu /xg' kmnbfoL x'G5 . cGtdf h;n] k/d]Zj/sf] cf1f kfngf u5{{ p;nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] cflzif\ lbg'x'G5 . pm :jo+d cflzlift x'G5 / c¿nfO{ klg of] afF8]/ cflzlift t'NofpF5 .

#= x/]s dxfg\ ofqfx¿ Pp6f ;fgf kfOnfx¿af6 ;'? x'g] ub{5g\ .

;Dejt xfd|f] nflu cufl8 s:tf sl7gfOx¿ 5g\ eGg] yfxf gkfpg' g} /fd|f] x'g]5g\ . yfxf kfof}+ eg] xfdL rfF8} g} lg?T;flxt eP/ TofuL lbG5fF} . ;fgf] kfOnf rfNgfn]]] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsG5 / xfdLnfO{ a9L af]em klg x'Fb}g . w]/} ;–;fgf kfOnfx¿n] nIotkm{ 8f]¥ofpFb5 . o;/L x]bf{ c;Dej b]lvg] s'/fx¿ ;Dej x'g k'Ub5g\ .

$= yf]/} cjwf/0ffx¿ / w]/} Jofjxfl/s sfdx¿

;xL ;Gt'ng sfod /fVgfn] kl/0ffd /fd|f] cfpF5 . w]/} ckl/kSj cjwf/0ffx¿ / l;4fGtx¿n] OR5f zlQmnfO{ sdhf]/ agfOlbG5 . o;/L w]/} /fd|f ;f]rx¿ ljs;Lt x'g'eGbf cufl8 g} db{5g\ . olb Pp6f sDkgLdf cjwf/0ffsf] cefj eof] eg] c:t Jo:t k}bf u/fOlbG5 . cGtdf pBdLn] o;sf] dxËf] d"No r'sfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . olb Pp6f sDkgLnfO{ ljrf/n], x[bon] / s]lx c;n cjwf/0fx¿af6 Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 eg] pBdLn] w]/} k};f arfpF5 .

clK6ldl8of : u|fxsx¿nfO{ c;Gt'i6 x'g lbg]5}g

Joj;fosf] If]qM lklel; em\ofnx¿sf] pTkfbg

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Joj;fosf] gd"gf

cf]/fl8of -/f]dflgof_ df cjl:yt clK6ldl8of lnld6]8sf ;+:yfks / dflns dfl/o'; klGto;sf] 7'nf] nIox¿ / kLlel;sf pRr dfux¿ 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu pgL s'g} u|fxsx¿ c;Gt'i6 ePsf] rfxb}gg\ . of] nIon] pgsf] sDkgLsf gd"gfnfO{ afFlwPsf] / kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 .

clK6ldl8ofn] @)) sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf 5g\ / /fHosf] snfsf] ;'ljwfx¿ k|of]u ub}{ pRr u'0f:t/sf] lklel; em\ofnx¿ lgdf{0f ub{5g\ . pgsf] sDkgL cf]/fl8ofdf k|d'v pTkfbg ug]{ 7fFpsf] ¿kdf ;~rfng ePsf] 5 / /0fgLlts dxTjsf #% j6f ;x/x¿df zf]?dx¿ /fv]sf 5g\ . o;/L pgn] /f]dflgofel/ g} ;]jf k'¥ofPsf5g\ . sDKo"6/sf] ;xfotfaf6 ul/g] pTkfbg / Jojl:yt ljt/0fsf] sf/0f tLg lbgleq em\ofnx¿ h8fg k|lqmof k'/f ug{ pgL ;Ifd x'G5g\ .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

!= Jofj;flos ;+;f/df ;fgf] sDkgLsf] klxnf] kfOnf

cfˆgf] cWoog k"/f u/]s} s]xL ;dokl5 g} dfl/o; klGto;n] ljjfx u/]sf lyP . Tof] ;dodf pgn] cfkm" / >LdtLsf] lglDt ckf6{d]G6sf] ef8f ltg{ ;Sb}gy] . o;}n] pgn] ljB'lto ;fdfgx¿ ptkfbg / dd{t ug]{ cfˆgf] klxnf] ;fgf] sDkgL ;'?jft u/]sf lyP . pgn] lgdf{0fdf, lx;fa lstfadf / j:t'x¿sf] ahf/Ls/0f ug{df dxTjk"0f{ cg'ejx¿ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . To;f] eP tfklg, d'gfkmfsf] dfqf Go"g eof] / w]/} sdfpg] dxTjsf+Iffn] ubf{, pgn] rLgaf6 cfoftLt g/d vfnsf tf/x¿sf] Jofkf/, bf];|f] sDkgLsf] ¿kdf ;'? u/] .

@= k|bz{g / ahf/Ls/0fsf] dxTj

pgL;Fu o;eGbf cl3 ahf/Ls/0fsf] s'g} cg'ej lyPg . hlta]nf pgn] a'rff/]i6df ePsf] Jofkf/ d]nfdf klxnf] pkl:ylt hgfPsf lyP, pgL cfˆgf] sfd ug]{ klx/gdf b]vf k/]sf lyP . pgn] g t 6fO{ nufPsf lyP, g t pgL;Fu cfˆgf] Jofkf/Ls kl/ro kq g} lyof] / pgn] tTsfn} ;+Defljt u|fxsx¿n] cfkm" k|lt ?lr gb]vfPsf] dx;'; u/] . pgL tTsfn} aflx/ lglisP / klxnf] k6s ;'6 lsg], clg cfˆgf] sDkgLnfO{ cem a9L Jofj;flos b]vfpgsf] nflu k"0f{ ¿kdf kl/jt{gu/] . / o;n] sfd u/¥of] . pgn] ;]jfu|fxLx¿af6 bL3{sfnLg ;Demf}tf k|fKt u/] / nut} ;fthgf lgo'Qm u/] .

#= pRr d"No kg]{ kL= eL= ;L em\ofnx¿sf] ahf/ k'jf{g'dfg

dfl/o'; klGto;sf] nflu gofF sDkgL jf:tjd} ;kmntf k|fKt ug]{ cfwf/ aGof] . ahf/sf] lg/Gt/ cjnf]sgn] pgnfO{ Pp6f gofF / clt /f]rs ahf/sf cj;/x¿ k|s6 ul/lbPsf] lyof] . kL eL ;L em\ofnx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{ g} clK6ldl8ofsf] lglDt ;'?jftsf] laGb' v8f ul/lbof] . yf]/} k};f t/ pTkfbgdf, nfut Joj:yfkgdf / ahf/Ls/0fdf dxTjk"0f{ cg'ejx¿ ePsf]n] pgn] k|bz{g ug]{ sf]7f;Fu hf]l8Psf] Pp6f ;fgf] pTkfbg ug]{ xndf gofF Joj;fo ;'? u/]sf lyP . of] ;'ljwfn] pgnfO{ cfˆgf pTkflbt j:t'x¿ u|fxsx¿nfO{ k|bz{g u/fpFb}, pTkfbg k|lqmofx¿ b]vfpFb} pgLx¿sf] e/f];f lhTgdf of]Uo agfPsf] lyof] .

$= c;Gt'i6 u|fxsx¿ gx'g'

pgsf] klxnf] / ;aeGbf dTjk"0f{ ahf/Ls/0fsf] l;4fGt eg]sf] lgDg s'/fx¿ :jo+daf6 / cfˆgf sfdbf/x¿af6 k"/f ug'{ lyof] . æxfd|f] ;x/df slxNo} klg xfdL;Fu c;Gt'i6 u|fxsx¿ sf]xL x'g' x'Fb}g,Æ eGgdf ;lhnf] eP tfklg of] l;4fGtnfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ sl7g ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] lyof] . To;f] eP tfklg klGto;n] o;nfO{ k|dfl0ft u/]sf lyP . pbfx/0f k|:t't ub}{ / lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cfˆgf sfdbf/x¿nfO{ tflnd lbnfP/ of] l;4fGt oyfy{df kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . kl/0ffd :j¿k pgsf ;Gt'i6 u|fxsx¿ pgsf] lglDt ;aeGbf k|efjsf/L lj1fkgsf Ph]G6 alglbP . pgLx¿n] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf gofF ;]jfu|fxLx¿ NofOlbP / h;sf] sf/0fn] sDkgLsf] j[l4 x'g ;Sof] .

%=;f]nf]dgaf6 l;sfOM a'l4sf] lglDt ljlGt

dfl/o'; klGto; l56\6} g} ;kmn ag], t/ pgsf] rl/qdf g/fd|f] x'g]u/L kl/jt{g ePg . o;nfO{ xNsf ¿kdf lng' x'Fb}g . w]/} ;kmn Jofj;flos dflg;x¿ 3d08L x'G5g\ / Jofj;flos g}ltstfsf] l;4fGtx¿nfO{ a]jf:tf ub{5g\ . dfl/o'; klGto;df of] nfu" ePg . pgL ;w}F k/d]Zj/sf] jrgdf ulx/f] ¿kdf hf]l8P/ /x]sf lyP . x/]s kl/l:yltx¿df k/d]Zj/;Fu a'l4 dfUg' kb{5 eGg] s'/f pgn] ;fg} pd]/b]lv g} l;s]sf lyP . k/d]Zj/n] lbg'ePsf] pgsf] k|fy{gfsf] pQ/ cfh x/]sn] b]Vg ;S5g\ .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= cfˆg} b]zdf ahf/sf] pkl:ylt

dfl/o'; klGto;n] /f]dlgofdf Ps Jofks ahf/ pkl:yltsf] :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o ;'?df g} u/]sf lyP . pgn] /0fgLlts ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ ;a} ;x/x¿df k|bz{gL jf zf]/md ;lxtsf !) j6f ljqmL s]Gb|x¿ vf]n]sf lyP / @% j6f ;fem]bf/Lx¿nfO{ cf}krf/Ls ¿kdf cfˆgf] pTkfbg tyf ;]jfx¿ ljqmL ug{ kfpg] cg'dtL lbPsf lyP . o;/L pgn] ;Lldt ljQLo vr{x¿af6 ;Dk"0f{ b]ze/L g} k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cfˆgf] clK6ldl8of a|f08nfO{ :yflkt u/fpg ;kmn ePsf lyP .

@= cfO{P;cf] (ISO) cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 ())! sf] u0fgfdf :ki6 k|lqmofut Aoj:yfkg

dfl/o'; klGto;n] ahf/Ls/0f zfvfdf h'g Jofj;flos z}nL ckgfPsf lyP ToxL z}nL pTkfbg / uf]bfd Joj:yfkgdf klg nfu" u/]sf lyP . pgn] u|fxsx¿sf] vfFrf]x¿ ljZn]if0f u/]/ ;Dej eP;Dd pQd tl/sfn] pgLx¿sf] vfFrf]x¿ k'/f ul/lbg] u/L cfˆgf sfo{x¿ ;~rfng u/] . u|fxsn] ;/n tl/sfn] dfu ug{ ;Sg' , l56f] pTkfbg, pRr nrstf, clt pRru'0f:t/, ;dodf pknJw u/fOlbg' cflb pgn] rfx]sf nIox¿ lyP . ;a} dfux¿sf] lglDt p:t} k|sf/sf u'0f:t/ lg/Gt/ sfod /fVg] egL cfO{P;cf] (ISO) n] lbPsf] k|dfl0fs/0fn] lglZrt ul/lbPsf] lyof] .

#= u|fxsd'vL Jojxf/ k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 egL lglZrt u/fpg sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd

s]xL jif{ leqd} cfˆgf] pTkfbg / Jofkfl/s ;~hfn ;lxt sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof j[l4 eP/ nueu #)) hgf;Dd k'u]sf] lyof] . klGt;sf] lglDt o;sf] cy{ pgsf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx¿n] lg/Gt/ / pRr :t/sf] tflnd k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f lglZrt ug'{ lyof] . /f]dflgofsf clwsf+z pBdLx¿n] sfdbf/x¿nfO{ tflnd lbg] s'/fnfO{ alGrt ub{5g\ lsgeg] tflnd lnO;s]kl5 tL sfdbf/x¿ cfˆgf k|lt:kwL{x¿sxfF hfG5g\ egL 8/fpF5g\ . dfl/o'; klGto;n] o;nfO{ leGb} tl/sfn] ;f]Rb5g\ . ljz]if tflndsf] ;fy;fy} pgn] cfˆgf sfdbf/nfO{ Psd'i6 ;'ljwfx¿ -;+rosf]if_ pknAw u/fpF5g\ . h;åf/f pgLx¿nfO{ bL3{sfnLg ;fem]bf/ aGgsf] nflu xf};nf k|bfg ug{ rfxG5g\ . oL dWo] w]/} ;'ljwfx¿sf] lglDt vf;} k};f nfUb}g jf yf]/} dfq, t/ klg o:tf ;'ljwfx¿n] sDkgLk|lt s[t1tfsf] efjgf ;[hgf ul/lbG5 .

$= ljZjf; lbnfpg] vfnsf] Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k4lt

dfl/o'; klGto; Pp6f ;fgf] sDkgL k|aGwsaf6 dWod :t/sf] sDkgL k|aGwssf] ¿kdf j[l4 x'bfF pgsf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf kl/jt{gsf ;fy} JolQmut ¿kdf klg j[l4 ePsf 5g\ . hlta]nf pgn] cfˆgf] sDkgL ;'? u/]sf lyP, pgn] ;a} s'/fx¿ cfkm}n] ub{y] / pgnfO{ ;w}F ;a} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L x'GYof] . kl5 pgsf nflu sfdx¿, lhDd]jf/Lx¿ / sfo{;Dkfbgx¿ cGo sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ af8Fkmf8 ug'{kg{] afWotf ePsf] lyof] tfls pgL cfkm"nfO{ /0fgLlts sfdx¿ / ljz]if dxTj /fVg] sfdx¿df s]lGb|t ug{ :jtGq x'g ;Sy] . o;sf] lglDt pgn] e/kbf]{ Joj:yfkg ;'rgf k4lt lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . of] k4ltn] pgnfO{ pBdzLntfsf lg0f{ox¿ ug{sf] nflu cfjZos k/]sf] a]nfdf dxTjk"0f{ / cTofjZos ;"rgfx¿ pknAw u/fpFb5 .

%= sDkgLsf] :ki6 ;+/rgf ;lxt d'gfkmf s]lGb|t

sDkgL j[l4sf] x/]s r/0f ;Fu;Fu} ;~rfngsf ;+/rgfx¿ klg ;dfof]hg ug'kg{] x'G5 . cfh ck\l6d]8Lofsf] x/]s pTkfbgsf If]qx¿ d'gfkmfdf s]lGb|t 5g\ . tfls nfutx¿ / gfkmfx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf ljZn]if0f / ljt/0f ug{ ;lsof];\ .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= Pp6f :ki6 ahf/Ls/0fsf] /0fgLlt ;/n / k|efjsf/L x'g' kb{5 . ck\l6d]l8ofsf] ahf/Ls/0f /0fgLlt ;/n / tfls{s 5 . of] tLgj6f vDafdf l6s]sf] 5 M

- l j:t[t ahf/ cjnf]sg / sDkgLsf] dflnsåf/f ljZn]if0f

- cg'ejx¿åf/f qmda4 l;sfO

- Jojxfl/s ¿kdf sfof{Gjog / dfkgx¿åf/f ;}4flGts 1fgnfO{ Jojxf/df ptf{g' .

@= sd{rf/Ldf ;xL k|sf/sf] dfgl;stf :jtM:km"t{ ¿kdf ljsl;t x'Fb}Fg . u|fxsd'vL sDkgLn] ;a} sfdbf/x¿sf] lglDt lglZrt tl/sfn] ;f]Rg nufpg' kb{5 . u|fxsx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ kQf nufOg' / u|x0f ul/g' kb{5 . sfdbf/x¿n] u|fxsnfO{ a'em\g' kb{5 / dg k/fpg' kb{5 . ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug'{ kb{5 . of] k|fKt ug{sf] lglDt sfdbf/x¿n] dxTjk"0f{ -kl/0ffdd'vL_ k|of; ug'{kb{5 . o:tf k|sf/sf sfdx¿b]lv w]/} hgf nfh dfg]/ 6f9f x'G5g\ . o:tf] k|sf/sf] afgL Joxf]/f a'emfOsf]

lglDt ;j{k|yd hfu?stf Nofpg' kb{5 / To;nfO{ k|j4g ul/g' kb{5 . oL sfdbf/x¿nfO{ qmda4 ¿kdf tflnd lbg' kb{5 . olb b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngdf s'g} ljrngx¿ 5g\ eg] ToxL tl/sfn] klxrfg ul/g' kb{5 / ;'wf/ ul/g' kb{5 . k|lqmof ;/n cfgGbfoL / x:of}nL kf/fdf ;~rfng ul/g' kb{5 . /dfOnf] eof] eg] sfdbf/x¿sf] tflnd k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

#= cfkm"df ePsf] cflzif\ / cfgGb afF8\g'

dfl/o'; klGto;n] lj/n} dfqfdf atfpg] s'/f rflxF pgsf] afF8r'8F ug{] afgL . t/ pgL o;sf] cEof; u5{g\ . pgsf] lglDt pBdL x'g' eg]sf] ;fdflhs bfloTj axg ug'{ klg xf] . klGto;;Fu ahf/sf] cj;/x¿k|lt rgfvf] x'g] cfFvfx¿ dfq geP/ ;a} :t/sf cfˆgf] ;+uL dfgj hfltsf] vfFrf] k|lt klg pgsf cfFvfx¿ v'nf 5g\ . ha dflg;x¿ sl7g kl/:yltdf x'G5g\ .

pgLx¿nfO{ ;xfotf u/]/ cyjf u'Kt ¿kdf cfˆgf] d'gfkmfsf] s]xL lx:;f bfgsf] /mkdf lbP/ . of] s'/f pgn] cfˆgf] dfgj;+;fwgsf] gLlt g} agfPsf 5g\ .

l:6d g'8N;

-3'?nf akmfOPsf] rfprfp_

Joj;fosf] gd"gf

l:6d g'8N; ;g @)!! df clj/fh /fO{åf/f vf]lnPsf] lyof] . clj/fh k};f sdfpgsf] nflu ljb]zdf -dn]l;ofdf $ jif{ / ;fpbL c/]aLofdf # jif{_ a;]sf lyP . g]kfndf kmls{;s]kl5 pgn] Pp6f Joj;fo ;'? ug]{ cfzf kfn]sf lyP . dn]lzofdf / ;fpbL c/]ljofdf sfd ub{f pgn] w]/} bogLo cj:yfsf] si6 ef]u]sf lyP . clj/fhsf] nIorflxF :j:Yo / :jflbnf] rfprfp pTkfbg ug]{, Pp6f rfprfp km\oflS6« -sf/vfgf_ vf]Ng' clj/fhsf] nIo lyof] . kfFr jif{b]lv clj/fhn] ToxL ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . pgsf u|fxsx¿ Psbd} ;Gt'i6 5g\ / pgL;+u clxn] pgL ;lxt kfFrhgf sd{rf/L 5g\ .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

!= vf]Ngsf] nflu ;+3if{

clj/fh k};fsf] nflu sfd ug{ ljb]z -$ jif{ dn]lzofdf / # jif{ ;fpbL c/adf_ uPsf lyP . pgn] $ jif{;Dd dn]lzofsf] /a/ ˆoflS6« -sf/vfgf_ df sfd u/]sf lyP . ;fpbL c/adf pgn] dhb'/sf] ¿kdf sfd u/]sf lyP / of] pgsf] nflu w]/} ufx|f] lyof] . pgn] Tof] s7f]/ kl/>d ;xg ;s]gg\ . To;}n] pgL Tof] sDkgLaf6 /fxbfgL / kl/rokq lagf g} efu]sf lyP . k|x/Ln] kqm]/ g]kfn lkmtf{ k7fpg'eGbf cufl8 s]xL jif{;Dd pgn] u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf sfd u/]sf lyP . g]kfn kmls{;s]kl5 ljjfx u/] / cjb]lv pk|fGt slxNo} klg ljb]zL d'n'sdf sfd ug{ ghfg] lg0f{o u/] . pgn] g]kfndf kq klqsf cyjf cfkmGt;Fu hxfFtxLF /f]huf/Lsf] vf]h] u/]tfklg g]kfndf /f]huf/L kfpg ;s]gg\ . pgsL >LdtL Pp6f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdf sfd ub}{ lyOg\ . To;}n] pgn] cfˆgf]lglDt >Ldlt;+u k};f dfUg] ub{y] . pgn] lgdf{0f sDkgLx¿df klg sfd ug]{ k|of; gu/]sf xf]Ogg\ t/ ToxfF klg ;a} 7fpFdf cfˆg} gftfuf]tfnfO{ dfq 7fpF lbPsf] e]6fP . pgL cfˆgf] >LdtL;Fu k};f dfUg' k/]sf]df nlHht lyP . pgsf] sfsfsf] 5f]/f Pp6f rfprfp ˆoflS6« -sf/vfgf_ df sfd ub{y] cGtdf ToxL pgn] sfd kfPsf lyP . ToxfF clj/fhn] akmfPsf] -l:6d_ rfprfpF pTkfbg ug{ l;s] . ToxfF sfdbf/ x'Fbf pgn] ahf/Ls/0fsf] af/]df klg l;s], ahf/Ls/0f u/]/ olb pgn] ahf/df ljqmL u/]df Pp6f kfs]6af6 g]kfnL $ ?lkofF sldzgsf] ¿kdf k|fKt ug]{ ub{y] -$ ;]G6_ pgsf ;xsdL{x¿ Psbd} cN5L lyP / pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] kfnf]df klg x/]s ;do clj/fhnfO{ sfd ug{ nufpFy] . sDkgL 3f6fdf uPsf] lyof] / dflnsn] sDkgL aGb ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . Toltj]nf g} clj/fhn] rfprfp km\oflS6« vf]Ng] ljrf/ u/]sf lyP . cf7 dlxgf sfd ug]{ ;dodf pgn] ?= !@))) art u/]sf lyP -nueu !!) cd]l/sL 8n/_ . g]kfnL cfk|jf;L ;~hfn -g]d'g_ n] aLpsf] ¿kdf pgnfO{ Go"gtd Aofhb/df ?= $)))) C0fsf] ¿kdf pknAw u/fOlbPsf] lyof] / pgn] cfˆgf] >LdtLsf] ;'gsf] u/uxgf klg C0f lngsf] nflu a}+sdf lwtf] /fv]sf lyP . pgn] k|of]u ul/Psf] d]lzgsf] vf]hL u/] t/ kfpg ;s]gg\ To;}n] pgn] ?= !!%))) -!)&) cd]l/sL 8n/_ df Pp6f gofF d]l;g vl/b u/] . afFsL /x]sf] k};faf6 pgn] cfjZos rfprfpsf] lglDt sRrf kbfy{x¿ h:t} lk7f], lrgL, t]n, g'g cflb vl/b u/] . cfˆgf] Joj;fo ;'? ul/;s]kl5 / b}lgs ¿kdf vl/b ug]{ u|fxs e]§fPkl5 lj:tf/} ljBfno, sn]h / xl:k6nx¿df pgnfO{ klg lan b]p egL dfUg yfn] -cfˆgf] s/ ltg{sf] nflu rflxg] btf{ gDa/_ . To;a]nf;Dd pgn] cfˆgf] sDkgL btf{ u/]sf lyPgg\ . clj/fhn] 3'?nf l:6d g'8N;sf] gfddf ;/sf/;Fu sDkgL btf{ u/fpg] lg0f{o u/] . clxn] pgn] pRru'0f:t/sf] Psbd} :jflbnf] rfprfp agfO/x]sf 5g\ . pgn] cfˆgf] rfprfp sn]hx¿df, ljBfnox¿df, xl:k6nx¿df, /]i6'/]G6x¿df, ;–;fgf lrof k;n cflb 7fpFdf a]Rg] / cfk"lt{ ug]{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgn] pgLx¿sf] dfucg';f/ pTkfbg u5{g\ . slxn]sxLF pgn] lk7f] / kfgLaf6 dfq} c08f ljlxg rfprfp pTkfbg ub{5g\ / slxn]sxLF cfsf/ / :jfbdf ljljwtf NofpFb5g\ .

pgsf] sDkgL kfFrjif{ e};s]sf] 5 pgL;Fu kfFrhgf sd{rf/L -clj/fh ;lxt pgsf] >LdtL / lbbL_ sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgsf b'O{hgf sfdbf/n] /fd|f] rfprfp pTkfbg agfpgsf] nflu af;:yfg, /fd|f] tna / tflnd kfPsf 5g\ . pgsf] sDkgL lj:tf/} j[l4 x'Fb}5 / cfˆgf] Jojofo lj:tf/ ug]{ pgsf] of]hgf 5 .

@= Joj;fosf] gLlt

sd (COM) sf] kfl/jfl/s Joj;fosf] tflnd lnO;s]kl5 clj/fhn] cfˆgf] Joj;fodf w]/} kl/jt{g u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] sfo{ ljefhg / lhDd]jf/L jfF8kmfF8 u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] ahf/Ls/0fsf] sfd ub{5g\, tLghgfn] pTkfbg / kf]sf kfg]{ sfd ub{5g\ / pgsL >LdtLn] cfly{s s'/fx¿sf] lx;falstfa ub{l5g\ . o;/L sfdsf] afF8kmfF8n]] clj/fhsf] lglDt sfd ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .

#= u|fxs / dflg;x¿sf] jf:tf

hlta]nf pgn] Joj;fo ;'? u/]sf lyP clj/fh x/]s lbg ahf/ hfg] ub{y] . pgn] lbgdf $–% kfs]6 a]Rg] ub{y] . t/ dflg;x¿n] pgsf] rfprfpsf] u'0f:t/ / pgsf] afgL yfxf kfO;s]kl5 7'nf] kl/0ffddf dfu ug{ yfn] . pgL u|fxsx¿k|lt Psbd} ldqjt Jojxf/ u5{g\, u|fxsx¿nfO{ Wofg lbP/ ;'G5g\, ;dodf g} rfprfp k'¥ofOlbG5g\ . pgL cfˆgf] sfdk|lt Psbd} v';L 5g\ .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= ;xof]uL x[bo

hlta]nf ljb]zaf6 kms]{kl5 clj/fhn] sfd kfPsf lyPgg\, g]kfndf a:g pgsf] nflu w]/} ufx|f] ;do ePsf] lyof] To;}sf/0fn] ubf{ pgn] cfˆg} ˆoflS6«sf] dflns ag]kl5 sfdbf/x¿ /f]huf/L lbg] / rfprfp agfpg l;sfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf lyP . oL kfFr jif{sf] cjlwdf w]/} dflg;x¿n] sfd l;Sg ;kmn ePsf5g\ . s]xL dflg;x¿n] t cfˆg} rfprfp ˆoflS6« klg ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . 3'?nf l:6d ˆoflS6«df sfd u/]/ cfˆg} Joj;fosf] j[l4 ePsf]df clj/fh w]/} v'''';L 5g\ .

@= c¿x¿;Fu afF8r'F8 ug'{

clj/fhn] sd (COM) åf/f cfof]lht kfl/jfl/s Joj;fodf tflnddf ;xefuL eP/ w]/} s'/f l;s] . clxn] pgn] cfkm"n] l;s]sf] s'/f c¿x¿nfO{ / cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿aLr afFl8/x]sf 5g\ .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7

!= ;kmntf kfpgsf] nflu cfˆgf] Joj;fodf s'g} axfgf gagfpg' .

@= l/;fPsf] a]nfdf c¿nfO{ bf]if nufpg'sf] ;§fdf klxn] ;f]Rg' / zfGt x'g' .

#= of] d]/f] e"n xf] elg :jLsf/ ug'{, c¿ dflg;x¿nfO{ bf]if gnufpg' .

$= u|fxsx¿nfO{ Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg', pgLx¿nfO{ s] dg k5{ / s] dg kb}{g tfls eljiodf tkfO{++n] ;'wf/ ug{ ;Sg' ePsf] xf];\ .

%=eljiosf] lglDt k};f arfpg' / o;sf] lglDt of]hgf agfpg' .

olb s;}n] clj/fh;Fu Joj;fo s;/L ;'? ug]{ eg]/, ;'emfj dfUof] eg ] pgL eG5g\, æklxnf ahf/sf] cg';Gwfg ug'{xf];\, tkfO{+n] pTkfbg ug{ nfu]sf] j:t'sf] dfu 5 ls 5}g < pTkfbg dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls 5}g, tkfO{+sf] Joj;fodf ahf/ w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . nufgLsf] af/]df dfq x}g t/ cfˆgf] Joj;foaf6 cfjZos nufgL p7fpg] af/]df klg ;f]Rg'xf];\ tfls tkfO{+ nufgLn] d'gfkmf sdfpg ;s]sf] xf];\ .

l8 P08 l8 -8]NnL P08 l8lnl;o;_ dN6L Pu|f] kmfd{

Joj;fosf] gd"gf

l8 P08 l8 dN6L Pu|f] kmd{ -ax'cfolds s[lif kmd{_ cf7 jif{ cufl8 ;g\ @))* df a'6jndf lbk]Gb| rf}w/Lsf] a'afåf/f vf]lnPsf] lyof] . cfh tkfO{+ lbk]Gb| sxfF hfFbf tkfO{+n] tTsfn} of] ;a} df5fsf] af/]df xf] eGg] dx;'; ug'{x'G5 . of] kl/jf/n] df5f vfg dg k/fpF5g\ . Tof] ufpFsf] jl/kl/ kf]v/L gePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ lbk]Gb|sf] a'afn] df5f kfNg] lg0f{o u/]sf lyP . lbk]Gb|sf] a'afn] sfd ;'? ug]{ ;dodf kfl/jf/sf] nflu x'G5 egL, p2]Zo /fv]sf] eP tfklg lj:tf/} ufpFn]x¿ klg df5fsf] dfu ug{ yfn] . clxn] a'afsf] ;§fdf lbk]Gb|n] Tof] df5f kfngsf] x]/rfx ub{5g\ . pgn] df5f dfg{], df5fnfO{ v'jfpg] / df5f kfng ;DaGwL ;a} s'/f l;s]sf lyP . t/ pgL;Fu o;sf] af/]df bz{g lyPg . sd (COM) sf] kfl/jfl/s Joj;fo ;DaGwL tflnd lnO;s]kl5 pgn] cfˆgf] df5f kmd{sf] lglDt :ki6 bz{g agfpg ;s] .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

!=Jofj;flos /f]huf/sf] ¿kdf pgL /]l8of] kqsf/ eP tfklg pgsf] t[i0ff df5f Joj;fodf lyof] .

lbk]Gb| Jofj;flos ¿kdf Pp6f kqsf/ x'g\ . pgnfO{ ;~rf/ dgk5{ t/ klg pgsf] t[i0ff egsf] df5f lyof] . clwsf+z dflg;x¿n] pgnfO{ Pp6f kqsf/ cyjf ;~rf/sf] dfG5sf] ¿kdf lrGb5g\ t/ w]/} yf]/} dflg;x¿n] dfq} pgnfO{ df5f kfng ug]{ ls;fgsf] ¿kdf lrGb5g\ . lbk]Gb|sf] a'afn] df5f kfng ug'{eGbf cufl8 df5f ;DaGwL g t s'g} tflnd lnPsf lyP g t s'g} 1fg g} lyof] . pgnfO{ df5f dg kg]{ ePsf]n] ubf{ dfq} df5f kfng ;'? u/]sf lyP .

@= jiff}{;Ddsf] b"/ b[li6 /fVg] bz{g

klxnf] jif{

tflnd lg/LIf0f, a}+saf6 C0f lnP/ kf]v/L tof/ kfg]{, kfgLsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{, df5fsf] bfgfsf] lglDt e08f/0f sf]7f lgdf{0f ug]{, cfjZos cf}hf/x¿ lsGg], ;–;fgf e'/f df5fx¿ vl/b ug]{ / tLgnfO{ x'sf{pg], kf]v/L j/Lk/Lsf] vfnL efudf hgfj/sf]nflu 3fF; kftsf] af]6lj?jf /f]Kg] jf kmnk"mnsf] lj?jf nufpg] .

bf];|f] jif{

pTkflbt df5fnfO{ :yfgLo ahf/df a]Rg], kf]yL df5fnfO{ 5fg]/ e'/f df5f pTkfbg ug{sf] nflu kfNg], e'/f df5fx¿ x'sf{pg 6\ofÍL lgdf{0f ug]{, efn] df5fx¿nfO{ yf]s ljqm]tfx¿nfO{ a]Rg], kf]v/LnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{, Joj;fosf] d"NofÍg ug]{, k|fKt d'gfkmfaf6 C0f r'Qmf ug{ ;'? ug]{, cfk"lt{stf{ / u|fxsx¿df Jofj;flos ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug]{ .

t];|f] jif{

tLgjif{b]lv u|fxsx¿nfO{ ahf/df lhpFbf] df5f a]Rg] of]hgf -pTkflbt df5fsf] tf}n pRr x'G5_ . ljleGg k|sf/sf df5fx¿ pTkfbg ug]{, Joj;fosf] d"NofÍg ug]{, lx;fa lstfa /fVg] / cfufdL jif{sf] lglDt ah]6 agfpg], C0f cf+lzs ¿kdf r'Qmf ug]{ .

rf}yf] jif{

pTkflbt df5fnfO{ ahf/df a]Rg], e'/f df5fx¿nfO{ 6\ofÍLdf /fVg], df5f kfngdf ?lr ePsf ls;fgx¿nfO{ e'/f df5fx¿ a]Rg], l;d]G6sf] kf]v/L agfpg] -lj:tf/ / kf]v/Lsf] ;'wf/_, C0fsf] clGtd e'QmfgL u|fxs / ls;fgx¿;+u ;DaGw sfod /fVg] Joj;fosf] d"NofÍg / uNtLx¿sf] ;'wf/ ug]{ .

kfFrf}F jif{

ls;fgx¿af6 yf]s d"Nodf df5f vl/b u/]/ cfkm}n] ahf/df ljqmL ug]{, df5fsf] sfF8f x6fpg] d]lzg lsGg], sfF8f lagfsf] df5fnfO{ kf]sf kf/]/ a/kmdf /fVg] / o;nfO{ df5f ahf/df ljqmL ug]{, df5fsf] pTkfbgnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{, kf]v/LnfO{ :jR5 /fVg] .

#= ;Gt'i6 u|fxsx¿

pgsf u|fxsx¿ pgsf] df5fx¿k|lt Psbd} ;Gt'i6 5g\, lsgeg] of] :j:y / sfF8f/lxt 5 . pgn] cfˆgf sfdbf/x¿nfO{ bz{g afF8\5g\ / pgLx¿n] s] ug'{ k5{ egL l;sfpF5g\ . lbk]Gb|n] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cfˆgf u|fxsx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] k[i7kf]if0f -/fo_ / pgLx¿nfO{ s;/L ;Gt'i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 egL ;f]lw/xG5g\ . pgsf] ;kgf eg]sf] cfˆgf] kl/ jf/sf] vfFrf] k'/f ug'{ ;fy} Joj;fosf] gfkmfaf6 lbk]Gb|n] cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] ul/ax¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= Joj;fosf] csf]{ kIf -kf6f]_

lbk]Gb|;Fu df5f kmd{dfq geP/ Joj;fosf] csf]{ kf6f] klg 5 . pgsf] a'afn] kf]v/Lsf] jl/kl/ Sofdf]dfOn -Ps k|sf/sf] h8La'6L_ /f]k]sf lyP . t/ pgLx¿sf] of] cg'ejsf] sf/0fn] klxnf] jif{df pgLx¿n] Tolt d'gfkmf sdfpg ;s]gg\ ltgLx¿n] bf];|f] jif{ k|of; u/] / of] jif{ klg clGtd k6s Tof] hl8j'6L nufP . of] pRr d"No kg]{ h8La'6L xf] . t/ yf]/} dfq km;n x'g] ub{5 . kf]v/Laf6 dnd'q, kfgL k|fKt x'g] x'Fbf pgLx¿n] xfF;, s'v'/f / s[ifL Joj;fo ;'? ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ .

@= pgsf] df5f Joj;fosf] lglDt cj;/x¿

ahf/df df5f k|z:t 5}g . clwsf+z df5fx¿ ef/taf6 cfoft ul/G5, cfˆgf] 7'nf] of]hgf / bz{gsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cfˆgf] tfhf df5f ahf/df a]Rgsf] nflu jf:tjdf g} /fd|f] cj;/ 5 egL lbk]Gb| ;f]Rb5g\ . g]kfn kfgL / k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿df wgL 5 h'g df5f kfngsf] lglDt nfebfos x'G5 .

#= l8 P08 l8 sf] ;fdflhs kIf

lbk]Gb| Pp6f ;fdflhs sfo{stf{sf] ¿kdf klg lqmoflzn x'g rfxG5g\ . pgL cfˆgf ;d'bfosf] ul/ax¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug{ rfxG5g\ . cfˆgf] sfdåf/f k|fKt d'gfkmfsf] lglZrt k|ltzt ;fdflhs lqmofsnfksf] lglDt of]ubfg lbg rfxG5g\ . o'jf dflg;x¿ ljb]z hfg gk/f];\ eg]/ pgL cfˆgf] ufpFdf /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug{ rfxG5g\ .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7

!= xfd|f] pTkflbt j:t'x¿af6 xfd|f u|fxsx¿ ;Gt'i6 5g\ ls 5}gg\ egL xfdLn] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf hfFRg' g} kb{5 . of] Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ 5 .

@= u|fxsx¿ / cfk"lt{stf{x¿;Fu ;~rf/ ug'{ cTofjZos x'G5 .

#= kl/jf/ leq} sfo{ ljefhg / sfdsf] Joj:yfkgsf] dxTj x'G5 .

Joj;fo ;'? ug{sf] nflu olb s;}n] pgnfO{ k|Zg u/]df pgL o;f] eG5g\ .

Pp6f sDkgL ;'?jft ug'{ s'g} 7'nf] s'/f] xf]Og . tkfO{+;Fu cfˆgf] sDkgL j[l4 xf]; / u'0ffTds ¿kn] km}lnof]; eGg] b"/b[li6 ;lxtsf] bz{g x'g' kb{5 . ;'?jft ug'{eGbf cufl8 OR5fOPsf] Jofj;flos If]qsf] cg';Gwfg ug'{kb{5 / cTofjZos ;Lkx¿ k|fKt ug'{ kb{5 . olb tkfO{++;Fu cfˆgf] Joj;fosf] lglDt t[i0ff 5 eg] tkfO{++ Pp6f ;kmn pBdL aGg ;Sg' x'G5 .

u|]; ;km\6\; M j[l4 x'gsf] nflu ;';lHht

Joj;fosf] If]qM ;km\6jo/ / j]j;fO6 ;dfwfg

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Joj;fosf] gd"gf

;g\ @))( df xf] rL ldGg ;x/sf Pp6f hjfg o'js nL=eL= n] cfˆgf] b'O{hgf ;fyLx¿;Fu ldn]/ alx/f o'jfx¿n] agfPsf] ;Demgfsf k|tLsx¿ a]Rg] æu|]; / uLkm\6Æ gfds Joj;fo :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . t/ To;sf] tTsfn} pgn] o;af6 d'gfkmf sdfpg / o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg sl7g x'g] s'/f dx;'; u/] . pgn] cfkm"df ePsf] ;"rgf tyf k|ljlw, snf / c+u|]hL efiffdf ePsf alnof] kIfx¿sf] af/]df ;f]r] / To;kl5, j]a l8hfOgdf cfˆgf] Jofj;flos of]hgf / cGj]if0fnfO{ kl/eflift u/] . ToxL ;dodf eL / pgsL >LdtLn] of] Joj;fodf nufgL ug{sf] nflu k};f hDdf ug{ yfn] . ;g\ @)!) df pgn] cfˆgf] j]a ;]jf æu|]; ;km\6\;Æsf] pb\3f6g u/], ;'?df 7'nf] cGt/f{li6«o tyf /fli6«o sDkgLx¿sf] lglDt xf]l:6ª / 8f]d]gsf] lglDt ljqmL k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf sfd u/] . b'O{jif{ eGbf a9L ;dojlw leqdf g} cfDbfgL a9]/ kfFr u'0ff x'g k'Uof] . nueu leotgfdL 8f]+u !) s/f]8eGbf sd k"FhLaf6 ;'? ePsf] sf/]af/ %) s/f]8 x'g k'Uof] . Joj;fodf nufgL u/]sf] k"FhL # s/f]8eGbf sdaf6 j[l4 eP/ Ps c/a;Dd j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . ltgLx¿dWo] clwsf+z Joj;fo k|fKt ePsf s'n ah]6sf] ;+lrt k"FhL lyP eg] s]xL pgsf] alxgLaf6 k|fKt ePsf] lyof], hf] Joj;fodf nufgL ug{ rfxlGyg\ . nuftf/ j[l4 ePsf] u|fxsx¿;Fu} æu|]; ;km\6\;Æ n] clxn] lbg] ;]jfx¿df ;km\6jo]/ agfpg], j]a;fO6 l8hfO{lgª\u ug]{, 8f]d]gsf] ;]jf, j]j xf]l:6ª -pRru'0f:t/ / c;Lldt ;~rfng_, ;e{/, O–d]n ;e{/, lj1fkg, sDKo'6/ / kf6{k"hf{x¿ h:tf pTkfbgx¿ 5g\ .

ljz]if ljz]iftfx¿

!= bz{gnfO{ oyfy{df kl/0ft ug'{

eLsf] lglDt, s;/L bz{g k|fKt ug]{, of]hgf agfpg] / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ ;fy}, ;xL tl/sfsf] Jofj;flos tflndsf cj;/x¿ l;Sg], tL s'/fx¿sf] k|ltljDa lvRg] / of]hgfnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ s'/fx¿ pgnfO{ Pp6f Joj;foL bz{gsf] ¿kdf k|sfz ePsf] 5 . o;eGbf cufl8 pgn] cWoog l;WofP / cfˆgf] ?lrsf] If]qdf sfd u/] . h:t}, ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwdf (IT) . pgn] cfˆgf] jl/kl/ ePsf dlg;x¿nfO{ k/d]Zj/sf] ;]jf u/]sf] h:t} ;xfotf ug{ rfxGy] t/ cfˆgf] 5'§} Joj;fo ug{df pgnfO{ rfxgf lyPg . To;f] eP tfklg l:j; lqmo6sf] ;xfotfåf/f lbOPsf] ;fgf tyf demf}nf Jofkf/ ljsf; sfo{qmdn] ;~rfng u/]sf] Jofkf/ uf]i7Ldf efu lnO;s]kl5 pgn] cfˆgf] ;f]rfOnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf kl/jt{g u/]sf lyP .

klxnf] uf]i7Lkl5 eLn] uDeL/ ¿kdf cfˆg} Joj;fo ;'? ug]{ lgwf] u/]sf lyP lsgeg] pgnfO{ pBdzLntfsf] dfWodaf6 dflg;x¿nfO{ ;zlQms/0f ug{ / c¿nfO{ ;xfotf ug{ klg ;xL af6f] x'g ;Sb5 eGg] s'/f dx;'; u/]sf lyP . æu|]; P08 lukm\6Æsf] klxnf] c;kmntfn] pgnfO{ cufl8 a9\g /f]s]g . t/ pgn] bf];|f] k|of; ug'{cl3 ulx/f]¿kdf ;f]Rg / cem a9L xf]lzof/L x'g l;s]sf lyP . Joj;fonfO{ ;fsf/ ¿k lbg s'g} JolQmdf ePsf] alnof] kIfx¿ / ;fGble{s cj;/x¿ vf]HgnfO{ tflndstf{n] atfPsf s'/f pgn] ofb u/]sf lyP .

@= c;n Jofj;flos /0fgLltsf] nflu a'l4sf] cfjZostf kb5{

To;kl5 ePsf Jofkf/ uf]i7Lsf tflndx¿n] eLnfO{ cfˆgf] Jofkf/ /0fgLltnfO{ ljsf; ug{ / wfl/nf] kfg{ of]Uo agfPsf] lyof] . ;fy} a'l4 ;lxt Joj:yfkgsf cEof; ug{ of]Uo t'NofPsf] lyof] . eL= cfˆgf] !=% s]=hL=sf] dl:tisnfO{ k|of]u ug'{xf];\ eGg] h:tf lzIf0fsf ljifo j:t'sf s'/fn] alnof] ¿kdf k|efljt ePsf lyP . o;n] pgnfO{ ;f]Rgsf] lglDt ofb u/fpFbYof] . lsgeg] slxn]sfFxL pgn] l5§} sfo{ ub{y] / cfˆgf] dl:tisnfO{ k|of]u ug{ lj;{Gy], h;df pgnfO{ k/d]Zj/n] 7'nf] ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ sNkgf ug{ / ;xL tl/sfn] sfo{x¿ ug{nfO{ tof/ kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . csf]{ k6s sIffdf k|:t't u/]sf] bf]xf]/f] tl:a/df æbolgo a'9f] dfG5] cyjf Ps k|]dL hf]8L <Æ sf] k|:t'ltn] kl/l:yltx¿df k|fo dflg;x¿n] gsf/fTds s'/fx¿ dfq b]Vg] u5{g\ eGg] s'/f eLn] ulx/f] ¿kdf a'em]sf lyP . t/ ToxfF c¿ s'/fx¿ klg x'g] ub{5g\ . h:t} cj;/x¿ / c;n s'/fx¿ h'g Ps JolQmn] b]Vg ;Sg'kb{5 . o;nfO{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ x]g{df cyjf Jofkf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df a'‰gdf nfu" ug{ ;lsG5 . pgsf] ljrf/df, pgn] ;a} s'/f l;Sg' cfjZos 5}g t/ ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/fnfO{ kQmf nufP/ To;af6 ljsf; x'Fb} hfg'kb{5 .

#= cGt1f{gnfO{ k|0ffnL;Fu ;+of]hg ug'{

eLn] uf]i7Lsf ;a} ljifo j:t''x¿nfO{ nueu k"0f{ ¿kdf nfu" ug{ ;s]sf lyP / ltgLx¿n] cfˆgf] Joj;fodf sfd u/]sf] b]v]sf lyP . pbfx/0fsf] nflu cu'jfkgsf] af/]df ePsf] uf]i7Lkl5 eLn] cfˆgf] / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] af/]df :ki6 kl/jt{g ePsf] cg'ej u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿df lgZrotf cfPsf] lyof] / pgLx¿nfO{ lg/LIf0f ug{df / xf};nf lbgdf cfk"mdf w}o{tf cfPsf] cg'ej u/]sf lyP . kl/0ffd:j¿k, pgsf] Joj;fon] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf /fd|f] k|ult ub}{ 5 / d'gfkmf lbFb}5 / oxL k|lqmofn] pgsf] sd{rf/Lx¿ ;Fusf] ;DaGwdf klg ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . ca pgn] a"em]sf lyP, JolQmsf] Ifdtfcg";f/ l;+x JolQmnfO{ ;xL sfddf lhDdf nufpg l;s]sf lyP h:t} æsldnfÆsf] au{df kg]{ dflg;nfO{ u"0f:t/ lgoGq0f / ljZn]if0f, æafFb/Æsf] ju{df kg]{ dflg;x¿nfO{ /0fgLltx¿ agfpg] sfddf, æxflQÆsf] ju{df kg]{ dflg;x¿nfO{ of]hgfx¿ agfpg] sfddf / æaf3Æsf] ju{df kg]{ dflg;x¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ . lenfO{ s;/L cGtjf{tf{ lng] / l;+x JolQmnfO{ 5fGg] eGg] s'/f l;s]sf lyP . len] cfˆgf] sdhf]/ kIfnfO{ / tgfjk"0f{ cj:yfdf s:tf] Jojxf/ ub{y] eGg] s'/f lrGg ;s] . tL tTjx¿af6 x'g cfpg] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ sd ug{ hfg] sfd c¿nfO{ lhDdf nufpg] ;DaGwdf, clxn] len] klxnf h:tf] ;a} sfd cfkm} ub}{gg\ . pgn] cfˆgf] sfd sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lhDdf lbG5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ e/f];f u5{g\, w}o{tf;fy lg/LIf0f u5{g / xf};nf lbG5g\ . kl/0ffd:j¿k, pgsf] Joj;fon] /fd|f] k|ult ub}{ gfkmf sdfpg ;kmn eof] / of] k|lqmofdf pgsf sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw :yflkt eof] .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿M

!= ljrf/x¿sf] cfbfg k|bfg

x/]s Jofkf/ tflnd uf]i7L kl5, ;j{k|yd eLn] cfˆgf] sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu afF8\g] ub{5g\ / To;kl5 o;nfO{ pgL cfkm}df nfu" ub{5g\ . o;n] pgnfO{ / ;d"xnfO{ ;Fu} j[l4 x'g d2t ub{5 / cu'jfsf] ¿kdf eLn] cfˆgf] ;x– sdL{x¿sf] cufl8 gd"gfsf] ¿kdf k|:t't ePsf 5g\ .

@= ljlzi6 ;]jfx¿df Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{ .

u|]; ;km\6\;n] /0fgLlts ¿kdf cGtf/f{li6«o 8f]d]g gfdx¿, xf]l:6ª / ;e{/ h:tf ljlzi6 ;]jfx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{] s'/fdf Wofg s]lGb|t ub{5 . lsgeg] u|]; ;km\6\;n] o; If]qdf ;'xfpFbf] k|fljlws Ifdtf / g]6js{ pknJw u/fP h:tf] cGo Joj;foLx¿n] o; If]qdf ;]jf pknJw u/fpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

#= u|fxsx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ a'em\g'

u|]; ;km\6\;n] ;km\6jo/ ljsf; ug{sf] lglDt Pp6f ;d"x lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 / pgLx¿n] Joj;fo ;'?jft ug]{ / ljsf; ug]{ nufot ljleGg If]qsf ;]jfu|fxLx¿n] lglDt ;'xfFpbf] -cfjZostf cg'¿k_ ;km\6jo/x¿sf] l8hfOg agfpFb5g\ . o:tf] k|sf/sf] sfdsf] lglDt k|fljlws 1fg dfq geP/ u|fxsx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ a'em\g] ;+j]bgzLntf / a'emfOsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . eL / pgsf] ;d"xn] x/]s ;fdu|Lleq /x]sf cjwf/0ffx¿ cg';Gwfg ug{df cfˆgf] ;do nufPsf lyP, h;sf] sf/0f u|fxsx¿sf] ck]Iffx¿ eGbf a9L pTkflbt j:t''x¿df ;'emfjx¿ lbg ;kmn ePsf lyP .

Pp6f pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf u|]; ;km\6jo/ 5f]6f] ;dodf g} k/fdz{bftfx¿nfO{ Jofkf/ of]hgf ljsf; ug{, ahf/Ls/0f of]hgfx¿ agfpg, :jf]6–ljZn]if0f ug{, Joj;fo ljZn]if0f ug{, ljQLo Joj:yfkgsf] rfns sIf, hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf cf}hf/x¿ pknJw u/fpg / ljleGg efifdf ;+;f/el/ k|of]u

ug{ ;lsg] cGo w]/} s'/fx¿ ePsf] Pp6f hl6n ;km\6jo/ sfo{qmdx¿ ePsf] l:j; lqmo6 Dofg]h/ ljsf; ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] lyof] .

$ c¿x¿;Fu ;fem]bf/L ug'{

Jofkf/ ljsf;sf] ;Fu;Fu} sDkgLsf] cfDbfgL / nufgLsf s]xL lx:;f ;fdflhs kl/of]hgfx¿sf] lglDt 5'6\ofpFb5, lsgeg] of] sfd sDkgLsf] bz{g leq kb{5, h'g ln le / pgsf glhssf ;xsdL{x¿;Fu lyP . cfˆgf j:t''x¿ / ;]jfx¿af6 ;d'bfonfO{ ;]jf u/]/ / km/flsnf] :t/df ;dfh ljsf;sf] lglDt of]ubfg lbg' lyof] . sDkgLn] l;w} tflnddf / d]sf]ª –8]N6f If]qsf b'u{d :yfgsf] o'jfx¿nfO{ ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwdf ;xfotf lbgsf] nflu Pp6f kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5, tfls pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] b}lgs hLjgdf ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwdf kx'Fr / nfu" ug{ ;s"g\ . tflnd kl5 sDkgLn] OG6/g]6sf] dfWoodaf6 /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/x¿ lbbF5 / 3/df a;]/ OG6/g]6sf] ;xfotfaf6 sfd ug{ ;lsG5 / cWoog ug{ ;Defjgf ePsf s]xL ljBfyL{nfO{ xf] lr ldGx ;x/sf] /fli6«o ljZjljBfnodf cWoog ug{sf] nflu ;xfotf kfpF5g\ ;y} kf6{ 6fOd sfd ug{ df}sf lbOG5 .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= lbdfusf] k|of]u / s]xL u/f}+ eGg] s'/f ;Fu;Fu} hfg'k5{ .

@= pBdLx¿sf] alnof] kIfn] ahf/sf] s'g cj;/x¿df d]n vfG5 eGg] kQf nufpgfn] Ps c;n Jofj;flos aGg ;xfotf k'¥ofpFb5 .

#= 7'nf] dfqfdf C0fx¿df e/ kg'{sf] ;§f Joj;fodf nufgL ug{sf] nflu k};f arfpgfn] Joj;fonfO{ lg/Gt/tf / lglZrttf u/fpg ;lsG5 .

$= Joj;fosf] 1fg, ;Lkx¿df Jojxfl/s / ;fGble{s tflndn] 7'nf] nfe Nofpg ;S5 .

%= ;xL tl/sfn] /f]k]sf] c;n lapFn] w]/} kmn kmnfpFb5 . len] Jofj;flos tflnd k|lzIfsaf6 kfPsf] k]|/0ffnfO{ c¿x¿df ;f/]sf lyP . ;fFrf] pBdzLntfn] k/d]Zj/ / dflg;x¿sf] ;]jf ub{5, ;fy} JolQmut / ;+:yfsf] ;Defljt ;[hgzLntf / ljsf; k|fKt ub{5 . p2]Zo xfl;n ubf{;Dd w]/} nufgL ePsf] x'G5 t/ kl/0ffdx¿ jf:tjd} ;fy{s x'G5g\ .

hfb'sf] s]s–Sofkm] :dfOn afNosfnb]lvsf] ;kgf Ps ;kmn jf:tljstfdf kl/jt{g

Joj;fosf] gd"gf

;g\ @)!) df cfOcf]g / cf]Nuf O:6«f6Ln] k|flhTo'/f DofhLsf Pn P; ;L sf] gfddf Pp6f k]:6«L sDkgL :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . of];Fu} pgLx¿n] df]Nbf]jfsf] :6]kmfg ef]8f lhNnfdf Pp6f Sofkm\6]l/of -Sofkm] :dfOn_ vf]n]sf lyP . h'g 7fpFdf a[xt\ dfqfdf k|fs[lts ;fdfgx¿ ldnfP/ agfOPsf x/]s k|sf/sf a]sl/sf vfg]s'/fx¿ kfOG5g\ . b}lgs ¿kdf cfpg] ;]jfu|fxLx¿ / ljz]if k|sf/sf] s]ssf] sf/0fn] pgLx¿n] ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .

x/]s s'/f !$ jif{sf] pd]/df cf]Nufn] b]v]sf] ;kgfaf6 ;'?jft u/]sf lyP, h'g ;dodf pgn] cfˆgf] hGdhft v'jL / Ifdtfsf] k|of]u ub}{ d'6'sf] cfsf/df Pp6f s]s agfPsL lyOg\ . Tof] s]ssf] 9fFrf / crDd k|sf/sf] :jfbaf6 x/]s JolQm cfZro{ rlst ePsf lyP / ToxLFb]lv g} pgn] s]s agfpg] JolQm aGg] ;kgf b]v]sL lyOg\ . Tof] ;kgf pgdf 6fFl;Psf] lyof] / rfF8} g} pgn] cfˆgf cfdf–a'afn] of] lg0f{ok|lt ;xfotf glbPtfklg df]Nbf]jfsf] k|fljlws ljZjljBfnodf ef]hg pBf]udf cfˆgf] of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sL lyOg\ . cfOcf]g;Fu ljjfx u/L;s]kl5 cf]Nufn] rL;Lgfpdf /f]huf/L vf]hL/x]sL lyOg\ / o;}qmDdf pgn] kfs lzIfs nufot s]xL Sofkm\6]l/ofx¿df sfd u/]sL lyOg\ . t/ tna yf]/} ePsf] / sfd ug]{ 7fpF 3/b]lv 6f9f ePsf]n] cfdf–a'afsf] x};fnfcg';f/ cfˆg} 3/]n' ;x/ :6]kmf]g ef]8fdf cfˆg} Joj;fo ;'? ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf lyP . cfkm";Fu s]s agfpg rflxg] hlt 7fpF gePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cf]Nufn] 3/df s]s agfpFlyOg\ / rfF8} g} pgsf] s]ssf] :jfb / u'0f:t/sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cf]nufsf w]/} dflg;x¿sf] aLrdf kl/lrt ePsL lyOg\ . To;} ;dodf cfˆgf cfdf–j'jf / gftfuf]tfsf] ;xfotfdf pgLx¿ ;x/sf] dWoefudf Pp6f ;fgf] 7fpF lng ;Ifd ePsf lyP, hxfF pgLx¿n] Sofkm] :dfOnsf] gfddf Pp6f Sofˆ6]l/of ljsf; u/]sf lyP . clxn] cfˆgf] >Ldfg;Fu sfdub}{ pgLx¿sf] vfgfsf] ;"rL, s]sx¿, :jflbi6 ef]hg ;'ky d"Nodf pTkfbg u/]sf x'gfn] pgLx¿sxfF cfpg] c;+Vo ;]jfu|fxLx¿af6 cfgGb lnPsf 5g\ .

x/]s k|sf/sf uf]i7Lx¿df efu lnP/ / Jofj;flos k/fdz{bftfx¿sf] vf]hL u/]/ of] kl/jf/ ;w}F ;'wf/ x'g] k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z ePsf] 5 . l:j; lqmo6 / lv|i6nL;L cf]:6 ldl;of]gaf6 ;xfotf ul/Psf x/]s Jofkf/ uf]i7Ldf pgLx¿n] efu lnPsf 5g\ . oL s'/fx¿n] pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} dfqfdf vf]hL ul/Psf æpTs[i6 Jofkf/Æ p2]Zo k|fKt ug{df ;xfotf k'u]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] Jofkf/ ljsf;nfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx¿nfO{ lg/LIf0f ub}{ O:6«ftL kl/jf/n] cGo If]qx¿df cfˆgf] Joj;fo lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ .

ljz]if lqmofsnfkx¿

!= pRr u'0f:t/sf j:t' / ;]jfx¿

df]Nbf]jfsf cGo ufpFx¿df h:t} ;fgf] ;x/ :6]kmf]g–ef]8fdf klg sfd ;lsPkl5 cfˆgf kl/jf/;lxt /fd|f] vfgsf] cfgGb lng ;lsg] To:tf w]/} u'0f:t/Lo 7fpFx¿ 5g\ To;}n] cfOof]g / cf]Nufn] To:tf] /d0fLo jftfj/0f ;[hgf u/]sf 5g\ hxfF pgLx¿n] cfˆgf ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ plrt d"Nodf :jflbnf] vfgf / ld7fOx¿af6 ;]jf lbg ;S5g\ . ;a} pTkflbt j:t'x¿ k|fs[lts j:t'x¿af6 agfOPsf 5g\ h;df To:tf] s'g} ld;fj6 jf cGo s'g} s[lqd -cvfB j:t'_ j:t'x¿ ld;fj6 ul/Psf] 5}g h;n] pTkflbt j:t'df clåltotf / :jflbnf]kg lbPsf] 5 . ;f]daf/b]lv z'qmjf/;Dd Sofkm\6]l/ofdf ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ tTjx¿df of] Pp6f k|d'v tTj xf] . pgLx¿af6 pTkflbt j:t'x¿ pRr u'0f:t/sf 5g\ eg]/ ljZj:t kfg{sf] nflu clwsf+z sRrf kbfy{x¿ sd{rf/Lx¿af6 klxn] g} k|zf]wg ul/G5 .

@= ljz]if dfusf j:t''x¿

O:6«ftL kl/jf/sf] Joj;fosf] lqmofsnfk ljz]if k|sf/sf s]sx¿sf] dfuaf6 ;'? ePsf] lyof] . x/]s s]snfO{ ;]jfu|fxLsf] rfxgfcg';f/ pTkfbg ul/GYof] . u|fxssf] rfxgfcg';f/ s]s agfpg] ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ w]/} u|fxsx¿ sDkgLdf ylkPsf lyP . x/]s u|fxsf] dfunfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbOGYof] tfls u|fxsx¿ ;Gt'i6 x'g ;s"g\ . ;]jfu|fxLn] ;x/df gkfO{g] lglZrt j:t'sf] rfxgf u/] tfklg ;]jfu|fxLsf] cg'/f]wnfO{ ;Gt'li6 lbnfpgsf nflu cfOcf]gn] rL;fpg jf cGo If]qx¿df eP/ vf]hL u/]/ pxL d"Nodf lbG5g\ . ToxL z}nLdf sDkgLn] kfO / lkhfx¿ klg pxL d"Nodf lbG5g\ .

#= ljz]if kj{{x¿sf] cfof]hgf ug'{

hGdlbgsf] ef]h / cGo ljz]if pT;jx¿sf] cfof]hgf ug{ rfxg] dflg;x¿sf] lglDt klg Sofkm\6]l/ofnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5, hxfF ;]jfu|fxLn] ef]hg ;"rLdf ePsf h'g;'s} s'/fx¿ dfu ug{ ;S5g\ . 7fpF ;fgf] ePtf klg :dfOn Sofkm]sf] ;hfj6 / :jflbnf] vfgfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ afnaflnsfx¿ hGdlbgsf] ef]h cfof]hgf ug{ dg k/fp5g\ . sDkgLsf dflns, cfO6«f]gsf]cg';f/ clwsf+z ;dodf xfd|f] :yfgdf pT;jx¿ dgfpFg k"0f{ ¿kdf vl/b ul/Psf x'G5g\ . s]xL ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ :yfg gk'u]/ kmsf{pg' kg]{ x'G5 .

$= ;dfhnfO{ x]/rfx u/]/ xfdL cufl8 a9\b5f}+ .

k|j]zåf/sf] 5]pdf ha cfOcf]g / cf]Nufn] csf]{ aflx/L sf};L lgdf{0f u/]/ cfˆgf] Sofkm\6]/Lof lj:tf/ u/] . pgLx¿n] :yfgLo clwsf/Lx¿ / l5d]sLx¿af6 7'nf] cGofok"0f{ k|lt/f]wsf] ;fdfgf u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] tL If]qx¿df km'6kfy afnaRrfsf] lglDt v]n d}bfgx¿ agfP/ ;fdflhs sfdx¿df ;xefuL ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ;d'bfoaf6 w]/} ;xfotf kfPsf lyP .

ljlzi6 tTjx¿

!= gjLg vf]hsf] ksfpg] ljlwx¿

sDkgLsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf eg]sf] ksfpg] ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . pTkflbt j:t''x¿ ksfpg] tl/sf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . ;a} ksfpg] ljlwx¿ a[xt\¿kdf cf]Nufaf6 ;[hgf ul/Psf 5g\ . Tof] eGbf klg c¿ a9L t cf]Nuf;Fu ;a} ljrf/x¿nfO{ btf{ u/]/ /fVg] ljz]if k|sf/sf] b}lgsL 5 . h'g lbgsf] ;dodf b]vf kg{ ;S5 tfls pgn] ltgLx¿sf] 3/sf] sfd ug{ ;s"g\ . of] Sofkm\6]l/ofdf tkfO{+n] ;w+} :jfb / x]/fOsf] ;Gbe{df s]xL g s]xL gofF kfpg' x'g]5 / To;af6 cfgGb lng ;Sg' x'g]5 .

@= clålto 9fFrf

of] sDkgLsf] pTkflbt j:t'x¿df ljz]if u/]/ s]s ;w}F+ ;fwf/0f s]seGbf leGb} x'G5 . lsgeg] x/]s ;do pgLx¿n] gofF cfsf/, :j¿k cflbaf6 ;'wf/ u/]sf x'G5g\ . x/]s ;]jfu|fxL;Fu cfˆgf] lbdfudf s]ssf] csf/ / :j¿k x'G5 To;}n] s]sx¿ dflg;x¿sf] lrqb]lv lnP/ v]nsf sf/ / v]n}gf ;Ddsf ljleGg csf/x¿df x'G5g\ . of] ;a} s]sx¿ :jfb / cfk"lt{ ;lxt prLt d"Nodf ;aeGbf /fd|f] u'0f:t/sf agfpg ;lsG5 . s]xL j:t''x¿ cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;]jf pknAw u/fOP tfklg ;]jfu|fxLn] cfkm"n] dfu u/]sf] ;fgf] 6'qmf s]sdf cfˆgf] gfd b]v]kl5 cfZro{k"0f{ ¿kdf cfglGbt x'G5g\ . Joj;fosf] dflnssf] d"Vo rfxgf eg]sf] s'g} klg ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ p;n] vf]hL u/]sf] j:t'' pknJw u/fpg ;kmn x'g' xf] .

#= 7'nf] ljljwtf

dfNbf]efsf clwsf+z Sofkm\6]l/ofx¿df j:t''sf] Go"g u'0f:t/ x'g'sf] cnjf j:t'sf] ljljwtf kfOb}g . cf]Nuf / cfOcf]gn] of] tYonfO{ cjnf]sg u/]sf lyP . To;}n] pgLx¿ Tof] If]qsf cfˆgf ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;Gt'li6 kfg]{ u/L 7'nf] ljljwtf ;lxt cfPsf lyP . Sofkm] :dfOndf ;fgf] 7fpF ePtf klg 7'nf] dfqfdf 3/]n' ;"k, kf]n]sf] df;', (BBQ) b]lv kfOs]s, rSn]6 tfhuLk"0f{ lkpg] s'/f OTofbL 5gf]6 ug{ kfOG5 . klxnf] x]/fOdf of] Sofkm\6]/Lof ;fdfGo h:tf]] b]lvPtfklg b}lgs ¿kdf ToxfF /fHosf sd{rf/Lx¿, a}+sdf sfd ug]{x¿, k|x/L, k|Wofks / ljBfyL{x¿ :jflbnf] ef]hgsf] lglDt cfpg] ub{5g\ .

l;Sg ;lsg] kf7x¿

!= kfl/jfl/s Joj;fodf ;xefuL x'Fbf a[xt\ dfqfsf] Pstfaf6 kmfObf lng ;lsG5 .

;+s6x¿ / lg/fzfx¿af6 ljho k|fKt ug{ kl/jf/df / Joj;fodf Pstf k|d'v tTj xf] . kl/l:ylt cg's"n gePsf] ;dodf cfOcf]g / cf]Nufn] Ps csf]{af6 xf};nf lnG5g\ . olb pgLx¿sf] aLrdf, kl/jf/af6 / Oi6ldqaf6 xf};nf gkfPsf] eP, pgLx¿sf] Joj;fo w]/} ;do cufl8 g} aGb eO;s]sf] x'g] lyof] .

@= ha tkfO{+ lg/fzfsf] lsgf/fdf x'g'x'G5, slxNo} klg x/]; gvfg'xf];\ .

tkfO{+sf] ;]jfu|fxLn] tkfO{+sf] pTkfbg v/fa 5 eg] tfklg, lgsfosf

dflg;x¿n] tkfO{+nfO{ zflGt;Fu a:g glbP tfklg cfˆgf] ahf/df clålto aGgsf] nflu of] cj;/nfO{ j[l4 x'g / tL ;/f]sf/x¿dfly ljho k|fKt ug{sf] nflu k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .

#= cfkmGt / ldqx¿n] xfdLnfO{ xf};nf lbg ;S5g\ t/ pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ k|of]u klg ug{ ;S5g\ .

Joj;fodf gftfuf]tf x'g] ljifo Psbd} ;+j]bgzLn xf] . gftfuf]tfn] ;xfotf ug{ ;S5g\ t/ To;} ;odf, olb xfdLn] Wofg glbg] xf] eg], lglZrt dflg;x¿n] xfdLnfO{ / xfd|f] k};fnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;S5g\ . gftfuf]tf lng' / pgLx¿;Fu sfd ug]{ k|lqmof Jofj;flos / /fd|f] tof/L k"j{s ul/g' kb{5 .

>Ldfg / >LdtL;Fu dfq} sfd ubf{ klg kl/jf/df x'g] ;DaGwn] Joj;fosf ;d:ofx¿ ;fdgf ug{df 7'nf] e"ldsf x'g ;S5 . ;xsdL{x¿ nufot kl/jf/ aLrdf ;Gt'lnt 9ª\un] ;~rf/ ul/g' Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . olb tkfO{+ Pp6f Ifdtfjfg k|aGws aGg / cfˆgf] Joj;fodf lglZrt uNtLx¿ x6fpg rfxg' x'G5 eg], cfˆgf] sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu s'/fsfgL ug'{ Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f x'G5 .

%= ljqmL ug]{ qmddf tkfO{+sf] ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ a'em\g' Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . x/]s ;]jfu|fxLsf] rLhaLrsf] af/]df cfˆg} cjwf/0ff x'G5 / pgLx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;fFrf] ¿kdf a'em\gsf] nflu w]/} ;do lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . kl5 u'gf;f] ;'Gg'eGbf cufl8 g} dfu lng] ;dodf of]Uo sd{rf/Lx¿;Fu} a;]/ ;do latfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

^= olb tkfO{+ dxfg\ s'/f k|fKt ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg], x/ ;do Odfgbf/ aGg'xf];\ . ljleGg lgsfosf dflg;x¿ nufot cfˆgf ;]jfu|fxLx¿;Fu ;DaGwdf Odfgbf/L x'g Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . s]xL lglZrt dfkb08x¿ k"/f ug{ c;kmn eP tfklg cfˆgf] c;kmntf :jLsf/ ug{df Odfgbf/ aGg'xf];\ . Odfgbf/Ltf tkfO{+s} ;DaGwsf] nflu xf] / o;sf] lglDt tkfO{+n] s]xL ltg'{ kb{}g . tkfO{+n] w]/} c¿ e/f];f kfpg' x'g]5 / ;dfwfg ug{ g;Sg] b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ tkfO{+n] ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg' x'g]5 .

&= Ifdtfjfg k|lqmof / ljQLo Joj:yfkgn] tkfO{+nfO{ pTs[i6 aGg ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;S5 .

Joj;fodf of]hgf agfpg' / nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{ w/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . Tof] eGbf cem a9L d'gfkmfdf /lx/xgsf] lglDt ljQLo k|zf;gsf] lglDt tkfO{+sf] sDkgLdf cltl/Qm sfo{ / cfjZos kg]{ lgoGqs cf}hf/x¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o;n] tkfO{+nfO{ jt{dfgdf cfkm"n] s] ul//x]sf] 5' / eljiodf s] ug'{ kb{5 eGg] cem a9L lglZrt x'gdf ;xfotf k'¥ofpFb5 . af/Daf/ / ljljw ¿kdf Sofkm\6]l/ofdf cfO/xg] dfu cg'¿k x'g] sRrfkbfy{ / pTkfbgsf] axfjnfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{sf] lglDt klg of] w]/} d"Nojfg x'G5 .